Alternative Fuels in Airport Fleets (2017)

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34 APPENDIX A Survey Questionnaire This appendix presents the questionnaire used in the online survey for this report. Answers for each question are given as they appeared in the survey. Question 1: State your name, title, and airport code. Question 2: Do you currently use alternative fuels in any of your airport-owned or airport-contracted vehicles? …… Yes …… No Question 3: Which of the following alternative fuels do you currently use in your airport-owned or airport-contracted vehicles? …… ELECTRIC—includes all-electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (does not include hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles). …… COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS—fossil-based gaseous fuel, mostly comprised of methane. …… RENEWABLE NATURAL GAS—originates from bio-based feedstock and is interchangeable with conventional natural gas. …… RENEWABLE DIESEL—also known as “green diesel,” renewable diesel is made from waste oils, fats, and vegetable oils and can be blended directly with conventional diesel up to 100% with no modification to the engine. …… BIODIESEL—animal or vegetable oil–derived fuel made via transesterification process. Typically, not blended above 20% with diesel without modification to fuel storage tank and engine. …… PROPANE/LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS—fossil-based fuel created as by-product of natural gas and petroleum refining. Delivered and stored as liquid fuel. …… LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS—conventional natural gas converted to liquid form through cooling. …… HYDROGEN—gaseous fuel typically used in fuel cell or direct combustion. Question 4: [If usage of biodiesel indicated] Specify the primary type of biodiesel used. Note: If the blend changes over the course of the year, mark the most common blend used. …… B20 Biodiesel (20% biodiesel, 80% diesel) …… B85 Biodiesel (85% biodiesel, 15% diesel) …… B100 (100% biodiesel) …… Don’t know …… Other type (specify): Question 5: [If usage of renewable diesel indicated] Specify the primary blend of renewable diesel used. Note: If the blend changes over the course of the year, mark the most common blend used. …… RD5 Renewable Diesel (5% RD, 95% diesel) …… RD20 Renewable Diesel (20% RD, 80% diesel) …… RD100 Renewable Diesel (100% RD) …… Don’t know …… Other type (specify):

35 Question 6: [If usage of electric vehicles indicated] Specify the type of electric vehicles in use. Note: OK to mark multiple answers. …… All-electric (runs exclusively on grid power) …… Plug-in hybrid electric (can run on grid power or as a gasoline/diesel-hybrid electric vehicle) …… Don’t know …… Other type (specify): Question 7: What percentage of your airport-owned and airport-contracted vehicles use each of these alternative fuels on a regular basis? Leave blank if not known. [answered separately for each fuel type] Question 8: What year did your airport first use alternative fuels in your airport-owned or airport-contracted vehicle fleet? [answered separately for each fuel type] Question 9: Describe any surprises, issues, or initial/recurring problems in using the alternative fuels in your airport-owned or air- port-contracted vehicles. Possible topics include: fuel availability, cold/warm weather impacts, maintenance challenges, warranty issues, driver training, employee acceptance, employee health, reduced vehicle range compared with equivalent conventionally powered vehicles, auxiliary equipment needed to support the vehicle’s operation, safety, codes, and standards. [answered separately for each fuel type] Question 10: Where are your alternative fuel vehicles fueled? [answered separately for each fuel type] …… Private stations used only by airport fleet vehicles …… Public stations …… Private stations shared with other organizations (e.g., city buses, airport tenants, FedEx trucks) …… Other sharing arrangement …… Don’t know Question 11: Was new infrastructure required to be installed to support alternative fuel use in your airport-owned and airport- contracted fleet? [answered separately for each fuel type] …… Yes …… No …… Don’t know Question 12: How many alternative refueling stations/chargers support your airport-owned or airport-contracted vehicles? [answered separately for each fuel type] Question 13: SHUTTLE: Identify the types of alternative fuel vehicles in your airport-owned or airport-contracted vehicles. …… Bus (>40 passengers) …… Shuttle bus (<40 passengers) …… Vans …… Pickup trucks or SUVs …… Sedans …… Carts (e.g., golf-carts, shuttles) Question 14: EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND SECURITY: Identify the types of alternative fuel vehicles in your airport-owned or airport-contracted vehicles. …… Pickup or SUVs

36 …… Sedans …… Carts (e.g., golf-carts, shuttles) Question 15: FACILITY/MAINTENANCE: Identify the types of alternative fuel vehicles in your airport-owned or airport- contracted vehicles. …… Pickup or SUVs …… Sedans …… Bucket trucks …… Dump trucks …… Utility trucks …… Forklifts …… Snow removal vehicles …… Sweepers …… Garbage trucks Question 16: OTHER VEHICLES: Identify the types of alternative fuel vehicles in your airport-owned or airport-contracted vehicles. ……Mobile lighting …… Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting …… Ambulances Question 17: Who owns the alternative fuel vehicles in your airport-owned or airport-contracted vehicle fleet? [answered separately for each vehicle identified in Q13–16] …… Airport …… Third party …… Both …… Neither Question 18: Who decides the vehicle makes, models, and fuel types used in your airport-owned and airport-contracted vehicle fleet? [answered separately for each vehicle identified in Q13–16] …… Airport decides …… Third party decides …… Don’t know …… Other—Write in: Question 19: Describe the decision-making process for the procurement of the alternative fuel vehicles in your airport-owned and airport-contracted fleet (Yes/Somewhat/No/Don’t know). …… Formal written rules guide vehicle procurement decisions …… Detailed cost analyses are used before vehicle procurement process …… Emissions analyses are used before vehicle procurement decisions …… Final vehicle choices are made after soliciting bids …… Vehicle procurement decisions are made by only 1 or 2 individuals …… Senior management decides which fuels and how many vehicles are procured

37 Question 20: Are your alternative fuel vehicles retrofits (i.e., aftermarket conversion)? …… All are retrofits …… None are retrofits …… Some are retrofits, some are not …… Don’t know Question 21: Who operates the alternative fuel vehicles at your airport? [answered separately for each vehicle identified in Q13–16] …… Airport …… Third party …… Don’t know Question 22: Does your airport participate in alternative fuel programs with tenants (airlines, ground transportation providers, professional service consultants, others)? …… Yes …… No …… Don’t know Question 23: Please describe the nature of the alternative fuel program with tenants (what are the program’s goals, how is it admin- istrated, has it resulted in increased alternative fuel use, etc.): Question 24: Select the types of financial resources that were important in funding your airport’s alternative fuel vehicles and/or the refueling stations: …… Grant (National, State, Regional, Local, Other?) …… Vehicle rebate (National, State, Regional, Local, Other?) …… Public–private partnership (National, State, Regional, Local, Other?) …… Low interest loan (National, State, Regional, Local, Other?) …… Fee waiver (National, State, Regional, Local, Other?) …… Tax credit (National, State, Regional, Local, Other?) Question 25: Provide the name(s) of the funding source(s), if applicable. (Skip question if not known) …… Grant …… Vehicle rebate …… Public–private partnership …… Low interest loan …… Fee waiver …… Tax credit …… Other Question 26: Have emissions of the alternative fuel vehicles been quantified and tracked? …… Yes …… No …… Don’t know

38 Question 27: Indicate the emissions model(s) or program(s) used to estimate the emissions from your airport vehicle fleet: …… AEDT model (FAA) …… EDMS model (FAA) ……MOBILE/MOVES model (EPA) …… GREET model (DOE) …… EMFAC (CARB) …… OFFROAD model (CARB) …… Don’t know Question 28: How important were each of the following considerations in the decision to use alternative fuels at your airport? (Not important, Somewhat important, Important, Very important, Extremely important, Don’t know?) …… Compliance with regulation …… Cost savings …… Airport’s “green” image …… Greenhouse gas reduction …… Local pollutant reduction …… Petroleum reduction Question 29: For alternative fuel vehicles that are purchased new at your airport, how do the costs of the vehicle procurement com- pare to the equivalent conventionally powered vehicle? [answered separately for each vehicle identified in Q13–16] …… Less expensive …… About the same ……More expensive …… Don’t know Question 30: How do the fuel costs compare to the equivalent conventionally powered vehicle? [answered separately for each vehicle identified in Q13–16] …… Less expensive …… About the same ……More expensive …… Don’t know Question 31: Describe your overall level of satisfaction with using alternative fuels in your airport-owned or airport-contracted fleet. [answered separately for each vehicle identified in Q13–16] …… Extremely unsatisfied …… Unsatisfied …… Indifferent …… Satisfied …… Extremely satisfied …… Don’t know

39 Question 32: Describe your airport’s level of interest in using the following fuel types in the next 5–10 years. …… Not interested …… Interested …… Extremely interested …… Don’t know Question 33: Please provide any further comments on your alternative fuel vehicle program at your airport for the researchers of this project. Questions 34 through 36 gather information regarding an airport’s willingness to participate in follow-on phone interviews.