A DESIGN THINKING, SYSTEMS
APPROACH TO WELL-BEING WITHIN
EDUCATION AND PRACTICE
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Patricia A. Cuff and Erin Hammers Forstag, Rapporteurs
Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education
Board on Global Health
Health and Medicine Division
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and Academic Collaborative for Integrative Health, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Aetna Foundation, American Academy of Nursing, American Association of Colleges of Nursing, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, American Board of Family Medicine, American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology/American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Council of Academic Physical Therapy, American Dental Education Association, American Medical Association, American Nurses Credentialing Center, American Occupational Therapy Association, American Osteopathic Association, American Physical Therapy Association, American Psychological Association, American Society for Nutrition, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Association of American Medical Colleges, Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges, Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry, Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, Association of Schools of the Allied Health Professions, Athletic Training Strategic Alliance, Council on Social Work Education, Ghent University, Health Resources and Services Administration, Jonas Nursing and Veterans Healthcare, Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, Michigan Center for Interprofessional Education, National Academies of Practice, National Association of Social Workers, National Board for Certified Counselors and Affiliates, National Board of Medical Examiners, National Council of State Boards of Nursing, National League for Nursing, Office of Academic Affiliations—Veterans Health Administration, Organization for Associate Degree Nursing, Physician Assistant Education Association, Society for Simulation in Healthcare, THEnet—Training for Health Equity Network, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, University of Toronto, and Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-47784-0
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-47784-0
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25151
Additional copies of this publication are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2019 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. A design thinking, systems approach to well-being within education and practice: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/25151.
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON A DESIGN THINKING, SYSTEMS APPROACH TO WELL-BEING WITHIN EDUCATION AND PRACTICE1
MARY JO KREITZER (Co-Chair), University of Minnesota
ZOHRAY TALIB (Co-Chair), The George Washington University
KENNITA R. CARTER, Health Resources and Services Administration
SARA J. CZAJA, University of Miami
KATHRIN (KATIE) ELIOT, Saint Louis University
ELIZABETH GOLDBLATT, Academic Collaborative for Integrative Health
CATHERINE L. GRUS, American Psychological Association
AVIAD (ADI) HARAMATI, Georgetown University
PINAR KESKINOCAK, Georgia Tech
SANDEEP “SUNNY” P. KISHORE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
MARYANNA KLATT, The Ohio State University
KIMBERLYN LEARY, Harvard University
TED MASHIMA, Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges
ANGELO MCCLAIN, National Association of Social Workers
RICHARD W. VALACHOVIC, American Dental Education Association
MEGHAN M. WALSH, Hennepin County Medical Center
JOHN WEEKS, The Integrator Blog
Consultants
JOANNA M. CAIN, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine
AMY APARICIO CLARK, Aetna Foundation
DARLA SPENCE COFFEY, Council of Social Work Education
RACHEL DEUSSOM, FHI 360
PATRICIA HINTON WALKER, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
ERIC HOLMBOE, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education
RONALD KALUYA, Counseling and Support Services, Kampala, Uganda
BEVERLY MALONE, National League for Nursing
DIANA NYIRENDA, United Nations Development Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi
KENNETH R. PELLETIER, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
RAJATA RAJATANAVIN, Mahidol University
WENDI K. SCHWEIGER, National Board for Certified Counselors International
SIDDHARTH ASHVIN SHAH, Greenleaf Integrative Strategies
STEPHEN C. SHANNON, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine
DEBORAH E. TRAUTMAN, American Association of Colleges of Nursing
ADRIENNE WHITE-FAINES, American Osteopathic Association
XUEJUN ZENG, Peking Union Medical College
GLOBAL FORUM ON INNOVATION IN HEALTH PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION1
CASWELL EVANS (CO-CHAIR), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry
DEBORAH POWELL (CO-CHAIR), University of Minnesota
FRANK ASCIONE, University of Michigan
TIMI AGAR BARWICK, Physician Assistant Education Association
DAVID BENTON, National Council of State Boards of Nursing
JOANNA CAIN, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine
KATHY CHAPPELL, American Nurses Credentialing Center
STEVEN CHESBRO, American Physical Therapy Association
AMY APARICIO CLARK, Aetna Foundation
THOMAS WARREN CLAWSON, National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates
DARLA SPENCE COFFEY, Council on Social Work Education
MALCOLM COX, University of Pennsylvania, formerly U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
DARLENE CURLEY, Jonas Nursing and Veterans Healthcare
JAN DE MAESENEER, Ghent University
MARIETJIE DE VILLIERS, Stellenbosch University
KATHRIN (KATIE) ELIOT, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
ELIZABETH (LIZA) GOLDBLATT, Academic Collaborative for Integrative Health
CATHERINE GRUS, American Psychological Association
NEIL HARVISON, American Occupational Therapy Association
PATRICIA HINTON WALKER, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
ERIC HOLMBOE, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education
ELIZABETH HOPPE, Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry
EMILIA IWU, Jonas Nursing and Veterans Healthcare
PAMELA JEFFRIES, The George Washington University
SANDEEP (SUNNY) KISHORE, Young Professionals Chronic Disease Network
KATHLEEN KLINK, Veterans Health Administration
ANDREW MACCABE, Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges
LAURA MAGAÑA VALLADARES, National Institute of Public Health
LUCINDA MAINE, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
BEVERLY MALONE, National League for Nursing
MARY E. (BETH) MANCINI, Society for Simulation in Healthcare
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
ANGELO MCCLAIN, National Association of Social Workers
LEMMIETTA G. MCNEILLY, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
MARK MERRICK, Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education
DONNA MEYER, Organization of Associate Degree Nursing
JOEL NELSON, Health Resources and Services Administration
WARREN NEWTON, American Board of Family Medicine
BJORG PALSDOTTIR, Training for Health Equity Network (THEnet)
MIGUEL PANIAGUA, National Board of Medical Examiners
RAJATA RAJATANAVIN, Mahidol University
SCOTT REEVES, Kingston University & St. George’s, University of London
EDWARD SALTZMAN, American Society for Nutrition
LUCY SAVITZ, Kaiser Permanente
SUSAN SCRIMSHAW, The Sage Colleges
NELSON SEWANKAMBO, Makerere University College of Health Sciences
STEPHEN SHANNON, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine
JAVAID I. SHEIKH, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar
SUSAN SKOCHELAK, American Medical Association
RICHARD (RICK) TALBOTT, Association of Schools of the Allied Health Professions
ZOHRAY TALIB, The George Washington University
MARIA TASSONE, University of Toronto
GEORGE THIBAULT, Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation
DEBORAH TRAUTMAN, American Association of Colleges of Nursing
MICHELLE TROSETH, National Academies of Practice
RICHARD (RICK) W. VALACHOVIC, American Dental Education Association
ALISON J. WHELAN, Association of American Medical Colleges
ADRIENNE WHITE-FAINES, American Osteopathic Association
HOLLY WISE, American Council of Academic Physical Therapy
XUEJUN ZENG, Peking Union Medical College
BRENDA ZIERLER, University of Washington
Health and Medicine Division Staff
PATRICIA A. CUFF, Senior Program Officer
AMBAR SAEED, Research Associate
ANNA FAHLSTROM, Senior Program Assistant
DANIEL CESNALIS, Financial Associate
JULIE PAVLIN, Board Director, Board on Global Health
1967–2018
Scott Reeves, Ph.D., M.Sc., PGCE
Professor in Interprofessional Research
Centre for Health and Social Care Research
Kingston University & St George’s, University of London
Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education
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Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
KASEY FARRELL, Health Resources And Services Administration
BEVERLEY MALONE, National League for Nursing
KENYA MCRAE, American Osteopathic Association
STEPHEN C. SHANNON, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by CAROL PEARL HERBERT, University of British Columbia. She responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
APA | American Psychological Association |
BOTA | British Orthopaedic Trainees’ Association |
CCI | Compassionate Care Initiative |
GDP | gross domestic product |
HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
NASW | National Association of Social Workers |
OSU | The Ohio State University |
PICU | pediatric intensive care unit |
R2H | Routine to Happiness |
RCVS | Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons |
UVA | University of Virginia |
VA | U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs |
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