A Guide for Reducing Collisions at Signalized Intersections (2004)

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VII-1 SECTION VII Key References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. Washington, D.C. 2001. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities. Washington, D.C. 1999. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Highway Drainage Guidelines. Vols. 1–11. Washington, D.C. 1993. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Roadside Design Guide. Washington, D.C. 1996. Bauer, K. M., and D. W. Harwood. Statistical Models of At-Grade Intersection Accidents. Report No. FHWA-RD-96-125. Federal Highway Administration. Washington, DC. November 1996. Bloch, Steven A. “A Comparative Study of the Speed Reduction Effects of Photo-Radar and Speed Display Boards.” Paper presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. January, 1998. Washington, DC. Bonneson, J., and M. Fontaine. Evaluating Intersection Improvements: An Engineering Study Guide. NCHRP Report 457. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 2001. Available online at http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/nchrp/esg/esg.pdf (last accessed May 20, 2004). Box, Paul C., and Paul E. Basha. “A Study of Accidents with Lead versus Lag Left-Turn Phasing.” ITE Journal. May 2003. Bureau of Transport Economics. The Black Spot Program 1996–2002: An Evaluation of the First Three Years. Canberra, Australia. 2001. Available online at http://www.bte.gov.au/docs/r104/htm/contents.htm (last accessed May 20, 2004). Collura, J., J. Chang, E. Willhaus, and J. Gifford. “Traffic Signal Preemption and Priority: Technologies, Past Deployments, and System Requirements.” Conference Proceedings. Intelligent Transportation Society of America (ITS America) Annual Meeting. June, 2001. Compton, R. P., and E. V. Milton. Safety Impact of Permitting Right-Turn-On-Red. Publication No. HS-808 200. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Washington, D.C. December 1994. Dixon, K; J. Hibbard; and H. Nyman. “Right-Turn Treatment for Signalized Intersections,” Urban Street Symposium, Dallas, Texas, June 28–30 1999. Conference sponsored by the Transportation Research Board. Available online at http://www.mackblackwell.org/research/finals/arc9012/righturn.pdf (last accessed May 20, 2004). Federal Highway Administration. Guidance for Using Red Light Cameras. Washington, D.C. 2003. Available online at http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/rlcguide/index.htm (last accessed May 20, 2004).

SECTION VII—KEY REFERENCES VII-2 Federal Highway Administration. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways. FHWA. Washington, D.C. 2003. Federal Highway Administration. MUTCD 2000: Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways: Millennium Edition. Washington, D.C. 2000. Federal Highway Administration. Safety Applications of ITS in Rural Areas. Washington, D.C. 2002. Available online at http://www.itsdocs.fhwa.dot.gov//JPODOCS/REPTS_TE//13609.html (last accessed May 20, 2004). Federal Highway Administration. Safety Effectiveness of Intersection Left-and Right-Turn Lanes, Tech Brief, Report No. FHWA-RD-02-089, McLean, Virginia, 2002. Federal Highway Administration. Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide. In press. Fitzpatrick, K., K. Balke, D. Harwood, and I. Anderson. Accident Mitigation Guide for Congested Rural Two-Lane Highways. NCHRP Report 440. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 2000. Fleck, J., and B. Lee. “Safety Evaluation of Right Turn on Red.” ITE Journal. Volume 72. Issue 6. 2002. Pp. 46–48. Gallagher, V. P. New Directions in Roadway Lighting. Report No. FHWA-TS-80-223. Illuminating Engineering Society. FHWA, Washington, DC. 1980. Gluck, J., H. S. Levinson, and V. Stover. Impacts of Access Management Techniques. NCHRP Report 420. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1999. Hanna, J. T., T. E. Flynn, and W. L. Tyler, “Characteristics of Intersection Accidents in Rural Municipalities,” Transportation Research Record 601, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1976. Harwood, D. W. Use of Rumble Strips to Enhance Safety. NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice 191. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 1993. Harwood, D. W., F. M. Council, E. Hauer, W. E. Hughes, and A. Vogt. Prediction of the Expected Safety Performance of Rural Two-Lane Highways. Report No. FHWA-RD-99-207. Federal Highway Administration. 1999. Harwood, D. W., et al. Safety Effectiveness of Intersection Left- and Right-Turn Lanes, FHWA-RD-02-089, July 2002. Available online at http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/02089/index.htm (last accessed May 20, 2004). Harwood, D. W., J. M. Mason, R. E. Brydia, M. T. Pietrucha, and G. L. Gittings. Intersection Sight Distance. NCHRP Report 383. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1996. Harwood, D. W., M. T. Pietrucha, M. D. Wooldridge, R. E. Brydia, and K. Fitzpatrick. Median Intersection Design. NCHRP Report 375. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1995. Highway Capacity Manual. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 2000. Institute of Transportation Engineers. Automated Enforcement in Transportation. Washington, D.C. December 1999a.

SECTION VII—KEY REFERENCES Institute of Transportation Engineers. Determining Vehicle Signal Change and Clearance Intervals. Washington, D.C. 1994. Institute of Transportation Engineers. Guidelines for Prohibition of Turns on Red. Washington D.C. 1986. Institute of Transportation Engineers. Preemption of Traffic Signals At or Near Railroad Grade Crossings with Active Warning Devices. Washington, D.C. 1997. Institute of Transportation Engineers. Traffic Safety Toolbox: A Primer on Traffic Safety. Washington, D.C. 1999b. Jack E. Leisch and Associates. Planning and Design Guide: At-Grade Intersections. 1990. Kallberg, V-P, and Ranta, S. “Impacts of Urban Speed-Reducing Measures.” 2nd International Symposium on Highway Geometric Design. 2000. Pp. 93–109. Kay, J. L., J. C. Allen, and J. M. Bruggerman. Evaluation of First-Generation UTCS/BPS Control Strategy. FHWA-RD-75-26 through 28. FHWA, Washington, D.C. 1975. Knapp, K. K. “Traffic-Calming Basics.” Civil Engineering. Volume 70. Issue 1. 2000. Pp. 46–49. Korve, H. Traffic Signal Operation near Highway-Grade Crossings. NCHRP Synthesis 271. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 1999. Koupi, P. A., and A. M. Kothari. Recommended Guidelines for Protected/Permissive Left-Turn Phasing. Conference Proceedings, Institute of Transportation Engineers Annual Meeting. 1999. Kuciemba, S. R., and J. A. Cirillo. Safety Effectiveness of Highway Design Features, Volume V: Intersections. Report No. FHWA-RD-91-048. Federal Highway Administration. November 1992. Larsen, J. H. “Develop Your Own In-House Public Relations Program.” ITE Journal. Volume 61. No. 1. January 1991. Lin, F. B. “Right-Turn-on-Red Characteristics and Use of Auxiliary Right-Turn Lanes.” Transportation Research Record 1010. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1985. Lunenfeld, H. “Human Factors Associated with Interchange Design Features,” Transportation Research Record 1385, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1993. McCoy, P., P. Byrd, G. Pesti, and V. Singh. “Improving Sight Distance from Opposing Left-Turn Lanes.” Institute of Transportation Engineers Annual Meeting. 1999. McGee, H. Making Intersections Safer: A Toolbox of Engineering Countermeasures to Reduce Red- Light Running. Federal Highway Administration and Institute of Transportation Engineers. 2003. Available online at http://www.ite.org/library/redlight/MakingInt_Safer.pdf (last accessed May 20, 2004). Migletz, J., Fish, J. K., and J. K. Graham. Roadway Delineation Practices Handbook. Report No. FHWA-SA-93-001. Federal Highway Administration. Washington, D.C. August 1994. Neuman, T. R. Intersection Channelization Design Guide. NCHRP Report 279. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1985. Pline, J. L. Left-Turn Treatments at Intersections. NCHRP Synthesis 225. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1996. VII-3

Pline, J. L. Traffic Engineering Handbook. Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington, DC. 1999. Popolizio, Rudolph E. “New York City’s Red Light Camera Demonstration.” 1995 Compendium of Technical Papers. Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington, DC. 1995. Rakha, H. A. Medina, H. Sin, F. Dion, M. Van Aerde, and J. Jenq. “Traffic Signal Coordination across Jurisdictional Boundaries: Field Evaluation of Efficiency, Energy, Environmental, and Safety Impacts.” Transportation Research Record 1727. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 2000. Retting, R., J. Chapline, and A. Williams. Changes in Crash Risk Following Retiming of Signal Change Intervals. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, VA. September 2000. Retting, R., and M. Greene. “Influence of Traffic Signal Timing on Red-Light Running and Potential Vehicle Conflicts at Urban Intersections.” Transportation Research Record 1595. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1997. Retting, R., M. Nitzburg, C. Farmer, and R. Knoblauch. “Field Evaluation of Two Methods for Restricting Right Turns on Red to Promote Pedestrian Safety.” ITE Journal. Volume 72. Issue 1. 2002. Pp. 32–36. Retting, R. A., A. F. Williams, C. M. Farmer, and A. F. Feldman. “Evaluation of Red Light Camera Enforcement in Fairfax, Va., USA.” ITE Journal. August 1999a. Retting, R. A., A. F. Williams, C. M. Farmer, and A. F. Feldman. “Evaluation of Red Light Camera Enforcement in Oxnard, California.” Accident Analysis and Prevention. 1999b. Robinson, B. W., et al. Roundabouts: An Informational Guide. Report No. FHWA-RD-00-067. Federal Highway Administration. June 2000. Available online at http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/00068.pdf (last accessed May 20, 2004). Shebeeb, O. “Safety and Efficiency for Exclusive Left-Turn Lanes at Signalized Intersections.” ITE Journal. July 1995. Stamatiadis, N., K. R. Agent, and A. Bizakis. “Guidelines for Left-Turn Phasing Treatment.” Transportation Research Record 1605. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1997. Staplin, L., K. Gish, L. Decina, K. Lococo, D. Harkey, M. Tarweneh, R. Lyles, D. Mace, and P. Garvey. Synthesis of Human Factors Research on Older Drivers and Highway Safety: Volume 2. Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-RD-97-095. Washington, D.C. October 1997. Staplin, L., K. Lococo, and S. Byington. Older Driver Highway Design Handbook. Report No. FHWA-RD-97-135. Federal Highway Administration. Washington, D.C. January 1998. Traffic Safety Facts 2002, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Available online at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSFAnn/TSF2002Final.pdf (last accessed May 20, 2004). Transportation Research Board. Access Management Manual. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 2003. Transportation Research Board. Special Report 254, Managing Speed: Review of Current Practice for Setting and Enforcing Speed Limits. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1998. SECTION VII—KEY REFERENCES VII-4

SECTION VII—KEY REFERENCES TranSafety, Inc., “Study Reports on the Effectiveness of Photo-Radar and Speed Display Boards.” USroads Web site. 1998. Available online at http://www.usroads.com/journals/p/rilj/9805/ri980504.htm (last accessed May 20, 2004). Twomey, J. M., Heckman, M. L., Hayward, J. C., and R. Zuk. “Accidents and Safety Associated with Interchanges.” Transportation Research Record 1385. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1993. Walker, R. A. “Coordination of Basic Intersection Design Elements: An Overview.” Transportation Research Record 1385. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1993. Pp. 51–59. Zador, P., H. Stein, S. Shapiro, and P. Tarnoff. “Effect of Signal Timing on Traffic Flow and Crashes at Signalized Intersections.” Transportation Research Record 1010. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 1985. VII-5