Fatigue Loading and Design Methodology for High-Mast Lighting Towers (2012)

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72 Ahearn, E. B., and J. A. Puckett, “Reduction of Wind-Induced Vibrations in High-Mast Light Poles.” Report No. FHWA-WY-10/02F, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (2010). Anderson, J. Fundamentals of Aerodynamics. 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (2007) pp. 278. Burt, J. O. and E. J. LeBlanc, “Luminaire Vibration Suppression Study.” Louisiana Department of Highways, Baton Rouge, LA (1974). Connor, R., and I. C. Hodgson, Field Instrumentation, Testing, and Long-Term Monitoring of High-Mast Lighting Towers in the State of Iowa. Ames, IA (2006). Dexter, R. J., Investigation of Cracking of High-Mast Lighting Towers. Ames, IA (2004). Edwards, J. A., and W. L. Bingham, Deflection Criteria for Wind Induced Vibrations in Cantilever Highway Sign Structures. Report 110-79-2, Center for Transportation Engineering Studies, North Carolina State Univer- sity at Raleigh (1984). Every, M. J., R. King, and D. S. Weaver, “Vortex-Excited Vibrations of Cylinders and Cables and Their Suppres- sion.” Ocean Engineering, 9(2), (1982) pp. 135–157. Kaczinski, M. R., R. J. Dexter, and J. P. Van Dien. NCHRP Report 412: Fatigue-Resistant Design of Cantilevered Signal, Sign, and Light Supports. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1998). Krauthammer, T., P. A. Rowekamp, and R. T. Leon, “Experimental Assessment of Wind-Induced Vibrations.” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 113(9), (1987) pp. 1387–1403. Liu, Henry, Wind Engineering: A Handbook for Structural Engineers, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1991). Miner, M. A., “Cumulative Damage in Fatigue.” Journal of Applied Mechanics, 12, (1945) pp. A159–A164. NOAA, “Comparative Climatic Data for the United States through 2010.” National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC (2010). http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/climaps/wnd60b13.pdf Phares, B. M., P. P. Sarkar, T. J. Wipf, and B. Chang, “Development of Fatigue Design Procedures for Slender, Tapered Support Structures for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals Subjected to Wind-Induced Excitation from Vortex Shedding and Buffeting.” MTC Project 2005-02, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (2007). Ruscheweyh, H., “Vortex-Excited Vibrations and Galloping of Slender Elements.” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 65, No. 1–3 (December 1996). Vickery, B. J., and A. W. Clark, “Lift or Across-Wind Response of a Tapered Stack.” Journal of the Structural Division, 98, (1972) pp. 1–20. Vickery, B. J. and Basu, R. I., Across-Wind Vibrations of Structures of Circular Cross-Section. “Part II: Development of a Mathematical Model for Two-Dimensional Conditions” (1983). Warpinski, M. K., The Effect of Base Connection Geometry on the Fatigue Performance of Welded Socket Connections in Multi-Sided High-Mast Lighting Towers, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA (2006). Codes and Standards AASHTO. “Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals.” (5th ed.). American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials, Washington, DC (2009). AASHTO. “LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.” (5th ed.). American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials, Washington, DC (2010). ASTM E756-98 (1998). “Standard Test Method for Measuring Vibration-Damping Properties of Materials,” American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM Standard E1049, 1985 (2005). “Standard Practices for Cycle Counting in Fatigue Analysis.” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. CSA. (2006). “CAN/CSA-S6-06: Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code.” Canadian Standards Association, Toronto. References