D
Acronyms
1D | one dimensional |
2D | two dimensional |
3D | three dimensional |
4D | four dimensional |
ABINIT | a computational software package |
AFRL | Air Force Research Laboratory |
AHE | anomalous Hall effect |
ALD | atomic layer deposition |
AM | additive manufacturing |
AMTIR | a “glass-like” amorphous material that is able to transmit in the |
ANL | Argonne National Laboratory |
appm | atomics parts per million |
APS-U | Advanced Photon Source Upgrade |
APT | atom probe tomography |
ARPA | Advanced Research Projects Agency |
ARPES | angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy |
BCS | Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory (named after John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer) |
BES | Basic Energy Sciences (in DOE Office of Science) |
BESAC | Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee |
BMW | Bayerische Motoren Werke |
BSRF | Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility |
CAD | computer-aided design |
CALPHAD | Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry |
CARR | China Advanced Research Reactor |
CAS | Chinese Academy of Science |
CASTEP | Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (a DFT software package) |
CEA | French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission |
CERN | European Organization for Nuclear Research |
CFM | CFM International |
CFRP | carbon-fiber reinforced polymer |
CFRP | controlled free-radical polymerization |
cGLP | Current Good Laboratory Practice |
cGMP | Current Good Manufacturing Practice |
CIF | Crystallographic Information File |
CIGS | copper-indium-gallium-selenide |
CLP | controlled, living polymerization |
CMC | ceramic-matrix composite |
CMI | Critical Materials Institute |
CMOS | complementary metal-oxide semiconductor |
CNRS | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
CNY | China Renminbi |
cQED | circuit quantum electrodynamics |
CRL | Collaborative Research Laboratory |
CSNS | China Spallation Neutron Source |
CSTI | Council for Science, Technology, and Innovation |
CVD | chemical vapor deposition |
DARPA | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |
DESY | Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron |
DFT | density functional theory |
DMC | Diffusion Monte Carlo |
DMFT | dynamical mean field theory |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
DoD | Department of Defense |
DOE | Department of Energy |
DOI | Department of Interior |
DREAM | software package for 3D data |
DSA | directed self-assembly |
DSM | Dirac semimetal |
DURIP | Defense University Research Instrumentation Program |
EBC | environmental barrier coating |
EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
ESF | European Science Foundation |
ESS | European Spallation Source |
EuMaT | European Platform for Advanced Engineering Materials and Technologies |
EUV | extreme ultraviolet |
EUVL | extreme ultraviolet lithography |
FA | formamidinium, a common component in some perovskites |
FAIR | findable, accessible, interoperable, and reproducible |
FCC | face-centered cubic crystal structure |
FET | field-effect transistor |
FIB | focused ion beam |
FS | Fermi surface |
GBRI | government-backed research institute |
GDP | gross domestic product |
GHG | greenhouse gas |
GRI | Global Reporting Initiative |
HEA | high-entropy alloy |
HFIR | High Flux Isotope Reactor |
HPC | high-performance computing/computer |
HTS | high-temperature superconductivity/superconductor |
HVAC | heating, ventilation, and air conditioning |
IARPA | Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity |
IBM | International Business Machines Corporation |
IBS | Institute for Basic Science |
ICME | Integrated Computational Materials Engineering |
ICME | International Council on Metals and the Environment |
ICMSE | International Conference on Manufacturing Systems Engineering |
ICT | information and communications technology |
IEEE | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
IMPACT | Impulsing Paradigm Change Through Disruptive Technologies Program |
IoT | Internet of Things |
IP | intellectual property |
IPO | initial public offering |
ISI | Institute of Scientific Information |
ISO | International Organization for Standardization |
ISS | International Space Station |
JUMP | Joint University Microelectronics Program |
KBSI | Korean Basic Science Institute |
KIMS | Korean Institute of Materials Science |
KIST | Korean Institute of Science and Technology |
LBL | layer by layer |
LBNL | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
LCA | life cycle analysis |
LCD | liquid crystal display |
LCLS | Linac Coherent Light Source |
LEAP | leading-edge aviation propulsion |
LED | light-emitting diode |
LEGO | line of plastic construction toys manufactured by The Lego Group (the name LEGO is an abbreviation of the two Danish words leg godt, meaning “play well”) |
LLZO | lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide |
MA | methylammonium (a common component in some perovskites) |
MatSEEC | Materials Science and Engineering Expert Committee |
MAX IV | next-generation synchrotron radiation facility in Lund, Sweden |
MBE | molecular beam epitaxy |
MDI | Materials Data Infrastructure |
MEA | medium entropy alloys |
MEMS | microelectromechanical system |
METI | Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry |
MEXT | Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology |
MGI | Materials Genome Initiative |
MOF | metal organic framework |
MPEA | multiprincipal element alloy |
MR | materials research |
MRAM | magnetic random-access memory |
MRI | Major Research Instrumentation |
NAND | negative-AND gate |
NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
NCFET | negative capacitance field-effect transistor |
NIH | National Institutes of Health |
NIPA | N-isopropylacrylamide |
NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology |
NMOS | n-channel metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor |
NNI | National Nanotechnology Initiative |
NNSA | National Nuclear Security Administration |
NOR | Boolean operator that gives the value one if and only if all operands have a value of zero and otherwise has a value of zero |
NREL | National Renewable Energy Laboratory |
NRI | Nanoelectronics Research Initiative |
NSF | National Science Foundation |
NSRC | Nanoscale Science Research Centers |
NSRL | National Software Reference Library |
NV | nitrogen vacancy |
OECD | Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development |
OIL | open innovation laboratory |
OLED | organic light-emitting diode |
ONR | Office of Naval Research |
PCA | principle component analysis |
PCRAM | phase-change random-access memory |
PDMS | polydimethylsiloxane |
PI | principal investigator |
PMOS | p-channel metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor |
PV | photovoltaic |
QIS | quantum information science |
QMC | Quantum Monte Carlo |
R&D | research and development |
RAM | random-access memory |
RC | resistive-capacitive |
RF | radio frequency |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
SESAME | Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East |
SIP | Strategic Innovation Promotion Program |
SLAC | Stanford Linear Accelerator Center |
SME | small and medium-size enterprise |
SNS | Spallation Neutron Source |
SOC | spin-orbit coupling |
SPM | scanning probe microscopy |
SRC | Semiconductor Research Corporation |
SSRF | Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility |
STEM | scanning transmission electron microscope |
STI | science, technology, and innovation |
STM | scanning tunneling microscope |
STT | spin-transfer torque |
TBC | thermal barrier coating |
TDDFT | time-dependent density functional theory |
TEKES | business, Finland |
TEM | transmission electron microscope/microscopy |
TI | topological insulator |
TMD | transition metal dichalcogenide |
TPS | thermal protection system |
TRL | technology readiness level |
TSC | theory, simulation, and computation |
USAF | U.S. Air Force |
VASP | Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Package |
VLSI | very-large-scale integration |
WSM | Weyl semimetal |
YIG | yttrium-iron-garnet |