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G-1 A p p e n d i x G Air Carrier: The FAA definition for operations counts is an aircraft with seating capacity of more than 60 seats or a maximum payload capacity of more than 18,000 pounds carrying passengers or cargo for-hire or compensation. The FAA definition for passenger counts is an airline which flies the majority of their available seat miles on aircraft with more than 70 seats. Air Taxi: The FAA definition for operations counts is an aircraft designed to have a maximum seating capacity of 60 seats or less or a maximum payload capacity of 18,000 pounds or less car- rying passengers or cargo for-hire or compensation. Small regional jets and turboprop aircraft in scheduled service are considered air taxi in FAA statistics. The FAA definition for passenger counts is an airline which flies the majority of their available seat miles on aircraft with 70 seats or less. Aircraft Operation: An aircraft take-off or landing. Aircraft Situation Display to Industry (ASDI): A data stream available through the USDOTâs Volpe Transportation Center based on radar and flight plan data that shows location, altitude, airspeed, destination, estimated arrival time and aircraft designator of aircraft flying on IFR flight plans within the United States. Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT): An environmental analysis tool for noise and air quality being developed for the FAA that will replace the INM and EDMS models. Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP): Program authorized by Congress and sponsored by the FAA with the goal of developing near-term, practical solutions to problems faced by airport operators. Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT): A structure from which air traffic control personnel control the movement of aircraft on or around the airport. Area Equivalent Model (AEM): Spreadsheet model used to estimate aircraft noise. Average Day in the Peak Month (ADPM): Defined as peak month passengers or operations divided by the number of days in the month. Average Weekday in the Peak Month (AWDPM): Defined as the number of weekday passengers or operations in the peak month divided by the number of weekdays in the peak month. Aviation Environmental Screening Tool (AEST): Tool used to estimate impact of small incre- mental changes to airspace use and noise. Bag Claim Device: Typically a mechanical device designed to hold and display checked luggage for passengers to claim upon arriving at their destination airport. Buffer time: At a gate, the scheduled time between a departing aircraft and the next arriving aircraft. Glossary
G-2 Guidebook for preparing and Using Airport design day Flight Schedules Clock Hour: A 60 minute period that begins at the beginning of the hour. For example 1:00 pm through 1:59 pm represents a clock hour; 1:35 pm through 2:34 pm does not. Cloning: A process of expanding a design day schedule by duplicating flights, usually including a small random adjustment to the flight time to avoid exact duplication. Connecting Bank: A group of aircraft, operated by a single airline system, which arrives at an airport within a narrow time interval, exchanges passengers, and then departs, also within a narrow time interval. Contact Gate: Gate with an attached loading bridge, which provides passengers with a direct connection between the aircraft and terminal building. Corporate Real Estate (CRE): The department at an airline that is responsible for managing the leasing of facilities, such as gates, at airports. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), U.S.: Agency under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) with the priority mission of keeping terrorists and their weapons out of the United States. It also has a responsibility for securing and facilitating trade and travel while enforcing U.S. regulations, including immigration and drug laws. Day/Night Split: Distribution of aircraft operations between daytime (7 am to 10 pm) and night- time (10 pm to 7 am). Departure Lounge: Interior area within an airport terminal where passengers wait just prior to boarding aircraft. Deplane: Act of getting off an aircraft; passenger getting off an aircraft. Derivative Operational Profiles: Operational profiles that are derived from the traditional pas- senger and aircraft operation profiles, usually by applying a lead or lag factor, to assess loads on specific terminal or landside facilities. Design Day: A representative busy day selected for planning, intended to strike a balance between providing capacity for most periods without incurring the cost of designing for the single busiest day of the year. Design Day Flight Schedule: A constructed schedule showing individual aircraft arrivals and departures by time of day and aircraft type, which can also show airline, origin/destination, and passengers associated with each flight, depending on the level of detail required. Domestic Travel: Typically, air travel within the borders of a particular country; may also include travel from precleared origins within Canada and the Caribbean. Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS): Model used prior to AEDT to estimate airport air quality impacts. Enplane: Act of boarding an aircraft; passenger getting on an aircraft. EPA: Environmental Protection Agency. Fare Class: Typically, premium or first class tickets and less expensive coach tickets. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): Agency under the U.S. Department of Transportation, responsible for both ensuring safety of and promoting aviation industry. Federal Inspection Services (FIS): Facility operated by U.S. CBP, designed to process arriving international passengers and their luggage. Gate: Passageway through which passengers embark or disembark from an aircraft.
Glossary G-3 General Aviation: The FAA defines general aviation as take-offs and landings of all civil aircraft, except those classified as air carriers or air taxis. Hub Airport: General industry definition is an airport at which a significant amount of connect- ing passenger activity occurs. Also an FAA classification of airports according to what percentage of national enplanements they accommodate annually. IFR Flights: Fights operated under instrument flight rules which indicate that the pilot is authorized to fly by instruments under conditions where visibility is impaired. Integrated Carrier: All-cargo airlines, such as FedEx and UPS, which provide door-to-door service including freight forwarding and ground transportation. Integrated Noise Model (INM): Model used to estimate airport noise impacts prior to AEDT. International Travel: Typically, that portion of air travel outside the borders of a particular country. Lag Time: The interval between the time an aircraft arrives at a gate and the average time a deplaning passenger arrives at a given airport facility. Large-Hub Airport: An airport that accounts for 1 percent or more of annual passenger enplane- ments at U.S. airports. In 2014 this included airports with more than 7,612,884 enplanements. Lead Time: The interval between the time an enplaning passenger arrives at a given facility, such as a ticketing kiosk, and the time his or her flight departs the gate. Level of Service (LOS): A measure of the quality of service provided by a facility. For example, as it relates to terminals, LOS A would be defined as no congestion, free-flow and excellent level of comfort, and LOS F would be defined as extreme congestion, unstable flow with unacceptable delays, near system breakdown and unacceptable level of comfort. Master Plan: Document outlining the general, long-term development strategy for a facility to meet projected activity. Medium-Hub Airport: An airport that accounts for at least 0.25 percent but less than 1 percent of annual passenger enplanements at U.S. airports. In 2014 this included airports with between 1,903,221 and 7,612.884 enplanements. Monte Carlo Analysis: A method of evaluating uncertainty that involves repeated sampling from probability distributions associated with multiple inputs and/or parameters to generate a single, composite probability distribution. MOVES2014: Air quality model used to assess ground vehicle emissions. Nautical Mile: A unit of measure equal to 1.15078 statute miles. Non-hub Airport: An airport that accounts for more than 10,000 enplanements but less than 0.05 percent of annual passenger enplanements at U.S. airports. In 2014 this included airports with between 10,000 and 380,644 enplanements. Nonrevenue Passenger: Typically, airline passenger working for the airline industry or family member flying at no cost. Frequent flier passengers flying on award tickets are classified as rev- enue passengers in U.S. DOT statistics. Operational Profile: The distribution of arriving and departing passengers or aircraft operations by time of day during the design day. It can be a design day profile, a design schedule, or a day/ night stage length distribution.
G-4 Guidebook for preparing and Using Airport design day Flight Schedules Operations Network (OPSNET): FAA source of data that provides information on operations for all FAA and FAA-contracted towered airports in the United States. Origin and Destination (O&D) Passenger Traffic: See definitions of originations and terminations. Originations: Passengers who are beginning their air travel at an airport, having arrived by some form of ground transportation. Noise Integrated Routing System (NIRS): A noise evaluation system designed to provide an anal- ysis of air traffic changes over large regions. Passenger Security Screening Checkpoint (PSSCP): Operated by the TSA, a screening checkpoint examines both passengers and their carry-on belongings for items that are banned from the passenger compartment of a commercial aircraft. Peak Period: A period of time, often called the peak hour, representing the typical high flow of passenger or aircraft operations activity that must be accommodated by a given airport facility. Like the design day, it is intended to strike a balance between providing capacity for most periods without incurring the cost of designing for the single busiest period of the year. Peak Spreading: The tendency of peaks of passengers and aircraft operations, to decline as a percentage of daily activity, as an airport becomes busier. Performance Data Analysis and Reporting System (PDARS): Joint FAA/NASA program for track- ing flight data to measure facility performance. Precleared Airport: An international airport where passengers headed for the United States can go through the CBP process, thereby avoiding processing upon landing at their U.S. destination. Processing Rate: Number of entities that a single resource can process in a given unit of time (e.g., passengers though a security checkpoint). Processing Time: Time interval between the beginning of a process on one entity and the begin- ning of a process on the next entity, assuming a constant rate of demand and a queue. Regional Airline: Airline that operates small aircraft, usually under contract or a code-sharing with a larger air carrier. Historically, regional airlines have operated aircraft with fewer than 60 seats, but they are increasingly operating aircraft with 70 or more seats. Remain Overnight (RON): Typically refers to parking position(s) used to accommodate aircraft that are not unloading or loading passengers and cargo, between their last arrival in the evening and their first departure the following morning. Revenue Passenger: Passenger paying a fare on a flight; includes passengers traveling on redeemed frequent flier miles. Risk Register: A central repository of risks identified by an organization, including informa- tion including description, likelihood of occurrence, threat/opportunity assessment, potential mitigation measures, and other factors. Scaling: A process by which a mix of aircraft operations or passengers is increased or decreased proportionately to match a target level. Scheduled Seat Arrivals: The sum of the seats in each scheduled arriving passenger flight over a given period of time.
Glossary G-5 Scheduled Seat Departures: The sum of the seats in each scheduled departing passenger flight over a given period of time. Seat Factors: Also known as enplaning or deplaning load factors. They are calculated by divid- ing passenger enplanements by aircraft departing seats or dividing passenger deplanements by aircraft seat arrivals. Seat factors differ slightly from load factors which are calculated by dividing revenue passenger miles by available seat miles. Small-Hub Airport: An airport that accounts for at least 0.05 percent but less than 0.25 percent of annual passenger enplanements at U.S. airports. In 2014 this included airports with between 380,644 and 1,903,221 enplanements. Spoke Airport: An airport where almost all passenger traffic is O&D. Stage Length: The distance an aircraft travels between take-off and landing. Standard Deviation: The standard deviation is the square root of the variance of the population around the mean. It is a measure of the amount of variation in a given sample or population, such as annual enplanements. Standard Instrument Departure (SID): Published flight procedures for aircraft on an IFR flight plan immediately after take-off. Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR): Published flight procedures for aircraft on an IFR flight plan immediately preceding landing. Supergate: An aggregation of gates used in airfield simulation, to simplify the gate assignment process when the terminal area is not the focus of the analysis. TARGETS: FAAâs Terminal Area Route Generation, Evaluation, and Traffic Simulation tool. Terminal Area Forecast (TAF): Annual FAA forecast of passenger and operations activity at approximately 3000 airports in the United States. Terminations: Passengers who are ending their air travel at an airport and are leaving by some form of ground transportation. (Also, destinations.) Throughput Capacity: The maximum number of units (passengers or aircraft operations) that an airport facility can process within a specified time interval. Ticket Counter/Check-in Counter: Portion of airport terminal where departing passengers pur- chase tickets, check in for flights, change itineraries, etc. Tow-on/tow-off time: For aircraft towed on to a gate, the interval between the time an aircraft is towed on to a gate and the time it departs the gate for take-off. For aircraft towed off a gate, the interval between the time an aircraft arrives at a gate and the time it is towed to another location. Traffic Flow Management System (TFMS): FAA database of instrument flight operations that includes airline, aircraft type, and time and location of O&D. Traffic Flow Management System Counts (TFMSC): Publicly available summary of TFMS data. Traffic Noise Model (TNM): Model used to estimate ground traffic noise impacts. Transportation Research Board (TRB): Part of the nonprofit National Research Council; pro- vides leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange.
G-6 Guidebook for preparing and Using Airport design day Flight Schedules Transportation Security Administration (TSA): Responsible for protecting the U.S. transporta- tion system; operates under the DHS. Turnaround time: The time interval between an aircraftâs arrival at the gate and its departure. Typically refers to the minimum time needed to prepare an arriving aircraft for its outbound flight. VFR flights: Flights operated under visual flight rules, which indicate that visibility and weather conditions are such that the pilot can see where the aircraft is going. Visual meteorological conditions (VMC): Weather conditions under which VFR flights are permitted. Wingtip-to-wingtip flights: Multiple flights scheduled by a single airline between a single market pair within a few minutes of each other, typically within the same connecting bank.
Abbreviations and acronyms used without deï¬nitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACIâNA Airports Council InternationalâNorth America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing Americaâs Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation
TRA N SPO RTATIO N RESEA RCH BO A RD 500 Fifth Street, N W W ashington, D C 20001 A D D RESS SERV ICE REQ U ESTED ISBN 978-0-309-44595-5 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 4 4 5 9 5 5 9 0 0 0 0 N O N -PR O FIT O R G . U .S. PO STA G E PA ID C O LU M B IA , M D PER M IT N O . 88 G uidebook for Preparing and U sing A irport D esign D ay Flight Schedules A CRP Research Report 163 TRB
