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ix CONTENTS 1 CHAPTER 1 Incorporating GHG Emissions into Collaborative Decision Making: A Practitioners Guide 1 Introduction 2 Organization 4 CHAPTER 2 Transportation for Communities: Advancing Projects Through Partnerships Decision-Making Framework 4 Introduction 5 Collaborative Decision-Making Process 6 Long-Range Transportation Planning 16 Programming 26 Corridor Planning 37 Environmental Review, NEPA, and Permitting Merged with Planning 50 CHAPTER 3 Analysis Framework for Considering GHG Emissions in Decision Making 54 Determine Information Needs 56 Defi ne Goals and Measures 65 Defi ne Range of Strategies for Consideration
x 69 Evaluate GHG Benefits and Impacts of Projects and Strategies 75 Select Strategies and Document Overall GHG Benefits and Impacts of Alternatives 79 Annotated Bibliography 79 General References 79 Policy Resources 80 Transportation and Emissions Data Sources 83 Strategy Impacts and Cost-Effectiveness 85 State and Metropolitan Studies 85 GHG Analysis Tools 87 APPENDIX A Resource Material 87 Introduction 88 Federal and State Requirements and Guidance for GHG Consideration in Transportation Planning 93 Surface Transportation Contribution to GHG Emissions 99 Contextual Factors Influencing Transportation GHG Emissions 110 Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Transportation GHG Emissions Reduction Strategies 135 GHG Analysis Tools 146 Off-Model Methods 161 GHG Emissions from Transit Vehicles 168 GHG Emissions from Nonroad Sources 180 Indirect Effects and Induced Demand 186 Using MOVES to Estimate GHG Emissions 203 References
