Managing Selected Transportation Assets: Signals, Lighting, Signs, Pavement Markings, Culverts, and Sidewalks (2007)

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144 APPENDIX A Survey Questionnaire Agency: Address: City: State: Zip: Questionnaire contact: Position/title: In case of questions please provide: Tel: Fax: E-mail: Date: PURPOSE OF THIS QUESTIONNAIRE In applying the elements of asset management, transportation agencies’ strongest capabilities typically address pavements and bridges. These capabilities include relatively sophisticated management systems; detailed and comprehensive periodic inspections; supporting research programs by public and private sector organizations; and planning, programming, and budgeting procedures to resolve investment priorities and program tradeoffs. Similar capabilities are typically not widely available or deployed for other transportation assets in the United States, at least not to the scale seen for pavements and bridges, although there may be notable individual exceptions. The objective of this survey is to gain a better understanding of the state-of-the-practice for managing assets other than pavements and bridges, to identify best practices, and to document gaps in existing knowledge and research needs. Six types of assets will be investigated in depth, although unique or innovative management methods for other assets are also of interest. The six asset types that are the focus of this questionnaire are: Traffic signals, including structural components; Lighting, including structural components; Signs, both ground-mounted and overhead, including structural components; Pavement markings and lane striping; Drainage culverts and pipes (but not bridges); and Sidewalks. Each survey part 1 through 6 addresses one of the asset types above. The survey has been designed to allow you to distribute individual parts of this survey to the respective managers responsible for each type of asset, if you wish. Part 7 covers broader aspects of asset management as they relate to these and other non-pavement, non-bridge assets. Part 7 can be filled out by yourself or another manager with broad-based knowledge of your agency’s asset management practices. COMPLETING THE QUESTIONNAIRE Kindly respond to the questions to the best of your knowledge by clicking on a checkbox to mark it (or clear it) and by typing to fill in open fields. Advance to the next field by using the TAB key or a mouse-click. Most questions allow multiple responses—simply check or fill in all items that apply to your agency’s situation. If an item does not apply to your agency’s practice, just leave it blank. Two questions in each part call for a prioritized answer. In these cases, indicate the most important, most prevalent, or most applicable choice by inserting the number 1; then prioritize other responses in descending

145 order by inserting 2, 3, … for the number of items that apply to your agency’s practice. You do not have to prioritize all the items listed – only those that apply to your agency. While the questionnaire sometimes gives examples for illustration (e.g., inventory units in Question 2), you should input only the units that your agency uses. Multiple fields are provided in case you track more than one variation within an asset class (e.g., “small signs” and “large signs,” or “roadside signs” and “overhead signs”). If you track only one feature in each asset class, simply enter the inventory quantity and measurement unit for that item. If your agency does not have an inventory of a certain asset, leave the inventory response field blank. If your agency does not manage one or more of the six asset types listed above, simply check the box in Question 1 of the corresponding part of the survey and go to the next part. Please return the survey by Tuesday, February 28, 2006, via e-mail, fax, or postal mail to: Michael J. Markow E-mail: mjmarkow@adelphia.net 43 Rivers End Road Phone (508) 540-5966 Teaticket, MA 02536-5858 Fax (508) 540-5966 (please call beforehand) Please include “NCHRP Synthesis 37-03 Survey” in the subject line of emails. Feel free to call or e-mail the P.I. if you have any questions on the survey. ACRONYMS USED IN SURVEY AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACCP Asphalt-coated corrugated pipe ADAG Americans with Disabilities Act Guidelines CSCP Corrugated steel culvert pipe GIS Geographic information systems HCM Highway Capacity Manual HP Sodium High-pressure sodium ITE Institute of Traffic Engineers LP Sodium Low-pressure sodium MRR Maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement MUTCD Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices

146 PART 1. TRAFFIC SIGNALS 1. Wh at are the key sources of technical guidance for your ma nage me nt of traffic signals ? (Check all that apply as important driver s of engineering and ma nage me nt decisions.) If your agency doesn’t ma nage this asset, check this box and skip to Part 2. For Construction or New Installation For Maintenance and Rehabilitation Explicit require me nts in state or federal law Explicit require me nts in state or federal law National standards (e.g., AASHTO, ITE, HCM) National standards (e.g., AASHTO, ITE, HCM) Explicit require me nts of statewide public policy Explicit require me nts of statewide public policy Policies, standards, guidelines, and procedures established by your agency Policies, standards, guidelines, and procedures established by your agency Other: ___________________________________ Other: ______________________________________ 2. Understanding the scope of your effort will be helpful. a. Approxi ma te quantity and units of inventory (e.g., num ber of signal heads, num ber of signalized intersections or system s) Qty: Units: Qty: Units : Qty: Units : Qty: Units : b. Total highway/road/street annual budget $ c. Approxi ma te am ount spent annually on signal systems $ d. Percent of c. for new construction, new installation, or system expansion % e. Percent of c. for MRR % 3. Wh ich description(s) below best describe(s) your annual budgeting approach for preservation, operation, and maintenance of traffic signals? Budget reco mme ndations based upon the cost to achieve a perform ance target (i.e., target drives budget) Budget reco mme ndations ma xi mi ze the perform ance target th at can be achieved for the available funding (i.e., budget drives target) Budget reco mme ndations based upon addressing a percentage of the inventory each year Budget reco mme ndations based upon previous year’s budget plus inflation and other adjust me nts Budget reco mme ndations based upon staff judgm ents, political priorities, and citizen de ma nds Budget reco mme ndations based upon a percentage of the total anticipated budget Other approach (describe briefly): No specific approach

147 4. What descriptions characterize your approach to preserving/maintaining (including re-timing) traffic signals? (Check all that apply, adding comments if needed.) Approach Comments (optional) Preventive ma intenance carried out on a set schedul e I mme diate – repairs carried out as soon as possible after da ma ge/failure is reported Corrective – repairs prioritized and scheduled to m eet perform ance targets subject to resource constraints “Worst-first” – lim ited num ber of repairs each year, but backlog exists Deferred ma intenance – little or no work perform ed annually This agency does not ma intain traffic signals Other: 5. W ho ma intains the traffic signals after they are built or installed ? (Check all that apply.) Organization Conducting Work Does the Selected Organization Have Managemen t Responsibility for What Work to Perform? Your agency Yes No Private contractor (outsourced) Yes No Another level of governm ent (e.g., inter - governm ental agreem ent) Yes No Other: Yes No

148 6. How do you m easure perform ance of traffic signals ? (Check all that apply.) For selected perform ance m easures, indicate also the frequency of data collection/computation. P HYSICAL C ONDITIO N : Structural condition (m ast ar ms , poles) Corrosion Non-functional com ponents Use- or tim e-related (e.g., dirt accu mu lation) Other: If you use a m easure of physical condition, you gather this inform ation: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially A GE H OURS IN S ERVICE O PERATIONAL P ERFORMANCE : e.g., proper tim in g If you gauge operational perform ance, you m onitor this: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially S YSTEM R ELIABILIT Y : e.g., num ber of failures in some time period PERFORMANCE/HEALTH INDEX, which is based on: If you use an index, you com pute this index: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially Q UALITATIVE R ATING S : e.g., Good-Fair-Poor, based on: Structural condition (m ast ar ms , poles) Corrosion Inoperable com ponents Use- or tim e-related (e.g., dirt accu mu lation) Other: If you use a qualitative rating, you gather inform ation for this rating: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially A SSET V ALUE , in dollars If you use asset value, you com pute this value: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS—number/frequency C USTOMER S URVEYS If you use custom er surveys, you conduct these surveys: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially O THER : Frequency of me asure me nt:

149 7. What methods are used to collect and analyze information on traffic signal condition? (Check all that apply. If appropriate, please identify specific device or product technology used by your agency.) Visual inspections Photologging, videologging: Physical measurement: Non-destructive testing: Customer satisfaction surveys Customer complaints Other: No information is collected for these assets 8. If you use service lives (or deterioration rates) in your management of traffic signal components, how are their values determined? (Check all that apply.) As part of management system or analytical model development for traffic signals As a component of agency life-cycle-performance or -cost analyses comparing traffic signal products From agency experience: e.g., database of historical traffic signal service lives Obtained from literature Agency professional judgment Manufacturer’s data Other (describe briefly): The agency does not use service life information for traffic signals 9. What is your agency’s estimate of service life of traffic signals? Please enter information for the major components and materials used by your agency. Enter data only for components and materials that your agency uses; if there is no estimate of service life for an item used by your agency please enter “None.” For components/materials not used by your agency, leave the Service Life field blank. Mast Arms and Poles Controller System Signal Displays Type or Material Service Life, yrs Type or Material Service Life, yrs Type or Material Service Life, yrs Tubular steel mast arm Pavement loop detector Incandescent Tubular aluminum mast arm Non-invasive detector LED Wood pole and span- wire Traffic controller Signal heads Concrete pole and span- wire Traffic controller cabinet Other: Steel pole and span- wire Twisted copper interconnect cable Other: Other: Fiber optic cable Other: Other: Other: Other: Other: Other: Other:

150 With regard to the above estimates: Materials and construction standards have changed over the years, and older assets may have materials inferior to those installed today. How do you account for this change in materials quality in determining the service life of various components? 10. How do you determine where a traffic signal is in its service life? (Prioritize responses: 1 = most important or most widely used; 2, 3, … ≥ declining importance or prevalence of use.) Compare its age with the maximum age that defines service life Compare service hours with maximum service hours that define service life Apply deterioration models to estimate where the asset is on “the curve” Monitor condition as described in Item 7 periodically every months Monitor condition as described in Item 7 occasionally Assets are replaced on preventive-maintenance schedule every months without regard to service life Assets are repaired or replaced as soon as they fail without regard to service life Service life is often determined more by functional obsolescence than by wear-and-tear The agency does not use/does not monitor service life for this type of asset Other: 11. Has your agency estimated the extension in service life (or improvement in condition) for this asset resulting from maintenance actions? Yes No If Yes, please provide examples of these data (or attach or fax a copy of this information):

151 12. Wh at inform ation technology capabilities exist to help ma na ge your agency’s traffic signals ? (Check all that apply.) Inventory/database containing: Nu mb er/quantity of asset Location of these assets (e.g., route- mi lepost, reference point-offset, intersection) GPS coordinates Condition of these assets/current perform ance level Photograph Usage, traffic volum e Asset age Dates of inspections/condition assessm ents Anticipated service life (lives) Deterioration m odels Treatm ent selection/tim ing using: Established ma intenance schedule Reco mme ndations of inspectors Decision rules or “trees” based on forecast condition Benefit-cost procedures in life-cycle analyses Other optim ization procedures for selecting treatm ents and their tim ing Cost m odels for ma intenance, im prove me nt, and replacem ent treatm ents Tracking of public co mme nts/concerns/agency responses Models predicting impacts of asset condition to the public (e.g., improved safety, environmental impact) GIS interface GIS-based ma ps, reports Perform ance m easure me nt/dashboards/accountability reporting Historical database for tracking costs, condition, etc. and/or estimating deterioration models Other: NONE OF THE ABOVE (skip next response; go directly to item 13) Most or all of the capabilities identified above are: Organized within a traffic signal ma nage me nt system Organized within a broad-based ma nage me nt system (e.g., for ma intenance or asset ma nage me nt) that includes traffic signals as well as other assets Contained within si mp le progra ms that address traffic signals Contained within worksheets or spreadsheets that address traffic signals Part of other products/procedures (describe briefly):

152 13. Maintaining traffic signals in good condition is important to several transportation objectives below. Please indicate the relative priority you assign to these objectives (1 = most important, then 2, 3, … n for the number that apply to your agency): Preservation of the existing road infrastructure; reduced agency life-cycle costs More efficient travel; maintain intended flow and operating speed; reduce travel time costs Public safety; accident and accident risk reduction Comfort and convenience of the traveling public (motorists, pedestrians, cyclists) Road aesthetics and appeal Other: 14. What are the major gaps in knowledge impeding better asset management for traffic signals? 15. What research needs to be done to improve the validity of service life estimates for traffic signals? You have completed Part 1. Thank you!

153 PART 2. ROADWAY LIGHTING 1. What are the key sources of technical guidance for your management of roadway lighting? (Check all that apply as important drivers of engineering and management decisions.) If your agency doesn’t manage this asset, check this box and skip to Part 3. For Construction or New Installation For Maintenance and Rehabilitation Explicit requirements in state or federal law Explicit requirements in state or federal law National standards (e.g., AASHTO, ITE) National standards (e.g., AASHTO, ITE) Explicit requirements of statewide public policy Explicit requirements of statewide public policy Policies, standards, guidelines, and procedures established by your agency Policies, standards, guidelines, and procedures established by your agency Other: ______________________________________ Other: ______________________________________ 2. Understanding the scope of your effort will be helpful. a. Approximate quantity and units of inventory (e.g., number of light fixtures) Qty: Units: Qty: Units: Qty: Units: Qty: Units: b. Total highway/road/street annual budget $ c. Approximate amount spent annually on road lighting $ d. Percent of c. for new construction, new installation, or system expansion % e. Percent of c. for MRR % 3. Which description(s) below best describe(s) your annual budgeting approach for preservation, operation, and maintenance of roadway lighting? Budget recommendations based upon the cost to achieve a performance target (i.e., target drives budget) Budget recommendations maximize the performance target that can be achieved for the available funding (i.e., budget drives target) Budget recommendations based upon addressing a percentage of the inventory each year Budget recommendations based upon previous year’s budget plus inflation and other adjustments Budget recommendations based upon staff judgments, political priorities, and citizen demands Budget recommendations based upon a percentage of the total anticipated budget Other approach (describe briefly): No specific approach

154 4. What descriptions characterize your approach to preserving/maintaining roadway lighting? (Check all that apply, adding comments if needed.) Approach Comments (optional) Preventive maintenance carried out on a set schedule Immediate – repairs carried out as soon as possible after damage/failure is reported Corrective – repairs prioritized and scheduled to meet performance targets subject to resource constraints “Worst-first” – limited number of repairs each year, but backlog exists Deferred maintenance – little or no work performed annually This agency does not maintain roadway lighting Other: 5. Who maintains the roadway lighting after it is built or installed? (Check all that apply.) Organization Conducting Work Does the Selected Organization Have Management Responsibility for What Work to Perform? Your agency Yes No Private contractor (outsourced) Yes No Another level of government (e.g., inter- governmental agreement) Yes No Other: Yes No

155 6. How do you m easure perform ance of roadway lighting? (Check all that apply.) For selected perform ance m easures, indicate also the frequency of data collection/com putation. PHYSICAL CONDITION: Structural condition (e.g., of posts and ar ms ) Corrosion Non-functional com ponents Use- or tim e-related: e.g., dirt accu mu lation Other: If you use a m easure of physical condition, you gather this inform ation: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially A GE H OURS OF S ERVICE P ERFORMANCE /H EALTH I NDE X , which is based on: If you use an index, you com pute this index: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially S YSTEM R ELIABILIT Y : e .g., num ber of failures in some time period Q UALITATIVE R ATING S : e.g., Good-Fair-Poor, based on: Structural condition (e.g., of posts and ar ms ) Corrosion Non-functional com ponents Use- or tim e-related: e.g., dirt accu mu lation Other: If you use a qualitative rating, you gather inform ation for this rating: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially A SSET V ALUE , in dollars If you use asset value, you com pute this value: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS—number/frequency C USTOMER S URVEYS If you use custom er surveys, you conduct these surveys: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially O THER : Frequency of me asure me nt:

156 7. Wh at me thods are used to collect and analyze inform ati on on roadway lighting condition? (Check all that apply. If appropriate, please identify specific device or product technology used by your agency.) Visual inspections Photologging, videologging: Physical m easure me nt: Non-destructive testing: Custo me r satisfaction surveys Custo me r com plaints Other: No inform ation is collected for these assets 8. If you use service lives (or deterioration rates ) in your ma nage me nt of roadway lighting com ponents, how are their values determined? (Check all that apply.) As part of ma nage me nt system or analytical m odel developm ent for roadway lighting As a com ponent of agency life-cycle perform ance or cost analyses co mp aring roadway lighting products From agency experience: e.g., database of historical roadway lighting service lives Obtained from literature Agency professional judgm ent Manufacturer’s data Other (describe briefly): The agency does not use service life inform ation for roadway lighting 9. Wh at is your agency’s estim ate of service life of roa dw ay lighting? Please enter inform ation for the ma jor com ponents and ma terials used by your agency. Enter data only for com ponents and ma terials that your agency uses; if there is no estim ate of service life for an item used by your agency please enter “None.” For components/materials not used by your agency, leave the Service Life field blank. Post and Arms Lamps Other Parts Type or Material Service Life, yrs Type or Material Service Life, yrs Type or Material Service Life, yrs Tubular steel Incandescent B allasts Tubular alu mi num Mercury vapor P hotocells Cast me tal HP sodium vapor Control panels W ood posts LP sodium vapor Other: High-m ast or tower Metal halide Other: Other: Fluorescent Other: Other: Other: Other:

157 10. How do you determine where a roadway lighting pole or fixture is in its service life? (Prioritize responses: 1 = most important or most widely used; 2, 3, … ≥ declining importance or prevalence of use.) Compare its age with the maximum age that defines service life Compare service hours with maximum service hours that define service life Apply deterioration models to estimate where the asset is on “the curve” Monitor condition as described in Item 7 periodically every months Monitor condition as described in Item 7 occasionally Assets are replaced on preventive-maintenance schedule every months without regard to service life Assets are repaired or replaced as soon as they fail without regard to service life Service life is often determined more by functional obsolescence than by wear-and-tear The agency does not use/does not monitor service life for this type of asset Other: 11. Has your agency estimated the extension in service life (or improvement in condition) for this asset resulting from maintenance actions? Yes No If Yes, please provide examples of these data (or attach or fax a copy of this information):

158 12. What information technology capabilities exist to help manage your agency’s roadway lighting? (Check all that apply.) Inventory/database containing: Number/quantity of asset Location of these assets (e.g., route- mi lepost, reference point-offset, intersection) GPS coordinates Condition of these assets/current performance level Photograph Usage, traffic volum e Asset age Dates of inspections/condition assessm ents Anticipated service life (lives) Deterioration m odels Treatm ent selection/tim ing using: Established ma intenance schedule Reco mme ndations of inspectors Decision rules or “trees” based on forecast condition Benefit-cost procedures in life-cycle analyses Other optim ization procedures for selecting treatm ents and their tim ing Cost m odels for ma intenance, im prove me nt, and replacem ent treatm ents Tracking of public co mme nts/concerns/agency responses Models predicting impacts of asset condition to the public (e.g., improved safety, environmental impact) GIS interface GIS-based ma ps, reports Perform ance m easure me nt/dashboards/accountability reporting Historical database for tracking costs, condition, etc., and/or estimating deterioration models Other: NONE OF THE ABOVE (skip next response; go directly to item 13) Most or all of the capabilities identified above are: Organized within a roadway lighting ma nage me nt system Organized within a broad-based ma nage me nt system (e.g., for ma intenance or asset ma nage me nt) that includes roadway lighting as well as other assets Contained within si mp le progra ms that address roadway lighting Contained within worksheets or spreadsheets that address roadway lighting Part of other products/procedures (describe brief ly ):

159 13. Maintaining roadway lighting in good condition is important to several transportation objectives below. Please indicate the relative priority you assign to these objectives (1 = most important, then 2, 3, … n for the number that apply to your agency): Preservation of the existing road infrastructure; reduced agency life-cycle costs More efficient travel; maintain intended flow and operating speed; reduce travel time costs Public safety; accident and accident risk reduction Comfort and convenience of the traveling public (motorists, pedestrians, cyclists) Road aesthetics and appeal Crime prevention Other: 14. What are the major gaps in knowledge impeding better asset management for roadway lighting? 15. What research needs to be done to improve the validity of service life estimates for roadway lighting? You have completed Part 2. Thank you!

160 PART 3. SIGNS 1. What are the key sources of technical guidance for your management of signs? (Check all that apply as important drivers of engineering and management decisions.) If your agency doesn’t manage this asset, check this box and skip to Part 4. For Construction or New Installation For Maintenance and Rehabilitation Explicit requirements in state or federal law Explicit requirements in state or federal law National standards (e.g., AASHTO, MUTCD) National standards (e.g., AASHTO, MUTCD) Explicit requirements of statewide public policy Explicit requirements of statewide public policy Policies, standards, guidelines, and procedures established by your agency Policies, standards, guidelines, and procedures established by your agency Other: Other: 2. Understanding the scope of your effort will be helpful. a. Approximate quantity and units of inventory (e.g., number of signs, sign area in square feet) Qty: Units: Qty: Units: Qty: Units: Qty: Units: b. Total highway/road/street annual budget $ c. Approximate amount spent annually on signs $ d. Percent of c. for new construction, new installation, or system expansion % e. Percent of c. for MRR % 3. Which description(s) below best describe(s) your annual budgeting approach for preservation, operation, and maintenance of signs? Budget recommendations based upon the cost to achieve a performance target (i.e., target drives budget) Budget recommendations maximize the performance target that can be achieved for the available funding (i.e., budget drives target) Budget recommendations based upon addressing a percentage of the inventory each year Budget recommendations based upon previous year’s budget plus inflation and other adjustments Budget recommendations based upon staff judgments, political priorities, and citizen demands Budget recommendations based upon a percentage of the total anticipated budget Other approach (describe briefly): No specific approach

161 4. What descriptions characterize your approach to preserving/maintaining signs? (Check all that apply, adding comments if needed.) Approach Comments (optional) Preventive maintenance carried out on a set schedule Immediate – repairs carried out as soon as possible after damage/failure is reported Corrective – repairs prioritized and scheduled to meet performance targets subject to resource constraints “Worst-first” – limited number of repairs each year, but backlog exists Deferred maintenance – little or no work performed annually This agency does not maintain signs Other: 5. Who maintains the signs after they are built or installed? (Check all that apply.) Organization Conducting Work Does the Selected Organization Have Management Responsibility for What Work to Perform? Your agency Yes No Private contractor (outsourced) Yes No Another level of government (e.g., inter- governmental agreement) Yes No Other: Yes No

162 6. How do you m easure perform ance of a sign system ? (Check all that apply.) For selected perform ance m easures, indicate also the frequency of data collection/computation. PHYSICAL CONDITION: Retroreflectivity Color fading Daytim e legibility Nighttim e legibility Structural condition (sign panel or supports) Corrosion Dirt accu mu lation Vandalis m Other: If you use a m easure of physical condition, you gather this inform ation: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially A GE C ONFORMANCE TO C URRENT S TANDARDS / O BSOLESCENCE P ERFORMANCE /H EALTH I NDE X , which is based on: If you use an index, you com pute this index: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially Q UALITATIVE R ATING S : e.g., Good-Fair-Poor, based on: Retroreflectivity Color fading Daytim e legibility Nighttim e legibility Structural condition (sign panel or supports) Corrosion Dirt accu mu lation Vandalis m Other: If you use a qualitative rating, you gather inform ation for this rating: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially A SSET V ALUE , in dollars If you selected Asset Value, you com pute this value: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS—number/frequency C USTOMER S URVEYS If you use custom er surveys, you conduct these surveys: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially O THER : Frequency of me asure me nt:

163 7. Wh at me thods are used to collect and analyze inform ation on sign condition? (Check all that apply. If appropriate, please identify specific device or product technology used by your agency.) Visual inspections Photologging, videologging: Physical m easure me nt: Non-destructive testing: Custo me r satisfaction surveys Custo me r com plaints Other: No inform ation is collected for these assets 8. If you use service lives (or deterioration rates ) in your ma nage me nt of sign com ponents, how are their values determined? (Check all that apply.) As part of ma nage me nt system or analytical m odel developm ent for signs As a com ponent of agency life-cycle-perform an ce or -cost analyses co mp aring sign products From agency experience: e.g., database of historical sign service lives Obtained from literature Agency professional judgm ent Manufacturer’s data Other (describe briefly): The agency does not use service life inform ation for signs 9. Wh at is your agency’s estim ate of service life of signs ? Please enter inform ation for the ma jor com ponents and ma terials used by your agency. Enter data only for com ponents and ma te rials that your agency uses; if there is no estim ate of service life for an item used by your agency please enter “None.” For com ponents/ ma terials no t used by your agency, leave the Service Life field blank. Sign Panels Roadside Sign Posts Overhead Sign Bridges Type or Material or Color (specify) Service Life, yrs Type or Material Service Life, yrs Type or Material Service Life, yrs Steel U-channel S teel Steel square tube Alum inum Alum inum tube Other: Fiberglass Other: W ood Other: Other: Other:

164 10. How do you deter mi ne where a sign is in its service life? (P rioritize responses: 1 = m ost im portant or most widely used; 2, 3, … ≥ declining importance or prevalence of use.) Com pare its age with the ma xi mu m age that defines service life Apply deterioration m odels to estim ate where the asset is on “the curve” Monitor condition as described in Item 7 periodically every m onths Monitor condition as described in Item 7 occasionally Assets are replaced on preventive-m aintenance schedule every m onths without regard to service life Assets are repaired or replaced as soon as they fail without regard to service life Service life is often deter mi ned mo re by f unctional obsolescence than by wear and tear The agency does not use/does not monitor service life for this type of asset Other: 11. Has your agency estim ated the extension in service life (or im prove me nt in condition) for this asset resulting from ma intenance or rehabilitation actions ? Yes No If Yes, please provide exam ples of these data (o r attach or fax a copy of this inform ation):

165 12. Wh at inform ation technology capabilities exist to help ma nage your agency’s signs ? (Check all that apply.) Inventory/database containing: Nu mb er/quantity of asset Location of these assets (e.g., route- mi lepost, reference point-offset, intersection) GPS coordinates Condition of these assets/current performance level Photograph Usage, traffic volum e Asset age Dates of inspections/condition assessments Anticipated service life (lives) Deterioration m odels Treatm ent selection/tim ing using: Established ma intenance schedule Reco mme ndations of inspectors Decision rules or “trees” based on forecast condition Benefit-cost procedures in life-cycle analyses Other optim ization procedures for selecting treatm ents and their tim ing Cost m odels for ma intenance, im prove me nt, and replacem ent treatm ents Tracking of public comments/concerns/agency responses Models predicting impacts of asset condition to the public (e.g., improved safety, environmental impact) GIS interface GIS-based ma ps, reports Perform ance measurement/dashboards/accountability reporting Historical database for tracking costs, condition, etc., and/or estimating deterioration models Other: NONE OF THE ABOVE (skip next response; go directly to item 13) Most or all of the capabilities identified above are: Organized within a sign ma nage me nt system Organized within a broad-based ma nage me nt system (e.g., for ma intenance or asset ma nage me nt) that includes signs as well as other assets Contained within sim ple progra ms that address signs Contained within worksheets or spreadsheets that address signs Part of other products/procedures (describe briefly):

166 13. Maintaining signs in good condition is im portant to several transportation objectives below. Please indicate the relative priority you assign to these objectives (1 = mo st im portant, then 2, 3, … n for the number that apply to your agency): Preservation of the existing road infrastructure; reduced agency life-cycle costs More efficient travel; ma intain intended flow and operating speed; reduce travel tim e costs Public safety; accident and accident risk reduction Com fort and convenience of the traveling public (m otorists, pedestrians, cyclists) Road aesthetics and appeal Other: 14. Wh at are the ma jor gaps in knowledge im peding better asset ma nage me nt for roadway signs ? 15. Wh at research needs to be done to im prove the va lidity of service life estim ates for roadway signs ? You have completed Part 3. Thank you!

167 PART 4. PAVEMENT STRIPING AND MARKINGS 1. What are the key sources of technical guidance for your management of pavement striping and markings? (Check all that apply as important drivers of engineering and management decisions.) If your agency doesn’t manage this asset, check this box and skip to Part 5. For Construction or New Installation For Maintenance and Rehabilitation Explicit requirements in state or federal law Explicit requirements in state or federal law National standards (e.g., AASHTO, MUTCD) National standards (e.g., AASHTO, MUTCD) Explicit requirements of statewide public policy Explicit requirements of statewide public policy Policies, standards, guidelines, and procedures established by your agency Policies, standards, guidelines, and procedures established by your agency Other: Other: 2. Understanding the scope of your effort will be helpful. a. Approximate quantity and units of inventory (e.g., stripe miles, square yards of pavement markings) Qty: Units: Qty: Units: Qty: Units: Qty: Units: b. Total highway/road/street annual budget $ c. Approximate amount spent annually on striping and pavement markings $ d. Percent of c. for new construction, new installation, or system expansion % e. Percent of c. for MRR % 3. Which description(s) below best describe(s) your annual budgeting approach for preservation, operation, and maintenance of pavement striping and markings? Budget recommendations based upon the cost to achieve a performance target (i.e., target drives budget) Budget recommendations maximize the performance target that can be achieved for the available funding (i.e., budget drives target) Budget recommendations based upon addressing a percentage of the inventory each year Budget recommendations based upon previous year’s budget plus inflation and other adjustments Budget recommendations based upon staff judgments, political priorities, and citizen demands Budget recommendations based upon a percentage of the total anticipated budget Other approach (describe briefly): No specific approach

168 4. What descriptions characterize your approach to preserving/maintaining pavement striping and markings? (Check all that apply, adding comments if needed.) Approach Comments (optional) Preventive maintenance carried out on a set schedule Immediate – repairs carried out as soon as possible after damage/failure is reported Corrective – repairs prioritized and scheduled to meet performance targets subject to resource constraints “Worst-first” – limited number of repairs each year, but backlog exists Deferred maintenance – little or no work performed annually This agency does not maintain pavement striping/markings Other: 5. Who maintains the pavement striping and markings after they are built or installed? (Check all that apply.) Organization Conducting Work Does the Selected Organization Have Management Responsibility for What Work to Perform? Your agency Yes No Private contractor (outsourced) Yes No Another level of government (e.g., inter- governmental agreement) Yes No Other: Yes No

169 6. How do you m easure perform ance of pave me nt striping and ma rkings? (Check all that apply.) For selected performance m easures, indicate also the frequency of data collection/com putation. PHYSICAL CONDITION: Abrasion, wear, loss of adhesion Broken/ mi ssing raised pave me nt ma rkers Loss of reflectivity Use-related factors (e.g., debris accu mu lation, loss of pave me nt edge) Other: If you use a m easure of physical condition, you gather this inform ation: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially A GE P ERFORMANCE /H EALTH I NDE X , which is based on: If you use an index, you com pute this index: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially Q UALITATIVE R ATING S : e.g., Good-Fair-Poor, based on: Abrasion, wear, loss of adhesion Broken/ mi ssing raised pave me nt ma rkers Loss of reflectivity Use-related factors (e.g., debris accu mu lation, loss of pave me nt edge) Other: If you use a qualitative rating, you gather inform ation for this rating: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially A SSET V ALUE , in dollars If you use asset value, you com pute this value: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS—number/frequency C USTOMER S URVEYS If you use custom er surveys, you conduct these surveys: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially O THER : Frequency of me asure me nt:

170 7. What methods are used to collect and analyze information on pavement striping and marking condition? (Check all that apply. If appropriate, please identify specific device or product technology used by your agency.) Visual inspections Photologging, videologging: Physical measurement: Non-destructive testing: Customer satisfaction surveys Customer complaints Other: No information is collected for these assets 8. If you use service lives (or deterioration rates) in your management of pavement striping and markings, how are their values determined? (Check all that apply.) As part of management system or analytical model development for pavement striping and markings As a component of agency life-cycle-performance or -cost analyses comparing pavement striping and marking products From agency experience: e.g., database of historical pavement striping and marking service lives Obtained from literature Agency professional judgment Manufacturer’s data Other (describe briefly): The agency does not use service life information for pavement striping and markings 9. What is your agency’s estimate of service life of pavement striping and markings? Please enter information for the major components and materials used by your agency. Enter data only for components and materials that your agency uses; if there is no estimate of service life for an item used by your agency please enter “None.” For components/materials not used by your agency, leave the Service Life field blank. Lane or Edge Striping Raised Markers – Lane Dividers Other Pavement Markings Type or Material Service Life, yrs Type or Material Service Life, yrs Type or Material Service Life, yrs Paint (non-epoxy) Ceramic markers Paint (non-epoxy) Epoxy-based paint Raised markers Epoxy-based paint Paint/epoxy with glass beads Recessed markers Paint/epoxy with glass beads Thermoplastic Other: Thermoplastic Cold plastic Other: Cold plastic Instant dry thermo powder Other: Instant dry thermo powder Polyester Other: Polyester Other: Other: Other:

171 10. How do you deter mi ne where pave me nt striping or ma rking is in its service life? (Prioritize responses: 1 = mo st im portant or mo st widely used; 2, 3, … ≥ declining importance or prevalence of use.) Com pare its age with the ma xi mu m age that defines service life Apply deterioration m odels to estim ate where the asset is on “the curve” Monitor condition as described in Item 7 periodically every m onths Monitor condition as described in Item 7 occasionally Assets are replaced on preventive-m aintenance schedule every m onths without regard to service life Assets are repaired or replaced as soon as they fail without regard to service life The agency does not use/does not m onitor service life for this type of asset Other: 11. Has your agency estim ated the extension in service life (or im prove me nt in condition) for this asset resulting from ma intenance or rehabilitation actions ? Yes No If Yes, please provide exam ples of these data (or attach a copy of this inform ation):

172 12. Wh at inform ation technology capabilities exist to help ma nage your agency’s pave ment striping and markings? (Check all that apply.) Inventory/database containing: Nu mb er/quantity of asset Location of these assets (e.g., route- mi lepost, reference point-offset, intersection) GPS coordinates Condition of these assets/current perform ance level Photograph Usage, traffic volum e Asset age Dates of inspections/condition assessm ents Anticipated service life (lives) Deterioration m odels Treatm ent selection/tim ing using: Established ma intenance schedule Reco mme ndations of inspectors Decision rules or “trees” based on forecast condition Benefit-cost procedures in life-cycle analyses Other optim ization procedures for selecting treatm ents and their tim ing Cost m odels for ma intenance, im prove me nt, and replacem ent treatm ents Tracking of public co mme nts/concerns/agency responses Models predicting impacts of asset condition to the public (e.g., improved safety, environmental impact) GIS interface GIS-based ma ps, reports Perform ance m easure me nt/dashboards/accountability reporting Historical database for tracking costs, condition, etc., and/or estim ating deterioration m odels Other: NONE OF THE ABOVE (skip next response; go directly to item 13) Most or all of the capabilities identified above are: Organized within a pave me nt striping/ ma rkings ma nage me nt system Organized within a broad-based ma nage me nt system (e.g., for ma intenance or asset ma nage me nt) that includes pave me nt striping/ ma rkings as well as other assets Contained within si mp le progra ms that address pave me nt striping/ ma rkings Contained within worksheets or spreadsheets that address pave me nt striping/ ma rkings Part of other products/procedures (describe briefly):

173 13. Maintaining pavement striping and markings in good condition is important to several transportation objectives below. Please indicate the relative priority you assign to these objectives (1 = most important, then 2, 3, … n for the number that apply to your agency): Preservation of the existing road infrastructure; reduced agency life-cycle costs More efficient travel; maintain intended flow and operating speed; reduce travel time costs Public safety; accident and accident risk reduction Comfort and convenience of the traveling public (motorists, pedestrians, cyclists) Road aesthetics and appeal Other: 14. What are the major gaps in knowledge impeding better asset management for pavement striping and markings? 15. What research needs to be done to improve the validity of service life estimates for pavement striping and markings? You have completed Part 4. Thank you!

174 PART 5. DRAINAGE CULVERTS 1. What are the key sources of technical guidance for your management of drainage culverts? (Check all that apply as important drivers of engineering and management decisions.) If your agency doesn’t manage this asset, check this box and skip to Part 6. For Construction or New Installation For Maintenance and Rehabilitation Explicit requirements in state or federal law Explicit requirements in state or federal law National standards (e.g., AASHTO) National standards (e.g., AASHTO) Explicit requirements of statewide public policy Explicit requirements of statewide public policy Policies, standards, guidelines, and procedures established by your agency Policies, standards, guidelines, and procedures established by your agency Other: Other: 2. Understanding the scope of your effort will be helpful. a. Approximate quantity and units of inventory (e.g., number of culverts, linear feet of culvert pipe) Qty: Units: Qty: Units: Qty: Units: Qty: Units: b. Total highway/road/street annual budget $ c. Approximate amount spent annually on culverts $ d. Percent of c. for new construction, new installation, or system expansion % e. Percent of c. for MRR % 3. Which description(s) below best describe(s) your annual budgeting approach for preservation, operation, and maintenance of drainage culverts? Budget recommendations based upon the cost to achieve a performance target (i.e., target drives budget) Budget recommendations maximize the performance target that can be achieved for the available funding (i.e., budget drives target) Budget recommendations based upon addressing a percentage of the inventory each year Budget recommendations based upon previous year’s budget plus inflation and other adjustments Budget recommendations based upon staff judgments, political priorities, and citizen demands Budget recommendations based upon a percentage of the total anticipated budget Other approach (describe briefly): No specific approach

175 4. What descriptions characterize your approach to preserving/maintaining drainage culverts? (Check all that apply, adding comments if needed.) Approach Comments (optional) Preventive maintenance carried out on a set schedule Immediate – repairs carried out as soon as possible after damage/failure is reported Corrective – repairs prioritized and scheduled to meet performance targets subject to resource constraints “Worst-first” – limited number of repairs each year, but backlog exists Deferred maintenance – little or no work performed annually This agency does not maintain drainage culverts Other: 5. Who maintains the drainage culverts after they are built or installed? (Check all that apply.) Organization Conducting Work Does the Selected Organization Have Management Responsibility for What Work to Perform? Your agency Yes No Private contractor (outsourced) Yes No Another level of government (e.g., inter- governmental agreement) Yes No Other: Yes No

176 6. How do you m easure perform ance of drainage culverts ? (C heck all that apply.) For selected perform ance m easures, indicate also the frequency of data collection/com putation. PHYSICAL CONDITION: Structural condition Corrosion Debris accu mu lation Other: If you use a m easure of physical condition, you gather this inform ation: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially A GE P ERFORMANCE /H EALTH I NDE X , which is based on: If you use an index, you com pute this index: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially S YSTEM R ELIABILIT Y : e.g., num ber of failures in some time period Q UALITATIVE R ATING S : e.g., Good-Fair-Poor, based on: Structural condition Corrosion Debris accu mu lation Other: If you use a qualitative rating, you gather inform ation for this rating: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially A SSET V ALUE , in dollars If you use asset value, you com pute this value: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS—number/frequency C USTOMER S URVEYS If you use custom er surveys, you conduct these surveys: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially O THER : Frequency of me asure ment:

177 7. What methods are used to collect and analyze information on drainage culvert condition? (Check all that apply. If appropriate, please identify specific device or product technology used by your agency.) Visual inspections Photologging, videologging: Physical measurement: Non-destructive testing: Customer satisfaction surveys Customer complaints Other: No information is collected for these assets 8. If you use service lives (or deterioration rates) in your management of drainage culverts, how are their values determined? (Check all that apply.) As part of management system or analytical model development for drainage culverts As a component of agency life-cycle-performance or -cost analyses comparing drainage culvert products From agency experience: e.g., database of historical drainage culvert service lives Obtained from literature Agency professional judgment Manufacturer’s data Other (describe briefly): The agency does not use service life information for drainage culverts 9. What is your agency’s estimate of service life of drainage culverts? Please enter information for the major components and materials used by your agency. Enter data only for components and materials that your agency uses; if there is no estimate of service life for an item used by your agency please enter “None.” For components/materials not used by your agency, leave the Service Life field blank. Pipes Box Culverts Type or Material Service Life, yrs Type or Material Service Life, yrs Concrete Reinforced concrete Corrugated metal, CSCP Timber ACCP Other: Small-diameter plastic Other: Other: Other:

178 10. How do you determine where a drainage culvert is in its service life? (Prioritize responses: 1 = most important or most widely used; 2, 3, … ≥ declining importance or prevalence of use.) Compare its age with the maximum age that defines service life Apply deterioration models to estimate where the asset is on “the curve” Monitor condition as described in Item 7 periodically every months Monitor condition as described in Item 7 occasionally Assets are replaced on preventive-maintenance schedule every months without regard to service life Assets are repaired or replaced as soon as they fail without regard to service life The agency does not use/does not monitor service life for this type of asset Other: 11. Has your agency estimated the extension in service life (or improvement in condition) for this asset resulting from maintenance or rehabilitation actions? Yes No If Yes, please provide examples of these data (or attach or fax a copy of this information):

179 12. What information technology capabilities exist to help manage your agency’s drainage culverts? (Check all that apply.) Inventory/database containing: Nu mb er/quantity of asset Location of these assets (e.g., route- mi lepost, reference point-offset, intersection) GPS coordinates Condition of these assets/current perform ance level Photograph Usage, traffic volum e Asset age Dates of inspections/condition assessm ents Anticipated service life (lives) Deterioration m odels Treatm ent selection/tim ing using: Established ma intenance schedule Reco mme ndations of inspectors Decision rules or “trees” based on forecast condition Benefit-cost procedures in life-cycle analyses Other optim ization procedures for selecting treatm ents and their tim ing Cost m odels for ma intenance, im prove me nt, and replacem ent treatm ents Tracking of public co mme nts/concerns/agency responses Models predicting impacts of asset condition to the public (e.g., improved safety, environmental impact) GIS interface GIS-based ma ps, reports Perform ance m easure me nt/dashboards/accountability reporting Historical database for tracking costs, condition, etc., and/or estim ating deterioration m odels Other: NONE OF THE ABOVE (skip next response; go directly to item 13) Most or all of the capabilities identified above are: Organized within a culvert ma nage me nt system Organized within a broad-based ma nage me nt system (e.g., for ma intenance or asset ma nage me nt) that includes culverts as well as other assets Contained within si mp le progra ms that address culverts Contained within worksheets or spreadsheets that address culverts Part of other products/procedures (describe briefly):

180 13. Maintaining drainage culverts in good condition is important to several transportation objectives below. Please indicate the relative priority you assign to these objectives (1 = most important, then 2, 3, … n for the number that apply to your agency): Preservation of the existing road infrastructure; reduced agency life-cycle costs More efficient travel; maintain intended flow and operating speed; reduce travel time costs Public safety; accident and accident risk reduction Comfort and convenience of the traveling public (motorists, pedestrians, cyclists) Road aesthetics and appeal Other: 14. What are the major gaps in knowledge impeding better asset management for drainage culverts? 15. What research needs to be done to improve the validity of service life estimates for drainage culverts? You have completed Part 5. Thank you!

181 PART 6. SIDEWALKS 1. What are the key sources of technical guidance for your management of sidewalks? (Check all that apply as important drivers of engineering and management decisions.) If your agency doesn’t manage this asset, check this box and skip to Part 7. For Construction or New Installation For Maintenance and Rehabilitation Explicit requirements in state or federal law Explicit requirements in state or federal law National standards (e.g., AASHTO, ADAG) National standards (e.g., AASHTO) Explicit requirements of statewide public policy Explicit requirements of statewide public policy Policies, standards, guidelines, and procedures established by your agency Policies, standards, guidelines, and procedures established by your agency Other: Other: 2. Understanding the scope of your effort will be helpful. a. Approximate quantity and units of inventory (e.g., linear feet of sidewalks, sidewalk miles, square yards of sidewalk area) Qty: Units: Qty: Units: Qty: Units: Qty: Units: b. Total highway/road/street annual budget $ c. Approximate amount spent annually on sidewalks $ d. Percent of c. for new construction, new installation, or system expansion % e. Percent of c. for MRR % 3. Which description(s) below best describe(s) your annual budgeting approach for preservation, operation, and maintenance of sidewalks? Budget recommendations based upon the cost to achieve a performance target (i.e., target drives budget) Budget recommendations maximize the performance target that can be achieved for the available funding (i.e., budget drives target) Budget recommendations based upon addressing a percentage of the inventory each year Budget recommendations based upon previous year’s budget plus inflation and other adjustments Budget recommendations based upon staff judgments, political priorities, and citizen demands Budget recommendations based upon a percentage of the total anticipated budget Other approach (describe briefly): No specific approach

182 4. What descriptions characterize your approach to preserving/maintaining sidewalks? (Check all that apply, adding comments if needed.) Approach Comments (optional) Preventive maintenance carried out on a set schedule Immediate – repairs carried out as soon as possible after damage/failure is reported Corrective – repairs prioritized and scheduled to meet performance targets subject to resource constraints “Worst-first” – limited number of repairs each year, but backlog exists Deferred maintenance – little or no work performed annually This agency does not maintain sidewalks Other: 5. Who maintains the sidewalks after they are built or installed? (Check all that apply.) Organization Conducting Work Does the Selected Organization Have Management Responsibility for What Work to Perform? Your agency Yes No Private contractor (outsourced) Yes No Another level of government (e.g., inter- governmental agreement) Yes No Other: Yes No

183 6. How do you m easure the perform ance of sidewalks? (Check all that apply.) For selected perform ance m easures, indicate also the frequency of data collection/computation. PHYSICAL CONDITION: Structural condition (e.g., cracks, surface irregularities ) Surface type and width Com pliance with ADA require me nts Vegetation encroach me nt Debris accu mu lation Quality of painted ma rkings (if any) Other: If you use a m easure of physical condition, you gather this inform ation: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially A GE P ERFORMANCE /H EALTH I NDE X , which is based on: If you use an index, you com pute this index: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially Q UALITATIVE R ATING S : e.g., Good-Fair-Poor, based on: Structural condition (e.g., cracks, surface irregularities ) Surface type and width Com pliance with ADA require me nts Vegetation encroach me nt Debris accu mu lation Quality of painted ma rkings (if any) Other: If you use a qualitative rating, you gather inform ation for this rating: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially A SSET V ALUE , in dollars If you use asset value, you com pute this value: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS—number/frequency C USTOMER S URVEYS If you use custom er surveys, you conduct these surveys: More than once a year Annually Biennially Less frequently than biennially O THER : Frequency of me asure me nt:

184 7. Wh at me thods are used to collect and analyze inform ation on sidewalk condition? (Check all that apply. If appropriate, please identify specific device or product technology used by your agency.) Visual inspections Photologging, videologging: Physical m easure me nt: Non-destructive testing: Custo me r satisfaction surveys Custo me r com plaints Other: No inform ation is collected for these assets 8. If you use service lives (or deterioration rates ) in your ma nage me nt of sidewalks, how are their values determ ined ? (Check all that apply.) As part of ma nage me nt system or analytical m odel developm ent for sidewalks As a component of agency life-cycle-performance or -cost analyses comparing sidewalk products From agency experience: e.g., database of historical sidewalk service lives Obtained from literature Agency professional judgm ent Manufacturer’s data Other (describe briefly): The agency does not use service life inform ation for sidewalks 9. Wh at is your agency’s estim ate of service life of side walks? Please enter inform ation for the ma jor com ponents and ma terials used by your agency. Enter data only for com ponents and ma terials that your agency uses; if there is no estimate of service life for an item used by your agency please enter “None.” For components/materials not used by your agency, leave the Service Life field blank. Sidewalks Curbs Corners (Urban Roads) Type or Material Service Life, yrs Type or Material Service Life, yrs Type or Material Service Life, yrs Concrete Concrete Concrete curbs Asphalt Asphalt Granite curbs Brick or block Granite block Curb with concrete ra mp Gravel, crushed rock Other: Curb with stone or brick ra mp Other: Other: Other:

185 10. How do you determine where a sidewalk is in its service life? (Prioritize responses: 1 = most important or most widely used; 2, 3, … ≥ declining importance or prevalence of use.) Compare its age with the maximum age that defines service life Apply deterioration models to estimate where the asset is on “the curve” Monitor condition as described in Item 7 periodically every months Monitor condition as described in Item 7 occasionally Assets are repaired or replaced as soon as they fail without regard to service life Service life is often determined more by functional obsolescence (e.g., need to meet new ADA requirements) than by wear-and-tear This agency does not use/does not monitor service life for this type of asset Other: 11. Has your agency estimated the extension in service life (or improvement in condition) for this asset resulting from maintenance or rehabilitation actions? Yes No If Yes, please provide examples of these data (or attach or fax a copy of this information):

186 12. Wh at inform ation technology capabilities exist to help ma nage your agency’s sidewalks? (Check all that apply.) Inventory/database containing: Nu mb er/quantity of asset Location of these assets (e.g., route- mi lepost, reference point-offset, intersection) GPS coordinates Condition of these assets/current perform ance level Photograph Usage, traffic volum e Asset age Dates of inspections/condition assessm ents Anticipated service life (lives) Deterioration m odels Treatm ent selection/tim ing using: Established ma intenance schedule Reco mme ndations of inspectors Decision rules or “trees” based on forecast condition Benefit-cost procedures in life-cycle analyses Other optim ization procedures for selecting treatm ents and their tim ing Cost m odels for ma intenance, im prove me nt, and replacem ent treatm ents Tracking of public co mme nts/concerns/agency responses Models predicting impacts of asset condition to the public (e.g., improved safety, environmental impact) GIS interface GIS-based ma ps, reports Perform ance m easure me nt/dashboards/accountability reporting Historical database for tracking costs, condition, etc., and/or estim ating deterioration m odels Other: NONE OF THE ABOVE (skip next response; go directly to item 13) Most or all of the capabilities identified above are: Organized within a sidewalk ma nage me nt system Organized within a broad-based ma nage me nt system (e.g., for ma intenance or asset ma nage me nt) that includes sidewalks as well as other assets Contained within si mp le progra ms that address sidewalks Contained within worksheets or spreadsheets that address sidewalks Part of other products/procedures (describe briefly):

187 13. Maintaining sidewalks in good condition is important to several transportation objectives below. Please indicate the relative priority you assign to these objectives (1 = most important, then 2, 3, … n for the number that apply to your agency): More efficient travel; reduced travel time; congestion mitigation Pedestrian and cyclist safety; accident and accident risk reduction Pedestrian and cyclist comfort and convenience Increased accessibility to public transit or commuter bus or rail Increased accessibility to employment, school, shopping, and other social functions Improved air quality Local aesthetics and appeal Other: 14. What are the major gaps in knowledge impeding better asset management for sidewalks? 15. What research needs to be done to improve the validity of service life estimates for sidewalks? You have completed Part 6. Thank you!

188 PART 7. CONCLUDING QUESTIONS 1. Are the assets addressed in this survey included in a comprehensive asset management approach used by your agency? Yes No If Yes, please describe briefly or attach a description of your asset management program, including how programming decisions for the select asset classes are integrated. 2. Beyond the specific gaps in knowledge identified in Question 14 of Parts 1 through 6, are there major overarching gaps in knowledge or organizational and institutional issues that are impeding better asset management for the assets addressed in this survey? 3. Beyond the specific research suggested in your agency’s responses to Question 15 in Parts 1 through 6, are there broader research topics that, if addressed, would help support better asset management for the types of assets addressed in this survey? 4. Are there other assets besides the six in this survey (excluding pavements and bridges) for which your agency has developed management approaches that include service life estimates, prediction of future condition, and prediction of future resource needs? Yes No If Yes, please describe briefly or attach a description of the management techniques used for these other assets. 5. If there are aspects of this survey that you would like to discuss further by e-mail or phone, please indicate so here. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS STUDY!