Training and Certification of Highway Maintenance Workers (2015)

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125 APPENDIX B Survey Questionnaire (Web-Only) This appendix is only provided in the version of the document published on the NCHRP website. The Transportation Research Board (TRB) is preparing a synthesis on Training and Certification of Highway Maintenance Workers. This is being done for NCHRP, under the sponsorship of the American Association of State Highway and Transpor- tation Officials, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration. The purpose of this questionnaire is to identify and summarize the training and certification practices used by state and provincial highway agencies for highway maintenance workers. The results of the survey will be incorporated into a synthesis of highway agency practice, with the intent of helping agencies evaluate and improve their current maintenance training and certification programs. This questionnaire is being sent to the voting member of the AASHTO Subcommittee on Maintenance for each state department of transportation and the Canadian provincial transportation agencies. You may want the assistance of the orga- nization’s Training Director to complete the survey. Directions on forwarding the survey are provided on the first page of the survey. Your cooperation in completing the questionnaire will ensure the success of this effort. If you are not the appropri- ate person at your organization to complete this questionnaire, please forward it to the correct person. Please compete and submit this survey by February 26, 2015. We estimate that it should take no more than 20 minutes to complete. It is designed so you can exit and return to the survey if you need to allocate your time over several days. If you have any questions or problems related to this questionnaire, please contact our principal investigator Ms. Katie Zimmerman at (217) 398-3977 or kzimmerman@appliedpavement.com. Questionnaire Instructions 1. To view and print the entire questionnaire. Select the following link and print using “control p.” //surveygizmolibrary. s3.amazonaws.com/library/64484/PrintableSurvey.pdf 2. To save your partial answers and complete the questionnaire later, Select the “Save and Continue Later” link in the upper right hand corner of your screen. A link to the incomplete questionnaire will be emailed to you from Sur- veyGizmo. To return to the questionnaire later, open the email from SurveyGizmo and select the link. We suggest using the “Save and Continue Later” feature if there will be more than 15 minutes of inactivity while the survey is opened, as some firewalls may terminate due to inactivity. 3. To pass a partially completed questionnaire to a colleague, Select the “Save and Continue Later” link in the upper right hand corner of your screen. A link to the incomplete questionnaire will be emailed to you from SurveyGizmo. Open the email from SurveyGizmo and forward it to a colleague. 4. To view and print your answers before submitting the survey. Advance forward to the page following question 49. Print using “control p.” 5. To submit the survey, Select “Submit” on the last page. Thank you very much for your time and expertise. Please enter the date (MM/DD/YYYY). ____________________________ Please enter your contact information. First Name ____________________________________________________ Last Name ____________________________________________________ Agency/Organization ___________________________________________ Street Address _________________________________________________

126 Suite ________________________________________________________ City _________________________________________________________ State _________________________________________________________ Zip Code _____________________________________________________ Country ______________________________________________________ E-mail Address ________________________________________________ Phone Number _________________________________________________ 1. The synthesis will include three to five case examples to illustrate different training program practices being used. Would your organization be interested in participating in a case study? …… Yes …… No Guidance This questionnaire is specifically crafted to gather information about technical training and certification of front-line mainte- nance workers. Training designed for both front-line maintenance workers and maintenance supervisors can be considered for a response, but training specific to only maintenance supervisors should not. For the purposes of this questionnaire, training refers specifically to a structured, repeatable learning experience that follows a formalized plan. It may offer participant mate- rials or an exam. As a survey of technical training and certification, respondents should consider pavement, bridges, roadside, equipment, and highway safety and reliability training offerings when providing answers rather than soft-skill training, such as sexual harassment or timesheet completion. Definitions The following definitions are used in conjunction with this questionnaire: • Instructor-led, classroom training – training that is delivered in the classroom; an instructor is present to facilitate instruction. • Instructor-led, web or video conference training – training that is delivered through a web or video conferencing system; an instructor is present to facilitate instruction. • On-the-job training – training that is delivered by an experienced employee; often includes demonstration lessons and opportunities for inexperienced employees to practice new skills and receive feedback on performance. • Self-paced, mobile training – training that is delivered through a mobile application via a cell phone or tablet; training is completed according to the participant’s pace and schedule. • Self-paced, paper-based training – training material is provided either in hardcopy or electronically; training is com- pleted independently according to the participant’s pace and schedule. • Self-paced, web-based training – training that is delivered online via the Internet or intranet; training is completed independently according to the participant’s pace and schedule. • Training – a structured, repeatable learning experience that follows a formalized plan with the exception of informal, on-the-job training. Reminders • This questionnaire focuses only on training for front-line maintenance workers. • Training exclusively designed for maintenance supervisors should not be considered. • Only technical training should be considered. • Do not consider administrative training required of all agency employees, such as sexual harassment training or train- ing on completing timesheets.

127 General Information 1. The synthesis will include three to five case studies to illustrate different training program practices being used. Would your organization be interested in participating in a case study? …… Yes …… No 2. Select the state or province you represent: (State drop down menu) 3. Approximately how many front-line maintenance workers are employed by your state or provincial organization? …… 0–500 …… 501–1,500 …… 1,500–3,000 …… Greater than 3,000 4. What percentage of maintenance work is performed by contract? …… None (advance to question 9) …… Less than 50% …… Greater than 50% …… 100% 5. Does your state or province require contract workers to be trained and certified beyond federal requirements? …… Yes …… No (advance to question 9) 6. Do you require documentation verifying training and certification requirements have been met? …… Yes …… No 7. In general, training and certification requirements are… ……More stringent for state and provincial maintenance workers than contract maintenance workers. …… Less stringent for state and provincial maintenance workers than contract maintenance workers. …… The same for state, provincial, and contract maintenance workers. …… Don’t know. 8. For which training categories do you have more stringent requirements for state and provincial maintenance workers? …… Bridges …… Highway Safety and Reliability …… Pavements …… Roadway/Roadside …… General Maintenance Skills 9. Do you share training materials with other organizations? …… Yes …… No (advance to question 11)

128 10. Select the organizations with whom you share materials. Select all that apply. …… Other state or provincial highway organizations …… Local technical assistance programs (LTAP) …… Transportation Curriculum Coordination Council (TCCC) …… Other Training Content and Delivery 11. Do you offer technical training to front-line maintenance workers? …… Yes …… No (advance to question 44) 12. For which of the following areas do you offer technical training to front-line maintenance workers? …… Bridges (answer 13 & 14) …… Highway Safety and Reliability (answer 15 & 16) …… Pavements (answer 17 & 18) …… Roadway/Roadside (answer 19 & 20) …… General Maintenance Skills (answer 21 & 22) 13. Select the bridge topics for which your organization offers training. …… Equipment operations …… Carpentry …… Concrete cutting or placement …… Erosion control …… Pile driving ……Welding …… Torch cutting …… Bolted connections …… Bridge inspections (not NBIS) …… Bridge oreservation activities …… Other 14. Which of the following methods do you use to deliver bridge training? Select all that apply. …… Instructor-led, classroom …… Instructor-led, web or video conference …… Self-paced, web-based, paper-based, mobile applications, including video …… On-the-job training …… Other 15. Select the highway safety and reliability topics for which your organization offers training. (This category includes the following types of assets: signal, sign, pavement marking, pavement marker, guardrail end treatment, overhead sign structure, impact attenuator, protective barriers, traffic monitoring system.) …… Equipment operations

129 …… Curb markings …… Incident management …… Emergency traffic control …… Guardrail, end treatments, and median barriers …… Snow and ice control for operators …… Debris removal ……Work zone safety …… Personal protective equipment …… Flagger …… Securing and hauling cargo …… Other 16. Which of the following methods do you use to deliver highway safety and reliability training? Select all that apply. …… Instructor-led, classroom …… Instructor-led, web or video conference …… Self-paced, web-based, paper-based, mobile applications, including video …… On-the-job training …… Other 17. Select the pavement topics for which your organization offers training. (This category includes the following types of assets: paved shoulders, unpaved shoulders, paved roadways, culvert, flume, curb and gutter, sidewalk, ditch or slope, drop inlet, underdrain and edgedrain.) …… Equipment operations …… Bituminous materials—storage and handling …… Base and sub base repair …… Asphalt pavement patching …… Concrete pavement patching …… Shoulder and ditch maintenance …… Preservation treatment application …… Soil stabilization …… Inspections …… Roadway drainage systems …… Pipe installation …… Basic surveying …… Confined space …… Subsurface drainage …… Other 18. Which of the following methods do you use to deliver pavement training? Select all that apply. …… Instructor-led, classroom …… Instructor-led, web or video conference

130 …… Self-paced, web-based, paper-based, mobile applications, including video …… On-the-job training …… Other 19. Select the roadway/roadside topics for which your organization offers training. (This category includes the following types of assets: rest areas, weigh stations, fence, landscaping, plant beds, sound barriers.) …… Equipment operations …… Vegetation management …… Herbicide/pest management …… Fence installation …… Pesticide handling and disposal regulations …… Retaining wall construction and maintenance …… Sign and pavement marking retro-reflectivity …… Rest area management activities …… Storm water management activities …… Other 20. Which of the following methods do you use to deliver roadway/roadside training? Select all that apply. …… Instructor-led, classroom …… Instructor-led, web or video conference …… Self-paced, web-based, paper-based, mobile applications, including video …… On-the-job training …… Other 21. Select the general maintenance skills for which your organization offers training. …… Rental equipment supervision …… Customer service …… Scheduling and planning …… Street and driveway access ……Math …… Subdivision roads …… Utility encroachments …… Purchase order contract …… Fleet management ……Maintenance management system data entry ……Maintenance quality assurance program inspections …… Plan reading …… Driving skills …… Other

131 22. Which of the following methods do you use to deliver general maintenance skills training? Select all that apply. …… Instructor-led, classroom …… Instructor-led, web or video conference …… Self-paced, web-based, paper-based, mobile applications, including video …… On-the-job training …… Other Which delivery method is predominant for the technical content areas? Which delivery method is predominant for the technical content areas? Instructor- led, classroom Instructor- led, Web or video conference Self-paced, Web- based, paper- based, mobile applications, including video On-the-job training Other (Rows are brought in based on answers to Q 12.) 23. Who facilitates training for each technical content area? Select all that apply. DOT employees Contracted instructors Equipment manufacturers LTAP Unions Community College Other (Rows are brought in based on answers to Q 12.) 24. If you selected “other” as a facilitator option, please fill in the type of facilitator used. (Selections are brought in based on answers to Q12.) 25. Is bridge training required? (shown based on answers to question 13) …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 26) …… Don’t know 26. Select the bridge topics for which training is required. (Selections are brought in based on answers to Q 13.) 27. Is certification in bridges offered? (shown based on answers to question 13) …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 28) …… Don’t know 28. Select the bridge topics for which certification is offered. (Selections are brought in based on answers to Q 13.) 29. Is highway safety and reliability training required? (shown based on answers to question 15) …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 30) …… Don’t know

132 30. Select the highway safety and reliability topics for which training is required. (Selections are brought in based on answers to Q15) 31. Is certification in highway safety and reliability offered? (shown based on answers to question 15) …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 32) …… Don’t know 32. Select the highway safety and reliability topics for which certification is offered. (Selections are brought in based on answers to Q15) 33. Is pavement training required? (shown based on answers to question 17) …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 34) …… Don’t know 34. Select the pavement topics for which training is required. (Selections are brought in based on answers to Q17) 35. Is certification in pavements offered? (shown based on answers to question 17) …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 36) …… Don’t know 36. Select the pavement topics for which certification is offered. (Selections are brought in based on answers to Q17) 37. Is roadway/roadside training required? (shown based on answers to question 19) …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 38) …… Don’t know 38. Select the roadway/roadside topics for which training is required. (Selections are brought in based on answers to Q19) 39. Is certification in roadway/roadside offered? (shown based on answers to question 19) …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 40) …… Don’t know 40. Select the roadway/roadside topics for which certification is offered. (Selections are brought in based on answers to Q19)

133 41. Is general maintenance skills training required? (shown based on answers to question 21) …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 42) …… Don’t know 42. Select the general maintenance skills for which training is required. (Selections are brought in based on answers to Q21) 43. Is certification in general maintenance skills offered? (shown based on answers to question 21) …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 44) …… Don’t know 44. Select the general maintenance skills for which certification is offered. (Selections are brought in based on answers to Q21) Inducements to Take Training 44. Does your organization provide incentives to encourage maintenance workers to participate in training? …… Yes …… No (advance to question 46) 45. What incentives does your organization provide to encourage participation in training? Select all that apply. …… Completion of training allows workers to acquire new skills or keep pace with technology. …… Completion of training qualifies workers for promotion. …… Completion of training qualifies workers for specific jobs (such as inspector). …… Completion of training is linked to a wage increase. …… Completion of training is necessary to retain employment. …… Other 46. If your organization offers certification in a particular topic, please select the reason for offering certification. …… The training topic(s) has historically been an area for which certification is offered. …… The training and certification addresses safety, liability, and insurance considerations. …… Training and certification is mandated by the state or province. ……My organization does not offer certification. …… Other 47. Does your organization align its training program offerings with maintenance worker performance requirements? (Shown based on responses to Q12) …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 50)

134 48. Is worker participation in technical training a factor in evaluating performance? …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 50) 49. Is worker participation in technical training formally documented on the performance evaluation? …… Yes …… No 50. Do supervisors regularly recommend training for maintenance workers to attend in order to improve performance and possibly advance? …… Yes …… No …… Don’t know. 51. Is the promotion of a front-line maintenance worker dependent on the completion of certain training requirements? …… Yes …… No Frequency of Training Events and Tracking Participation 52. How often does the average maintenance worker participate in mandatory training? …… At least once a year ……More than once a year …… At least once every 2–3 years …… Never; my organization does not have mandatory training requirements 53. How often does the average maintenance worker participate in non-mandatory training? …… At least once a year ……More than once a year …… At least once every 2–3 years …… Almost never …… Don’t know; there is no formal process for reporting participation in non-mandatory training back to the maintenance department. 54. How frequently are workers able to retake training to refresh knowledge and skills? …… Any time …… At the suggestion of a supervisor …… Certain training must be retaken every X number of years …… At the next scheduled training …… Never

135 Evaluating the Effects of Training on Worker Performance and the Organization 55. Does your organization measure the effectiveness of training on workers’ performance? …… Yes …… No (advance to question 57) …… Don’t know 56. In order to determine whether training has impacted workers’ performance, my organization… Select all that apply. …… Collects feedback from participants within 1 year of training being completed via a survey, performance evaluation, or follow-up call with a representative from the Human Resources or Training Departments. …… Administers an evaluation to each participant at the end of training that includes questions about whether the training will help them complete their work. …… Requires supervisors to complete pre- and post-training evaluation forms of workers’ performance. Post-training evaluations are completed within 1 year of participant attending training. …… Other 57. Does your organization measure the impact of training on the organization? …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 59) …… Don’t know 58. In order to determine whether training has impacted the organization, my organization… Select all that apply. …… Administers an annual survey in order to gather feedback on the impact of training on the maintenance program. …… Compiles all pre- and post-training evaluation results and runs an analysis to determine the impact of training on worker performance. …… Hires a consultant to evaluate the training program and report recommendations and issues. …… Other 59. Which of the following do you consider to be the most effective method of delivering training to maintenance workers? …… Instructor-led, classroom …… Instructor-led, web or video conference …… Self-paced, web-based, paper-based, mobile applications, including video …… On-the-job training …… Other Training Development 60. Do you develop training in-house? …… Yes …… No (advanced to question 62) 61. How much of your training is developed in-house? …… Less than 50% ……More than 50%

136 62. For which areas would you like to see training developed to address gaps? Select all that apply. …… Bridges (answer Q63) …… Highway Safety and Reliability (answer Q64) …… Pavements (answer Q65) …… Roadway/Roadside (answer Q66) …… General Maintenance Skills (answer Q67) …… Other 63. For which of the following bridge topics is additional training required? Select all that apply. …… Equipment operations …… Carpentry …… Bridge preservation activities …… Concrete cutting or placement …… Erosion control …… Pile driving ……Welding …… Torch cutting …… Bolted connections …… Bridge inspections (not NBIS) …… Other 64. For which of the following highway safety and reliability topics is additional training required? Select all that apply. …… Equipment operations …… Curb markings …… Incident management …… Emergency traffic control …… Guardrail, end treatments, and median barriers …… Snow and ice control for operators …… Debris removal ……Work zone safety …… Personal protective equipment …… Flagger …… Securing and hauling cargo …… Other 65. For which of the following pavement topics is additional training required? Select all that apply. …… Equipment operations …… Bituminous materials—storage and handling …… Base and sub base repair …… Asphalt pavement patching

137 …… Concrete pavement patching …… Shoulder and ditch maintenance …… Preservation treatment application …… Soil stabilization …… Roadway drainage systems …… Pipe installation …… Basic surveying …… Inspections …… Confined space …… Subsurface drainage …… Other 66. For which of the following roadway/roadside topics is additional training required? Select all that apply. …… Equipment operations …… Vegetation management …… Herbicide/pest management …… Fence installation …… Pesticide handling and disposal regulations …… Retaining wall construction and maintenance …… Sign and pavement marking retro-reflectivity …… Rest area management activities …… Storm water management activities …… Other 67. For which of the following general maintenance skills is additional training required? Select all that apply. …… Rental equipment supervision …… Customer service …… Scheduling and planning …… Street and driveway access ……Math …… Subdivision roads …… Utility encroachments …… Purchase order contract …… Fleet management ……Maintenance management system data entry ……Maintenance quality assurance program inspections …… Plan reading …… Driving skills …… Other

138 Review Here is a view of the entire questionnaire and any responses that have been made. You may print this using “control p.” Please note that there are a few questions for which responses will not appear. Thank You! Thank you for taking our survey. Your response is very important to us. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact Ms. Katie Zimmerman at: • E-mail: kzimmerman@appliedpavement.com • Phone: (217) 398-3977

Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation

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