Use and Potential Impacts of AFFF Containing PFASs at Airports (2017)

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91 1. Backe, W. J., Day, T. C., and Field, J. A. Zwitterionic, Cationic, and Anionic Fluorinated Chemicals in Aqueous Film Forming Foam Formulations and Groundwater from U.S. Military Bases by Nonaqueous Large-Volume Injection HPLC-MS/MS. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47, 5226–5234 (2013). 2. UNEP. Technical Paper on the Identification and Assessment of Alternatives to the Use of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid in Open Applications (2012). 3. Poulson, P. B. et al. Substitution of PFOS for Use in Non-Decorative Hard Chrome Plating. (Danish Environ- mental Protection Agency, 2011). 4. U.S. EPA. PFOS Chromium Electroplater Study. (2009). 5. UNEP. Risk Profile on Perfluorooctane Sulfonate. (2006). 6. Siegemund, G. et al. in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2000). 7. UNEP. Draft Guidance on Alternatives to Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid and Its Derivatives. (2011). 8. Organofluorine Chemistry. (Springer US, 1994). 9. U.S. EPA OPPT AR226-0060. 3M submission (not dated). Data Summaries Completed 1999. Transport Between Environmental Compartments (Fugacity): Perfluorooctanesulfonate (1999). 10. U.S. EPA OPPT AR226-0547. 3M submission dated 5/2/99. The Science of Organic Fluorochemistry. (1999). 11. Environment Canada. Ecological Screening Assessment Report on Perfluorooctane Sulfonate, Its Salts and Its Precursors that Contain the C8F17SO2 or C8F17SO3, or C8F17SO2N Moiety. Government of Canada. (2010). Available at: https://www.ec.gc.ca/lcpe-cepa/default.asp?lang=En&n=98B1954A-1&offset=10&toc=show. (Accessed: 3rd March 2015). 12. Houtz, E. F., Higgins, C. P., Field, J. A. & Sedlak, D. L. Persistence of Perfluoroalkyl Acid Precursors in AFFF-Impacted Groundwater and Soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47, 8187–8195 (2013). 13. Prevedouros, K., Cousins, I. T., Buck, R. C. & Korzeniowski, S. H. Sources, Fate and Transport of Perfluoro- carboxylates. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 32–44 (2006). 14. Dauchy, X., Boiteux, V., Rosin, C. & Munoz, J.-F. Relationship Between Industrial Discharges and Con- tamination of Raw Water Resources by Perfluorinated Compounds. Part I: Case Study of a Fluoropolymer Manufacturing Plant. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 89, 525–530 (2012). 15. Dauchy, X., Boiteux, V., Rosin, C. & Munoz, J.-F. Relationship Between Industrial Discharges and Con- tamination of Raw Water Resources by Perfluorinated Compounds. Part II: Case Study of a Fluorotelomer Polymer Manufacturing Plant. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 89, 531–536 (2012). 16. Clara, M., Scharf, S., Weiss, S., Gans, O., and Scheffknecht, C. Emissions of Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances (PFAS) from Point Sources—Identification of Relevant Branches. Water Sci. Technol. 58, 59 (2008). 17. Shoeib, M., Harner, T., Wilford, B. H., Jones, K. C. & Zhu, J. Perfluorinated Sulfonamides in Indoor and Outdoor Air and Indoor Dust: Occurrence, Partitioning, and Human Exposure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 6599–6606 (2005). 18. Shoeib, M., Harner, T., Webster, G. M. & Lee, S. C. Indoor Sources of Poly- and Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCS) in Vancouver, Canada: Implications for Human Exposure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45, 7999–8005 (2011). 19. Wang, Z. et al. Atmospheric Fate of Poly- and Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFASs): II. Emission Source Strength in Summer in Zurich, Switzerland. Environ. Pollut. 169, 204–209 (2012). 20. Müller, C. E. et al. Atmospheric Fate of Poly- and Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFASs): I. Day–Night Patterns of Air Concentrations in Summer in Zurich, Switzerland. Environ. Pollut. 169, 196–203 (2012). 21. Weiß, O. et al. Perfluorinated Compounds in the Vicinity of a Fire Training Area – Human Biomonitoring Among 10 Persons Drinking Water from Contaminated Private Wells in Cologne, Germany. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 215, 212–215 (2012). References

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