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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23255.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23255.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23255.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23255.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23255.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23255.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23255.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23255.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23255.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23255.
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177 References 1. Lee, J., Maleck, T., and Taylor, W., "Pavement Marking Material Evaluation Study in Michigan." ITE Journal, (1999) 2. Migletz, J., Graham, L. J., Harwood, D. W., Bauer, M. K., and Sterner, P. L., "Evaluation of All- Weather Pavement Markings." FHWA C1038/3524-04, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), (2000) 3. Cottrell, B. H. and Hanson, R. A., "Determining the Effectiveness of Pavement Marking Materials Final Report." VTRC 01-R9, Virginia Transportation Research Council, (2001) 4. "Web-Based Encyclopedia." National Center for Statistics & Analysis National Center for Statistics & Analysis, (2005) 5. "The Pearl Harbor Attack, 7 December 1941." Naveal Historical Center (2005) 6. "September 11, 2001 Attacks." Wikipedia (2005) 7. Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., "The Handbook of Road Safety Measures." Elsevier, (2004) 8. Migletz, J. and Graham, J., "Long-Term Pavement Marking Practices." National Cooperative Highway Research Program Synthesis 306, Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Board, (2002) 9. Andrady, A. L., "Pavement Marking Materials: Assessing Environment-Friendly Performance- NCHRP Report 392." Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Record, (1997) 10. Gates, J. T., Hawkins G.H, and Rose, E. R., "Effective Pavement Marking Materials and Applications for Portland Cement Concrete Roadways." FHWA/TX-03/4150-2, Texas Transportation Institute, (2003) 11. McGinnis, "Pavement Markings Benchmarking." FHWA-PA-2001-027-97-04(83), (10-20-2001) 12. Ahmad, I., Najafi, T. F., Benham, L. J., Lancaster, P., and Sadeghinia, M., "Methods of Application and Bonding Strengths of Thermoplastic Pavement Markings: A Comparison Between Concrete and Asphalt Roadway Surfaces." Methods of Application and Bonding Strengths of Thermoplastic Pavement Markings: A comparison between Concrete and Asphalt Roadway Surfaces, (2001) 13. Ahmad, I., Najafi, T. F., Benham, L. J., Lancaster, P., and Sadeghinia, M., "Methods of Application and Bonding Strengths of Thermoplastic Pavement Markings: A Comparison Between Concrete and Asphalt Roadway Surfaces." Methods of Application and Bonding Strengths of Thermoplastic Pavement Markings: A comparison between Concrete and Asphalt Roadway Surfaces, (2004) 14. Thamizharasan, A., Sarasua, W. A., Clarke, D. B., and Davis, W. J., "A Methodology for Estimating the Lifecycle of Interstate Highway Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity." No. TRB

178 Paper Number: 03-3867, Washington, D.C., 83rd Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (2003) 15. Migletz J., Graham L, J., Bauer M.K, Harwood W.D, Transportation Research Board, and National Research Council, "Field Surveys of Pavement-Marking Retroreflectivity." Paper No. 99-0825, (2004) pp. 71-78. 16. Loetterle, F. E., Beck, R. A., and Carlson, J., "Public Perception of Pavement-Marking Brightness." Transportation Research Record 1715 - Paper No. 00-1473, (2004) pp. 51-59. 17. Parker, A. N. and Meja, J. S. M., "Evaluation of the Performance of Permanent Pavement Markings." Washington, D.C., 82nd Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (2003) 18. Migletz J., Graham L, J., Bauer M.K, and Harwood W.D, "Field Surveys of Pavement-Marking Retroreflectivity." Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. Transportation Research Record 1657, No. Paper No. 99-0825, (1999) pp. 71-78. 19. European Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research, "COST 331 Requirements for Horizontal Road Marking." Final Report of the Action, Belgium, European Communities, (1999) 20. Scheuer, M., Maleck, T., and Lighthizer, D. R., "Paint-Line Retroreflectivity Over Time." Transportation Research Record 1585, (1997) 21. TransTech Management Inc., "Synthesis of Practice for AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program NCHRP 20-7 Task 143 Draft Report." (7-7-2001) 22. NTPEP, "Project Work Plan for the Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials." (6-19-2004) 23. "National Transportation Product Evaluation Program." http://www.ntpep.org (2004) 24. NTPEP, "NTPEP Executive Overview Presentation." (2004) 25. NTPEP, "Utah NTPEP Test Deck Overview Presentation." (2004) 26. Highway Innovative Technology Center, "Summary of Evaluation Findings for 30-Meter Handheld and Mobile Pavement Marking Retroreflectometers." CERF #40525, (3-1-2001) 27. Clarke, D. B., Sarasua, W. A., Collins, J. C., Tropea, J. L., Pfaller, A. J., and Davis, W. J., "Measurement and Evaluation of Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity: South Carolina's Experience." No. TRB Paper Number: 01-3491, Washington, D.C., 79th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (2000) pp. 1-24. 28. Flicek, J. M., Oulevski, V., Morena, J., Maleck, T., and Long, C. D., "Development of a Profiled Pavement Marking System Investigation of the Dry/Wet Retroreflectivity and Durability of Pavement Markings Placed in Milled Rumble Strips." Washington, D.C., 83rd Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (2004)

179 29. FHWA and Safety and Design, "Minimum Maintained Retroreflectivity Guideline Status." (12- 12-2002) pp. B-1-B-7. 30. Abboud, N. and Bowman, B. L., "Establishing a Crash-Based Retroreflectivity Threshold." Washington, D.C., 81st Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (2002) 31. Taylor, J. I., McGee, H. W., Seguin, E. L., and Hostetter, R. S., "Roadway Delineation Systems." National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 300, Washington, D.C., Highway Research Board - National Research Council, (1972) 32. Zwahlen, H. T. and Schnell, T., "Driver Eye-Scanning Behavior as Function of Pavement Marking Configuration." Transportation Research Record 1605, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, (1997) pp. 62-72. 33. Zwahlen, H. T. and Schnell, T., "Visibility of New Centerline and Edge Line Pavement Markings as a Function of Line Width and Material Retro-reflectivity." Washington, D.C., 76th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (1997) 34. Molino, J. A., Opiela, K. S., Anderson, C. K., and Moyer, M. J., "Relative Luminance of Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers and Pavement Marking Strips Rural Two-Lane Roads." Washington, D.C., 82nd Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (2003) pp. 1-17. 35. Molino, J. A., Katz, B. J., Duke, D. A., Opiela, K. S., Anderson, C. K., and Moyer, M. J., "Field Validation for the Relative Effectiveness of Combinations of Pavement Markings and Retroreflectivity Raised Pavement Markers in Recognizing Curves at Night." Washington, D.C., 83rd Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (2004) 36. Molino, J. A., Opiela, K. S., Anderson, C. K., and Moyer, M. J., "Relative Luminance of Center Line vs. Edge Line Pavement Markings on Simulated Rural Two-Lane Roads at Night." Washington, D.C., 83rd Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (2004) 37. Mestre, D. R., "Visual factors in driving." Chapter 7 in Human Factors for Highway Engineers (Fuller, R. and Santos, J. A., ed.), Amsterdam, Pergamon, (2002) pp. 99-114. 38. Ullman, G. L., "Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers: A Two-year Field Evaluation in Texas." TX-94/1946-3F, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, TX, (1994) pp. 1-80. 39. Aktan, F. and Schnell, T., "Performance Evaluation of Pavement Markings under Dry, Wet and Rainy Conditions in the Field." Washington, D.C., 83rd Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (2004) 40. Schnell, T., Aktan, F., and Lee, Y., "Nighttime Visibility and Retroreflectance of Pavement Markings under Dry, Wet and Rainy Conditions." Vol. Paper No: 03-3857, Washington, D.C., 82nd Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (2003) 41. Gibbons, R. B., Hankey, J., and Pashaj, I., "The Wet Night Visibility of Pavement Markings." CTRC 04-CR, Charlottesville, Virginia, Virginia Transportation Research Council, (2004)

180 42. "Maintenance Manual." http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/maint/manual/maintman.htm Vol. 1, State of California Department of Transportation, (1998) 43. "Minnesota Statewide Transportation Plan." http://www.dot.state.mn.us/information/plans/20yearplan/plan.html Minnesota Department of Transportation, (2003) 44. Lee, H., Cody, R. D., Cody, A. M., and Spry, P. G., "Effects of Various Deicing Chemicals on Pavement Concrete Deterioration." Iowa State University, Mid-Continent Transportation Symposium, (2000) 45. Boselly, S. E., "Benefit/Cost Study of RWIS and Anti-icing Technologies." NCHRP Report No. 20-7(117), TRB National Research Council, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, (2001) 46. Nixon, W. A., "The Use of Abrasives in Winter Maintenance: Final Report of Project TR 434." IIHR Technical Report No. 416, Iowa City, Iowa, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, (2001) 47. Cottrell, B. H., "Investigation of the Impact of Snow Removal Activities on Pavement Markings in Virginia." FHWA/VA-96-R3, (1995) 48. "Road Lighting Calculations." CIE 140-2000, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, (2000) 49. Wilken, D., Ananthanarayanan, B., Hasson, P., Lutkevichm, P. J., Watson, C. P., Burkett, K., Arens, J., Havard, J., and Unick, J., "European Road Lighting Technologies." FHWA-PL-01-03, Federal Highway Administration, (2001) 50. Khan M.H., Senadheera, S., Gransber, D. D., and Stempork, R., "Influence of Pavement Surface Characteristics on Nighttime Visibility of Objects." Paper No. 99-0728, (1999) pp. 39-48. 51. Zwahlen, H. T. and Schnell T, "Minimum In-Service Retroreflectivity of Pavement Markings." Paper No. 00-1479 - Transportation Research Record, (2004) pp. 60-70. 52. Migletz, J., Fish, J. K., and Graham, J. L., "Roadway Delineation Practices Handbook." FHWA- SA-93-001, Washington, DC, Federal Highway Administration, US Department of Transportation, (1994) 53. Dewar, R. E., "Roadway Design." Chapter 12 in Human Factors in Traffic Safety ( Tuscon, AZ, Lawyers & Judges Publishing Company, Inc., (2002) pp. 381-420. 54. Johnston, I. R., "The Effects of Roadway Delineation on Curve Negotiation by Both Sober and Drinking Drivers." Australian Road Research Board Research Report No. 128, (1983) 55. Zwahlen, H. T. and Schnell T, "Minimum In-Service Retroreflectivity of Pavement Markings." Transportation Research Record 1715, Vol. Paper No. 00-1479 - Transportation Research Record, (1995) pp. 60-70.

181 56. Willis, P. A., Scott, P. P., and Barnes, J. W., "Road edgelining and accidents: an experiment in South-West England." TRRL 1117, Transport and Road Research laboratory, (1984) 57. van Driel, C. J. G. and Davidse, R. J. v. M. M. F. A. M., "The effects of an edgeline on speed and lateral position: a meta-analysis." Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 36, (2004) pp. 671-682. 58. Potters Industries Inc. and Carlstadt, N. J., "Tests of Stripping Effectiveness on Two-Lane Rural Roads." Potters Industries, Inc., (1972) 59. Road Marking Industry Group, "The South Yorkshire Test of the Use of Edgelines in Reducing Accidents." Road Marking Industry Group, (1977) 60. Charnock, D. B. and Chessell, C. A. B., "Carriageway Edgelining & the Effect on Road Safety, Report of a Two Year Study in East Sussex." 8th IRF World Meeting, (1977) 61. Glennon C.J., "Accident Effects of Centerline Markings On Low-Volume Rural Roads." Washington, D.C, 64th Annual Meeting Transportation Research Board, (1985) 62. Woods, L. D., "Benefit-Cost of Roadway Markings on Low-Volume, Two-Lane Highways." Washington, D.C, 69th Annual Meeting Transportation Research Board, (2004) 63. Bahar, G., Mollett, C., Persaud, B., Lyon, C., Smiley, A., Smahel, T., and McGee, H., "Safety Evaluation of Permanent Raised Pavement Markers." National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 518, Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Board, (2004) 64. Harwood W.D, Blackburn, R. R., Kibler, D. F., and Kulakowski, B. T., "Estimation of Wet Pavement Exposure from Available Weather Records." Transportation Research Record 1172, (1988) pp. 32-41. 65. Potters Industries Inc., "Road Markings As An Alcohol Countermeasure in Traffic Safety: A Field Test of Standard and Wide Edgelines." (1981) 66. Hall, W. J., "Bureau of Engineering Research Evaluation of Wide Edgelines." FHWA-NMSHD- 86-1, Albuquerque, New Mexico, The University of New Mexico, (1986) 67. Cottrell, B. H., "The Effects of Wide Edgelines on Lateral Placement and Speed on Two-Lane Rural Roads." Charlottesville, Virginia, Virginia Highway & Transportation Research Council, (1985) 68. McKnight, A. S., McKnight, A. J., and Tippetts, A. S., "The effect of lane line width and contrast upon lanekeeping." Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 30, No. 5, (1998) pp. 617-624. 69. Comfort, G., "Wet Runway Friction: Literature and Information Review." TP 14002E, (2001) 70. Filcek, J. M., Oulevski, V., Morena, J., Maleck, T., and Long, C. D., "Development of a Profiled Pavement Marking System Investigation of the Dry/Wet Retroreflectivity and Durability of Pavement Markings Placed in Milled Rumble Strips." Washington, D.C., 83rd Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (2004)

182 71. Federal Highway Administration and US Department of Transportation, "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) - Millenium Edition (Part 3 - Markings)." Washington, DC, Federal Highway Administration; US Department of Transportation, (2000) 72. Migletz, J., Fish, J. K., and Graham, J. L., "Roadway Delineation Practices Handbook." FHWA- SA-93-001, Washington, DC, Federal Highway Administration, US Department of Transportation, (1994) 73. Bahar, G., Mollett, C., Persaud, B., Lyon, C., Smiley, A., Smahel, T., and McGee, H., "Safety Evaluation of Raised Pavement Markers." Final Report Project 5-17, Washington, D.C., National Cooperative Highway Research Program, (2004) 74. Migletz, J., Fish, J. K., and Graham, J. L., "Roadway Delineation Practices Handbook." FHWA- SA-93-001, Washington, DC, Federal Highway Administration, US Department of Transportation, (1994) 75. Bahar, G., Mollett, C., Persaud, B., Lyon, C., Smiley, A., Smahel, T., and McGee, H., "Safety Evaluation of Permanent Raised Pavement Markers." Interim Report NCHRP Project 5-17, Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Board, (2003) 76. Li, N., Tighe, S., and Haas, R., "Incorporating Road Safety and Accidents Prediction into Pavement Management." Regina, Saskatchewan, 1998 Annual Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada, (1998) 77. Cambridge Systematics, I., Cambridge, M., Parson Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, I., Roy Jorgensen Associates, I., and Thompson D.P., "Phase 1 Report Task 2 of 3 Asset Management Framework." National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, (2002) 78. Cambridge Systematics, I., Cambridge, M., Parson Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, I., Roy Jorgensen Associates, I., and Thompson D.P., "Phase 1 Report, Task 3 of 3 Recommended Research Program." National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, (2002) 79. Cambridge Systematics, I., Cambridge, M., Parson Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, I., Roy Jorgensen Associates, I., and Thompson D.P., "Phase 1 Report Task 1 of 3: Synthesis of Asset Management Practice." National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, (2002) 80. Freeman J.T., "Pavement Management Catalog, Pavement Management Software, Data Collection Equipment." Vol. 2002, U.S Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, (2002) 81. Lozier, C. W., Kimberlin, E. M., and Grant, L. R., "A Case Study in Highway Maintenance Management: Ohio's County Work Plans." Washington, D.C., 81st Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, (2003) 82. Lee, J., Maleck, T., and Taylor, W., "Pavement Marking Material Evaluation Study in Michigan." Pavement Markings Material Evaluation in Michigan, (1999)

183 83. Graham, J., Harrold, J. K., and King, L. E., "Pavement Markings Retroreflectivity Requirements for Older Drivers." Transportation Research Record 1529, (2004) pp. 65-70. 84. Parker A.N and Meja J.S.M, "Evaluation of Performance of Permanent Pavement Markings - 1824." Transportation Research Record 1824, Paper No. 03-2857, (2004) pp. 123-132. 85. Road Marking Industry Group, "The South Yorkshire Test of the use of Edgelines in Reducing Accidents." Road Marking Industry Group, (1977) 86. Potters Industries Inc., "Pavement Edge Markings Reduce Accident Rates." Michigan Highway Department, (10-29-1982) pp. 31-33. 87. Kugle, C. L., Pendleton, O. J., and Von Tress, M. S., "An Evaluation of the Accident Reduction Effectiveness of Raised Pavement Markers." College Station, TX, Texas Transportation Institute, (1984) pp. 1-27. 88. New York State Department of Transportation, "Raised Reflectorized Snowplowable Pavement Markers: A Report to the Governor." Albany, NY, New York State Department of Transportation, (1997) pp. 1-88. 89. Orth-Rodgers Associates Inc., "Safety and Congestion Management Research and Advanced Technology Applications - Final Report (Technical Assistance to the RPM Task Force)." Research Work Order Number 1, Philadelphia, PA, Orth-Rodgers Associates Inc., (1998) pp. 1- 20. 90. Mak, K. K., Chira-Chavala, T., and Griffin, L. I., "Evaluation of the Safety Effects of Raised Pavement Markers." College Station, TX, Texas Transportation Institute, (1987) 91. Anderson, B., "Phone conversation with Bryce Anderson, Chairman of the Board, Ennis Paint Inc." (12-21-0005) 92. Hauer, E., Terry, D., and Griffith, M. S., "Effect of Resurfacing on Safety of Two-Lane Rural Roads in New York State." Transportation Research Record 1467, (1994) pp. 30-37. 93. Rice, J. A., "Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis." Pacific Grove, California, Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Advanced Books & Software, (1988) 94. Transportation Research Board, "Jackknife Testing - An Experimental Approach to Refine Model Calibration and Validation." 283, (4) pp. 1-12. 95. Louisiana Department of Transportation & Development and South Carolina Department of Transportation, "AASHTO'S National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: Report of Summary of Results of 1997 Pavement Marking Materials; Volume II Laboratory Evaluations (1997 Alabama Test Deck)." Report 98 NTPEP 146, Washington, DC, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (1998) 96. Alabama Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: Two Year Results of Field Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials (1997 Alabama

184 Test Deck)." Report 99 NTPEP 162, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2000) 97. California Department of Transportation, New York State Department of Transportation, and Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: 2000 NTPEP Pavement Marking Second Year Field Performance History and Lab Test Results on Select Products (2000 Urban, California Test Deck)." NTPEP Report 1018.2, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2002) 98. Minnesota Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Product Evaluation Program: One Year Results of the 1997 Fields and Laboratory Evaluations of Pavement Markings Applied on Pavements in Minnesota, '97-'98 Field Evaluations." Report 98, NTPEP 148, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (1999) 99. Minnesota Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: Two Year Results of Field Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials, 1997 Minnesota Test Deck at Mn/Road Research Facility." Report 99 NTPEP 157, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (1999) 100. Mississippi State University and Mississippi Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: First Year Interim Report on Field Performance Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials (1999 Mississippi Test Deck)." Report 00 NTPEP 205, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2000) 101. Mississippi Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: Second Year and Final Report of Field Performance Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials (1999 Mississippi Test Deck)." Report 02 NTPEP 220, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2002) 102. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: NTPEP Second Year and Final Report of Field Performance Evaluations of Pavement Marking Materials (2000 Pennsylvania Test Deck)." NTPEP Report 1019.2, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2002) 103. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Louisiana Department of Transportation & Development, and New York State Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: First Year Field Performance & Laboratory Test Results of Pavement Marking Materials: 2000 Pennsylvania Deck." Report 02 NTPEP 221, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2002) 104. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, New York State Department of Transportation, and Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: First Year Summary of Results of 1998 Coordinated Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials: Volume 1-Field Evaluations (Pennsylvania Test Deck)." Report 99

185 NTPEP 153, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (1999) 105. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: Second Year and Final Report of Field Performance Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials (1998 Pennsylvania Test Deck)." Report 00 NTPEP 203, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2000) 106. Texas Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: Second Year and Final Report of Field Performance Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials (1998 Texas Test Deck)." Report 00 NTPEP 212, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2001) 107. Texas Department of Transportation, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, New York State Department of Transportation, and Washington State Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: First Year Evaluation & Laboratory Test Results of Pavement Marking Materials (1998 Texas Test Deck)." Report 99 NTPEP 164, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2000) 108. Utah Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: First Year Field Performance & Lab Test Results (2001 Utah Test Deck)." NTPEP Report 1020.1, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2003) 109. Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Kansas Department of Transportation, and New York State Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: First Year Interim Report on Field Performance Evaluation and Lab Test Results of Pavement Marking Materials (1999 Wisconsin Test Deck)." Report 00 NTPEP 214, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2001) 110. Wisconsin Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: Report of Two Year Results of Field Evaluations of Pavement Marking Materials 1999 Wisconsin Test Deck." Report 02 NTPEP 219, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2002) 111. Georgia Department of Transportation and Florida Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: Laboratory and Field Evaluations of Permanent Non-Plowable Raised Pavement Markers, Georgia Test Deck." NTPEP Report 4005.2, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2002) 112. Maryland Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: Second Year and Final Report of Laboratory and Field Performance Evaluations of Snow Plowable Raised Pavement Markers (2001 Maryland Test Deck)." NTPEP Report 5006.1, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2004)

186 113. Ohio Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, and Georgia Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: Laboratory and Field Evaluations of Snow Plowable Raised Pavement Markers." Final Report 2001 NTPEP 5003.2, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2002) 114. AASHTO, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: NTPEP - Second Year and Final Report of Laboratory and Field Performance Evaluations of Snow Plowable Raised Pavement Markers (2000 Ohio Test Deck)." NTPEP Report 5005.2, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2002) 115. Ohio Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, and Georgia Department of Transportation, "AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program: Laboratory and Field Evaluations of Snow Plowable Rasied Pavement Markers." Final Report 2000 NTPEP, Washington, D.C., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), (2000) 116. "Building America Climate Regions by Counties of the United States." http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/climate_zones.html No. Version 2, U.S. Department of Energy, (2003) 117. Kuniega, D., "Phone conversation with David Kuniega, Chairman of NTPEP Pavement Marking Material Project Panel." (8-1-2005) 118. "Astronomical Applications Department." http://aa.usno.navy.mil/ Vol. U.S.Naval Observatory, (2005) 119. Musick, J. V., "Effect of Pavement Edge Marking on Two-Lane Rural State Highways in Ohio." Highway Research Board Bulletin 266, (1960)

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TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 92, Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time examines the safety effect of retroreflectivity of longitudinal pavement markings and markers over time on non-intersection locations during non-daylight conditions. A summry of this report is available as NCHRP Research Results Digest 305: Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Testing the Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety.

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