G
Acronyms and Abbreviations
21CTP | 21st Century Truck Partnership |
A | ampere |
AAR | Association of American Railroads |
ABI | Allied Business Intelligence Research |
ABS | anti-lock braking system |
AC | alternating current |
ACC | American Control Conference |
ACEA | European Automobile Manufacturers Association |
ACEEE | American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy |
ACT | America’s Commercial Transportation Research Company |
AEO | Annual Energy Outlook |
AFDC | Alternative Fuels Data Center |
Ah | amp-hours |
ANL | Argonne National Laboratory |
ARPA-e | Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy |
ASIWPCA | Association of State and Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators |
ASME | American Society of Mechanical Engineering |
AT | automatic transmission |
ATA | American Trucking Associations |
ATI | automatic tire inflation |
ATIS | automatic tire inflation systems |
ATRI | American Transportation Research Institute |
BAU | business-as-usual |
BEV | battery electric vehicle |
BMP | best management plan |
BSG | belt-starter-generator |
BTE | brake thermal efficiency |
BTL | biomass-to-liquid |
CAA | Clean Air Act |
CACC | cooperative adaptive cruise control |
CAD | computer-aided design |
CAFE | corporate average fuel economy |
CalHEAT | California Hybrid, Efficient and Advanced Truck Research Center |
CARB | California Air Resources Board |
Cdwa | wind-averaged drag coefficient |
CFD | computational fluid dynamics |
CGVW | combined gross vehicle weight |
CH4 | methane |
CI | compression-ignition |
CILCC | Combined International Local and Commuter Cycle |
C-ITS | cooperative intelligent transportation systems |
CLEERS | crosscut lean exhaust emissions reduction simulations |
CMU | Carnegie Mellon University |
CN | cetane number |
CNG | compressed natural gas |
CO | carbon monoxide |
CO2 | carbon dioxide |
CRC | Coordinating Research Council |
Crr | rolling resistance coefficient |
CVT | continuously variable transmission |
CWA | Clean Water Act |
DBE | double carbon bond equivalent |
DC | direct current |
DDFS | direct dual-fuel stratification |
DDPP | Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project |
DEF | diesel exhaust fuel |
DICE | Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy Model |
DME | dimethyl ether |
DOC | diesel oxidation catalyst |
DOE | Department of Energy |
DOT | Department of Transportation |
DPF | diesel particulate filter |
EAA | European Aluminum Association |
EC | European Commission |
EDF | Environmental Defense Fund |
EDI | Efficient Powertrains, Inc. |
EDT | electric drive technologies |
EERE | Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy |
EESTT | Electrochemical Energy Storage Technical Team |
EGR | exhaust-gas recirculation |
EIA | Energy Information Administration |
EISA | Energy Independence and Security Act |
EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
EPCA | Energy Policy and Conservation Act |
EPS | electronic power steering |
ET | Economic Times Auto |
EU | European Union |
FACE | Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines |
FAME | fatty acid methyl esters |
FC | fuel cell |
FCEV | fuel cell electric vehicle |
FE | fuel efficiency |
FHEV | full hybrid electric vehicle |
FHWA | Federal Highway Administration |
FMCSA | Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration |
FMEP | friction mean effective pressure |
FTP | Federal Test Procedure |
FUDS | Federal Urban Driving Schedule |
GAO | Government Accountability Office |
GCM | Global Climate Model |
GDCI | gasoline direct-injection compression ignition |
GDI | gasoline direct fuel injection |
GDP | gross domestic product |
GEM | Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model |
GHG | greenhouse gas |
GPS | Global Positioning Systems |
GVW | gross vehicle weight |
GVWR | gross vehicle weight rating |
GWP | global warming potential |
H2O | water |
HC | hydrocarbon |
HCCI | homogenous charge compression ignition |
HDRD | hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel |
HEV | hybrid-electric vehicle |
HHD | heavy heavy duty |
HHV | hydraulic hybrid powertrain vehicle |
hp | horsepower |
HPDI | high-pressure direct injection |
HVAC | heating, ventilation, and air conditioning |
IAM | Integrated Assessment Model |
IC | indirect cost |
ICCT | International Council on Clean Transportation |
ICE | internal combustion engine |
ICM | indirect cost multiplier |
IEA | International Energy Agency |
IMA | integrated motor assist |
i-MMD | intelligent multi-mode drive |
IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
ISG | integrated starter/generator |
ISO | International Organization for Standardization |
ITS | intelligent transportation system |
IWG | Interagency Working Group |
kg | kilogram |
kg/t | kilograms per ton |
kW | kilowatt |
kWh | kilowatt-hour |
L | liter |
LCA | life-cycle assessment |
LCD | liquid-crystal display |
LCFS | low-carbon fuel standard |
LCO | lithium cobalt oxide |
LCV | longer combination vehicles |
LDV | light-duty vehicle |
LFP | lithium iron phosphate |
LHD | light heavy duty |
Li-ion | lithium-ion |
LiNiMnCoO2 | lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide |
LMO | lithium manganese oxide |
LNG | liquefied natural gas |
LRR | low rolling resistance |
LSFC | load-specific fuel consumption |
LTC | low-temperature control |
LTO | lithium titanate oxide |
m2 | meters squared |
m2/g | meters squared per gram |
mAh/g | charge per gram |
MBRC | miles between road calls |
MECA | Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association |
MH | mild hybrid |
MHD | medium heavy duty |
MHDV | medium- and heavy-duty vehicle |
mi | miles |
MJ | megajoule |
MMTCO2e | metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent |
mpg | miles per gallon |
mph | miles per hour |
MRD | multi-ring domed |
MY | model year |
NACFE | North American Council for Freight Efficiency |
NAE | National Academy of Engineering |
NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement |
NAMII | National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute |
NAS | National Academy of Sciences |
NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
NASEM | National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
NCA | nickel-cobalt-aluminum-oxide |
NCM | nickel-cobalt-manganese |
NEMS | National Energy Modeling System |
NESCCAF | Northeast States Center for a Clean Air Future |
NG | natural gas |
NGV | natural gas vehicle |
NGWBS | next-generation wide-based single |
NHTSA | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |
Ni-Cd | nickel-cadmium |
NiMH | nickel-metal hydride |
Nm | Newton-meter |
NNI | National Nanotechnology Initiative |
NNMI | National Network for Manufacturing Innovation |
NO | nitric oxide |
NO2 | nitrogen dioxide |
NOx | nitrous oxides |
NPC | National Petroleum Council |
NPRM | notice of proposed rulemaking |
NRC | National Research Council |
NREL | National Renewable Energy Laboratory |
NTEA | Association for the Work Truck Industry |
OBD | on-board diagnostics |
OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
OEM | original equipment manufacturer |
OPEC | Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries |
ORC | organic Rankine cycle |
ORNL | Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
OTAQ | Office of Transportation and Air Quality |
P | power |
PCCI | premixed charge compression-ignition |
PEM | polymer exchange membrane |
Peng | engine power demand |
PFI | port fuel injection |
PGM | platinum group metal |
PHEV | plug-in hybrid electric vehicle |
PM | particulate matter |
PM2.5 | fine particulate matter |
PMI | particulate matter index |
PPC | partially premixed combustion |
PS | power split |
psi | pounds per square inch |
PSI | Power Solutions International |
PTO | power-take-off |
R&D | research and development |
RCCI | reactivity controlled compression ignition |
RFS | Renewable Fuel Standard |
RFS2 | Renewable Fuel Standard Program (2) |
RGGI | Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative |
RIA | Regulatory Impact Analysis |
RIN | Renewable Identification Number |
ROI | return-on-investment |
RON | research octane number |
RPE | retail price equivalent |
RPM | revolutions per minute |
RSW | resistance spot welding |
SAE | Society of Automotive Engineers |
SCAQMD | South Coast Air Quality Management District |
SCC | social cost of carbon |
SCR | selective catalytic reduction |
SES | Stored Energy Solutions |
SI | spark-ignition |
SLM | selective laser melting |
SOC | state of charge |
SOT | statement of task |
SOx | sulfur oxides |
SS | stop-start |
ST | SuperTruck |
STAA | Surface Transportation Assistance Act |
SwRI | Southwest Research Institute |
TARDEC | Tank Automotive Research Development and Engineering Center |
TMC | Technology and Maintenance Council |
TP | tractive power |
TPMS | tire pressure monitoring system |
TTW | tank to wheel |
TWC | three-way catalyst |
UPS | United Parcel Service of America |
USABC | United States Automotive Battery Consortium |
U.S. DRIVE | United States Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability |
V | volt |
V2P | vehicle-to-pedestrian |
V2V | vehicle-to-vehicle |
VANET | Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network |
VIUS | Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey |
VMT | vehicle miles traveled |
VOC | volatile organic compound |
VPD | vehicle power demand |
VVA | variable valve actuation |
VVT | variable valve timing |
W/kg | watts per kilogram |
WBG | wide band gap |
WBST | wide-base single tire |
Wh/kg | watt-hours per kilogram |
Wh/l | watt-hours per liter |
WHR | waste-heat recovery |
WQA | Water Quality Act |
WTT | well-to-tank |
WTW | well-to-wheels |
WVU | West Virginia University |