Sustainable Highway Construction (2019)

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145 Appendix A: Survey Results Summary

146 A1. SURVEY TEXT This is the text from the online survey. Sustainable Highway Construction Practices Welcome to the survey Thank you for taking the time to participate. This survey is being conducted in conjunction with the National Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 10-91A, which is titled "Sustainable Highway Construction." We want to ask you a few questions about sustainability and how it relates to construction. We want to know what you think (good or bad), as well as what you have done, seen, or heard about. Even if you have not directly participated in highway/street construction, we still want to hear from you. The survey should take less than 10 minutes. The survey will cover the following items:  Demographics. A little bit of information about you and the organization within which you work.  Personal and organizational association with sustainability. Describe what "sustainability" means to you.  Sustainability in highway construction practices. Describe those practices you have done, seen, or heard about that might be considered sustainable.

147 Informed Consent This is the official version of what we are required to tell you about your participation in the survey. Lead Researcher: Dr. Steve Muench, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA (206) 616-1259 stmuench@uw.edu Researchers’ statement We are asking you to be in a research study. The purpose of this consent form is to give you the information you will need to help you decide whether to be in the study or not. Please read the form carefully. You may ask questions (send to Dr. Steve Muench at stmuench@uw.edu) about the purpose of the research, what we would ask you to do, the possible risks and benefits, your rights as a volunteer, and anything else about the research or this form that is not clear. When we have answered all your questions, you can decide if you want to be in the study or not. This process is called “informed consent.” PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The objectives of this research are to (1) identify effective sustainability practices that can be implemented during the construction of highway projects, and (2) prepare a guidebook that can be used by owners, contractors, and designers to aid them in identifying, evaluating, and selecting these sustainable construction practices. STUDY PROCEDURES For this research, you are being asked to take an online survey (estimated at You may refuse to answer any of the questions we ask. You may also decide to stop participating during or after answering questions. Up to one month after providing answers, you may request that any answers you may have provided will be removed from the research database. After this time we will have removed all identifiable information from the data, meaning we will no longer be able to identify which answers you provided. Everything that you say will be confidential, and your identity will never be reported along with any research publications or reports. RISKS, STRESS, OR DISCOMFORT We do not anticipate any risks resulting from your participation in this study. However, it is likely that other contractors or agencies will learn about the sustainability practices you describe to us. BENEFITS OF THE STUDY There are no individual benefits to you for participating in this study. However, your participation will help define and disseminate best practices in sustainability for highway construction, which may have a significant positive impact on society and the environment. SOURCE OF FUNDING The study team is funded by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) for the conduct of this project. CONFIDENTIALITY OF RESEARCH INFORMATION All of the information you provide will be confidential, and any links to your identity will be deleted one month after data collection. However, if we learn that you intend to harm yourself or others, we must report that to the authorities. OTHER INFORMATION You may refuse to participate and you are free to withdraw from this study at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled. REQUIRED FINANCIAL INTEREST DISCLOSURE One University of Washington researcher, Dr. Steve Muench, has appropriately disclosed his financial interest in the Greenroads Foundation, a collaborator in this research and a privately held not-for-profit entity formed with Intellectual Property licensed from the University of Washington. Dr. Muench is a Founder and Board Member of the Greenroads Foundation, services for which he has received no compensation since the company's inception in August 2010.

148 Section 1: Demographics We want to gather some information about your organization and where/how it works with highway construction. Logic: Show/hide trigger exists. 1) Which of the following most accurately explains your organization's role in the Engineering/Construction Industry? You may select more than one if you or your organization has more than one role on the list. For instance, some construction firms are also material suppliers. [ ] Construction Firm [ ] Public Owner [ ] Private Owner [ ] Material Supplier [ ] Design Firm [ ] Trade Association [ ] Other Logic: Hidden unless: Question "Which of the following most accurately explains your organization's role in the Engineering/Construction Industry? You may select more than one if you or your organization has more than one role on the list. For instance, some construction firms are also material suppliers." #1 is one of the following answers ("Other") 2) You answered "other" in the previous question. Please describe the type of organization you are associated with. _________________________________________________

149 Logic: Hidden unless: Question "Which of the following most accurately explains your organization's role in the Engineering/Construction Industry? You may select more than one if you or your organization has more than one role on the list. For instance, some construction firms are also material suppliers." #1 is one of the following answers ("Construction Firm","Material Supplier") 3) Please indicate the size of your organization: ( ) Annual revenue less than $36.5 million (U.S. Small Business Administration definition of a small business in highway/street/bridge construction) ( ) Annual revenue between $36.5 million and $1 billion (generally accepted U.S. definition of a "mid-sized business") ( ) Annual revenue greater than $1 billion (generally accepted U.S. definition of a "large business") Logic: Hidden unless: Question "Which of the following most accurately explains your organization's role in the Engineering/Construction Industry? You may select more than one if you or your organization has more than one role on the list. For instance, some construction firms are also material suppliers." #1 is one of the following answers ("Design Firm","Consultant (but not an Architecture/Engineering Firm)") 4) Please indicate the size of your organization: ( ) Annual revenue less than $15 million (U.S. Small Business Admin. definition of a small business in engineering services) ( ) Annual revenue between $15 million and $1 billion (generally accepted U.S. definition of a "mid-sized business") ( ) Annual revenue greater than $1 billion (generally accepted U.S. definition of a "large business")

150 Logic: Hidden unless: Question "Which of the following most accurately explains your organization's role in the Engineering/Construction Industry? You may select more than one if you or your organization has more than one role on the list. For instance, some construction firms are also material suppliers." #1 is one of the following answers ("Public Owner") 5) For which type of public owner do you work? ( ) Federal Government (USDOT, FHWA, FTA, EPA, etc.) ( ) State Department of Transportation ( ) City, County, Metropolitan Planning Org. or other local government entity ( ) Other Logic: Show/hide trigger exists. 6) What kind of position do you hold in your organization? We have listed relevant categories as they are defined by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. ( ) Official/Executive (for example, CEO, President, VP, Director, owner, etc.) ( ) Management (have a management role in projects but not upper management, for example project manager, superintendent) ( ) Professional (requiring college graduation or equivalent experience, for example, Project Engineer) ( ) Craft Worker (manual workers of high skill/knowledge; for example, carpenter, ironworker, equipment operator, etc.) ( ) Technician (uses scientific knowledge, 2 yrs. post high school training; for example, programmer, drafter, lab technician) ( ) Other

151 Logic: Hidden unless: Question "What kind of position do you hold in your organization? We have listed relevant categories as they are defined by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission." #6 is one of the following answers ("Other") 7) You answered "other" in the previous question. Please describe the position you hold within your organization. _________________________________________________ 8) Please indicate where your organization does work (choose all that apply). [ ] Region 1- Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island [ ] Region 2- New York, New Jersey [ ] Region 3- Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia [ ] Region 4- Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands [ ] Region 5- Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin [ ] Region 6- Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas [ ] Region 7- Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska [ ] Region 8- Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming

152 [ ] Region 9- Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Guam, American Samoa and North Marianas [ ] Region 10- Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Washington [ ] International (outside the U.S.) Logic: Show/hide trigger exists. 9) Please select the project delivery systems with which you are involved or have been involved professionally (Check all that apply). [ ] Design-Bid-Build (owner has separate contracts for the design and construction of a facility) [ ] Design Build (owner has one contract for the design and construction of a facility) [ ] Design Build Operate (or other more complex form of design build) [ ] Construction Management (owner has a contract for the management of construction and may have other contracts for the design and construction) [ ] Public Private Partnership [ ] Other [ ] Do not know Logic: Hidden unless: Question "Please select the project delivery systems with which you are involved or have been involved professionally (Check all that apply). " #9 is one of the following answers ("Other") 10) You answered "other" for the previous question. Please describe the type of project delivery system you are thinking of that we did not have listed. _________________________________________________

153 Logic: Show/hide trigger exists. 11) May we contact you about your survey results? One of our chief aims for this survey is to identify people that may be able to contribute further to this research. Specifically, we are looking for individuals that would be willing to: Be interviewed by the research team (either in-person on remotely) for no more than 30 minutes on the topic of sustainable construction. Attend a 1-day workshop on sustainable highway construction in Irvine, CA at the Beckman Center on November 13th, 2017. Saying that we may contact you in no way commits you to either of these activities. ( ) Yes ( ) No Logic: Hidden unless: Question "May we contact you about your survey results? One of our chief aims for this survey is to identify people that may be able to contribute further to this research. Specifically, we are looking for individuals that would be willing to: Be interviewed by the research team (either in-person on remotely) for no more than 30 minutes on the topic of sustainable construction. Attend a 1-day workshop on sustainable highway construction in Irvine, CA at the Beckman Center on November 13th, 2017. Saying that we may contact you in no way commits you to either of these activities. " #11 is one of the following answers ("Yes") 12) Please fill out as much of the following as you are comfortable doing. First Name: _________________________________________________ Last Name: _________________________________________________ Title: _________________________________________________ Company Name: _________________________________________________ City: _________________________________________________ State: _________________________________________________ Email Address: _________________________________________________ Phone Number: _________________________________________________

154 Section 2: Personal and Organizational Association with Sustainability We want to understand how you view the term "sustainability" and how your organization addresses it. 13) What does sustainability mean to you? We are looking for your personal interpretation of "sustainability". ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 14) Using the scale below, indicate your level of agreement with the following statement: "Sustainability is a core value of my organization/company." ( ) Disagree Strongly ( ) Disagree ( ) Neutral ( ) Agree ( ) Agree Strongly 15) In another study on sustainability, the following items were identified as the motivation for sustainability. We would like your opinion on these items. Please rank them from (1) highest motivation, through (5) lowest motivation. ________Minimization of environmental impact due to highway construction activities ________Optimization of life-cycle cost of highway infrastructure ________Increased use of recycled and renewable materials in highway construction ________Efficient use of energy and resources in highway construction ________Reduction of waste at all levels of organization in highway construction projects

155 16) In a previous study on sustainability, the following were identified as negative impacts from construction activities. Just thinking about these items, please rank them from (1) most significant impact, to (5) least significant impact. ________Air pollution ________Impact on human health ________Water quality degradation ________Impact on biodiversity ________Impact on human comfort

156 Section 3: Sustainability in Highway Construction Practices We want to know what you have done or seen that could at all be considered "sustainable". If you are not sure, include it. We want to capture as many ideas as possible. 17) In your experience are you aware of sustainability-related innovations/practices in the following broad areas of construction? If so, please identify them. Please make sure to especially consider practices that you consider above and beyond the regulatory minimum, or normal practice. In other words, things that are not required on all projects. Sustainable practices in these organizational areas? Organizational strategy and culture Policies and programs Human Resources Marketing ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Sustainable practices in these project delivery areas? Contract type Pricing method Project delivery method Project selection criteria Materials and project procurement Contract provisions ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Sustainable practices in these project administration areas? Project administration Scheduling

157 Estimating Public outreach ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Sustainable practices in these project areas? Earthwork Drainage/sewer/water Structures Paving Landscaping Materials/energy ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Sustainable practices in these project areas? Traffic control and signalization Safety Constructability ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Is there a sustainability-related innovation or practice that does not fit in the previous areas? If so, please describe it here. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

158 This page asks about the consequences of or recognition for sustainable practices. 18) Please describe an example where a supposed sustainable solution failed to produce the desired outcome. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 19) Please describe something that your organization did or participated in that you believed to be sustainable, but it was never described or recognized as sustainable. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 20) Please describe a time when your organization was rewarded in any way for doing something sustainable on a project. Some examples might be: It helped you or your organization get extra points for technical merit on a best value contract It contributed to the project receiving an award (for example, from a trade/professional association) It contributed to the project being certified by a rating organization/authority (for example, LEED, Greenroads, INVEST, Envision) ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Logic: Show/hide trigger exists. Hidden unless: Question "May we contact you about your survey results? One of our chief aims for this survey is to identify people that may be able to contribute

159 further to this research. Specifically, we are looking for individuals that would be willing to: Be interviewed by the research team (either in-person on remotely) for no more than 30 minutes on the topic of sustainable construction. Attend a 1-day workshop on sustainable highway construction in Irvine, CA at the Beckman Center on November 13th, 2017. Saying that we may contact you in no way commits you to either of these activities. " #11 is one of the following answers ("No") 21) One more ask, may we contact you about your survey results? (We know you said "no" earlier but perhaps you have changed your mind?) Remember, we are looking for individuals that would be willing to: Be interviewed by the research team (either in-person on remotely) for no more than 30 minutes on the topic of sustainable construction. Attend a 1-day workshop on sustainable highway construction in Irvine, CA at the Beckman Center on November 13th, 2017. Saying that we may contact you in no way commits you to either of these activities. ( ) Yes ( ) No Logic: Hidden unless: Question "One more ask, May we contact you about your survey results? (We know you said "no" earlier but perhaps you have changed your mind?) Remember, we are looking for individuals that would be willing to: Be interviewed by the research team (either in-person on remotely) for no more than 30 minutes on the topic of sustainable construction. Attend a 1-day workshop on sustainable highway construction in Irvine, CA at the Beckman Center on November 13th, 2017. Saying that we may contact you in no way commits you to either of these activities. " #21 is one of the following answers ("Yes") 22) Please fill out as much of the following as you are comfortable doing.

160 First Name: _________________________________________________ Last Name: _________________________________________________ Title: _________________________________________________ Company Name: _________________________________________________ City: _________________________________________________ State: _________________________________________________ Email Address: _________________________________________________ Phone Number: _________________________________________________ 23) Please enter any other comments you might have about sustainability or this survey. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Thank You! Thank you for taking the survey on sustainable highway construction practices. We know that your time is valuable, and we appreciate your contribution. -The research team Steve Muench, University of Washington (stmuench@uw.edu) Giovanni Migliaccio, University of Washington Amlan Mukherjee, Michigan Technological University Jessica Kaminsky, University of Washington Jeralee Anderson, Greenroads Foundation

161 A2. SURVEY RAW RESPONSES Sustainable practices in these organizational areas? (58 responses) Our Governor has signed Administrative Order No. 278, with a 15% aspirational goal of on-the-job training for state residents. While it can't be enforced on federally funded projects, it can be enforced on state funded projects. Alaska DOT&PF is committed to Results Based Analysis to align Department practices with our mission statement of "Keep Alaska Moving through service and infrastructure. We are committed to lowering energy requirements in the buildings that we maintain. Eurobitume has participated in dialogue with The European Commission and Members of the European Parliament on policy and programs. We also discuss with road owner associations and other stakeholders regarding policy and programs. We strive to be conscientious and equitable in our internal workings, and make every effort to comply with current requirements. We have recently created our first Transportation Asset Management Plan (TAMP) and are using it to guide our path for the next 10-15 years. Succession planning is also becoming a large part of our plans. We have worked to increase the number of entry level workers who will lead the department with an emphasis on diversity and innovative thinking. Human Resources - We have recognized a need to hire because the current rate of employee attrition has impacted our ability to perform. Increased use of asset management practices. Performance Management and measurement as they relate to the Strategic Plan. Manufacturing waste reduction. Marketing reduction of print media. We have participated in targeted hiring for minority contractor employees in areas near a construction corridor. We have certainly been more sensitive to how our operations impact all of these areas in recent years as opposed to decades of "doing it that way because that's how we always do it". We have been more responsible I believe. This was mostly a top-down change. Our materials specifications and allowances for recycled materials consider sustainability. We are covering sustainable design in many of our courses and evaluating materials (additives) that can reduce life cycle cost and/or impact of highway construction. We have published several articles on this topic and developed some tools for estimating environmental impact and energy savings. We are looking to expand our workforce's diversity both on the Department's side and our business partners where possible. The Organization is beginning to discuss sustainability more, but has not fully implemented these types of practices. Corporate policy for vehicle idling, (5 min. max). There is loads of information from the UN about themes behind these areas. Electronic marketing and bidding of construction implementation. As pavement design is one of our primary activities, we are looking a methods to reduce the use of materials, and to use recycled materials. WSDOT is aggressively pursuing increasing the percentage of DBE firms participating in construction projects. Use of cloud digital storage rather than paper copies. Use of digital signatures in lieu of requiring hard copy signatures. I am familiar with companies who have focused on suicide prevention programs which is known as the "silent killer of constructions workers." Developed and issued a policy statement.

162 Other than Caltrans, most agencies that I work with do not seem to emphasize sustainable practices in their organizational activities outside of their use of recycling containers and automatic lighting and climate controls. I am not sufficiently familiar with Caltrans organizational practices to comment on them. Sustainable practices are part of our corporate culture and becoming more ingrained in our business units culture. Part of the value we bring to industry are specialty solutions to improve sustainability of industrial applications such as road construction. Industry and our major customer, the DOT, are working to reduce millings, increase the use of RAP, and implement pavement preservation techniques to increase service life. Marketing warm mix asphalt technology and asphalt products that facilitate increased recycled asphalt usage. Mission, Vision and Goal statements for the company have been revised to include sustainability at a higher level. We have multiple sustainability projects, regarding using CRM and shingles. Hiring low-risk Ex-convicts and supporting the organization that provided the pre-training. Taking advantage of state laws programs to use renewable power sources and grant programs to make operations more electric efficient. We have a sustainability committee and have completed a first draft of a sustainability plan. We have included sustainability-related objectives in employees’ job descriptions such that they are evaluated against them annually. We track enterprise-wide and regional sustainability metrics for our design/construction and operation projects. Hire paid student interns, provide ongoing training in environmental and safety, employees are members of trade unions, emphasis on hiring from minority community, engaged in Wisconsin Sustainability Business Council to benchmark and improve sustainability. Pave Green. Development of a corporate sustainability plan with goals, metrics, and reporting/continuous improvement well ahead of highway construction industry in US. I am aware of industry efforts to label products with respect to impact and sustainability. Maryland SHA has initiated several policies that allow for increasing the amount of recycled asphalt pavement to be used in mixtures. Also, policies are in place for allowing warm mix asphalt use in production plants in order to lower emissions. Setting up "urban offices" in major cities to accommodate employers. Allowing employees to telecommute. Instituting healthy living series including on-site exercise and local produce-buying programs. Construction Division work closely with the Environmental Division to facilitate communication and understanding of Environmental issues. Use recycling at work for waste. Elements of sustainable construction are within our organizations strategic plan. Policies and Programs: specifications exist for use of recycled asphalt pavement material, recycled glass, warm mix asphalt in construction projects. We have organized interdisciplinary teams to assist clients in the promotion and delivery of sustainable and resilient projects. Corporate reporting of sustainable practices/activities Recycling. Having environmental "engineers and scientists" on staff. Many organizations are putting a tremendous amount of effort into Knowledge Management and mentoring of staff to sustain levels of service. Recent retirements of baby boomers as well as the too frequent reductions in staffing levels have caused staffing qualifications to degrade. Our safety programs go above most in our industry. Incidents and lost time require significant investment in additional resources. Avoiding incidents reduces waste.

163 We helped organize and continue to participate in industry activities to lower cement Co2, and develop better practices to design pavements and buildings. anti-idling, use of low sulfur diesel fuel, dust mitigation, construction vehicle washing for invasive species control, recycle material, recycle scrap materials. We have marketed our IDriveArkansas website that I reference below. Asphalt Institute is a strong supporter of quality construction and manufacturing. We support these efforts through our magazine, training, and engineers. Sustainability is often "words" only by the management. It looks good to the outside world but it should not be more expensive. Purchasing locally whenever possible (e.g. NOT buying Fiji water or Perrier...). Using refillable containers and tap water as a matter of standard protocol. Rely on electronic documents rather than paper copies whenever possible. specifically. NYSDOT implemented a transportation environmental sustainability rating program, GreenLITES (Green Leadership in Transportation Environmental Sustainability). We have included contract provisions in several large projects to encourage contractors to use local resources such as labor and suppliers. Our organization has changed the past strategy and culture (build, build, build.....) to a more "if we build how will we maintain" strategy. This has resulted in continual changes, to better meet the desired goals, in both our policies and programs. We try to hire people locally looking who prefer a stable, long-term relationship that will integrate into a family/team atmosphere. When reconstructing a pavement -- reuse all of the RAP and Crushed concrete and excess fill material all within the highway right-of-way (IL Tollway.) Including statement of sustainability in mission statement, including a definition of sustainability. Including sustainability-related goals in policies. Developing performance measures for sustainability goals and policies, practices to meet them, and tracking progress towards meeting them. Hiring someone with sustainability improvement as job description, such as Caltrans. There is a ton of marketing, much of it previously useless. Production of EPDs by pavement industries, and starting to get some from individual companies. Requiring EPDs, California High Speed Rail, being developed by Caltrans. Performing LCA and LCCA as part of practices by Caltrans for all new pavement initiatives. Using other tools to measure change and progress as done by a number of agencies. Technical Certification training offered through local education resources in nontraditional communities.

164 Sustainable practices in these project delivery areas? (66 responses) I recently read an article describing the reconstruction of a roadway bridge over an active freight rail line where the structural elements were made from 'glulam' wood beams and timber decking. Using a completely wood structure reduced the weight of the bridge while delivering a structure that has a design life of 100 years. International Partnering Institute IPD delivery type. We are advocating the use of hard aggregate in the top lift of asphalt pavement, to provide longer design life of highways. Design and contract provisions are based on proven methods of construction. Development of Life Cycle Inventory data for stakeholders. Participation in development of Product Category Rules. Creation of wetland banks and stream mitigation sites. Protection of endangered species and habitat. water quality initiatives. We operate on a system where we or our consultants design projects and then we let and award to the low bidder. Utilizing more design-build contracts on larger projects. LCCA is also becoming prevalent. Asset management approach to construction practices to maximize the budget. Our consulting specialty is materials durability. This primarily involves selecting materials which will minimize maintenance over the long term. This has "sustainability" impacts which are considered, but initial cost still looms large in most decisions. On call contracts for construction and personal services. We have certainly been avoiding fully reconstructing in favor of preserving existing infrastructure. Our program delivery area has the biggest focus on sustainability. We actively monitor the amount of recycled materials used as a performance measure. We also work with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources to look for opportunities to incorporate large-volume industrial byproducts like foundry sand into our projects. In a few of our research projects with Industry we are quantifying effects of new materials in terms of energy requirements, life cycle cost, and possible environmental impact in relative sense. Our agency uses an e-Construction system to deliver plans, specification, and contract documents to the contractors intending to bid work. We then only accept electric bids through this system. We are in year 2 of construction of our first P3 project. In our consideration of project delivery method (design-bid-build, design-build, 3P, CMAR) we include decision points that include impacts on the public such as construction time. We are working towards the use of Public Private partnerships to make positive changes such as changing to LED lighting. Alternative Technical Concept (ATC) write-ups often require statements regarding how the ATC is "sustainable" and/or impacts to the local public. I have worked on several design-build projects. Contractors that are allowed to think outside the box often find solutions that benefit them financially and also cost less, use less resources, use acceptable if not premium materials with no loss of performance, and their projects tend to be more upbeat and creative. Multiple publications in this area. Many highway project are now being advertised and design built or similar innovative contracting practices to extend the resources and deliver faster. We are currently using early contractor involvement for a bridge project over AMTRAK. We believe in providing maximum flexibility to the contractor by using design-build criteria where possible. Sustainable project objectives need to be identified in the contract if the contractor is expected to respond to them.

165 Example: Contracts for construction now put focus on performance related specifications for both materials and for construction of pavements and structures. Prescriptive / method specifications are being replaced resulting in improved quality and innovation. Use of quantifiable and value-driven project selection criteria. See VDOT's SmartScale for an example. It is my understanding that the ultimate I-4 project in Florida factored in the green rating systems Envision into their project selection criteria. Utilize alternate project delivery methods to improve innovation and shorter project delivery schedules (less impact). Economics and construction efficacy remain the two primary driving forces in project delivery, in my opinion, for most agencies - a balance of getting the project done quickly (minimal disruption) and at an acceptable cost. Perceived noise issues may influence pavement surface type selection (e.g., AZ practices of immediately overlaying all PCCP with rubberized asphalt and Minnesota legislative mandate for asphalt surface on concrete pavement on I-394 through an affluent suburb). Material provider. Supplying asphalt materials to meet complex project scheduling. Need to be more efficient in the ability to reduce support costs in developing design-bid-build projects. We are working on new crumb rubber materials to ensure quality of HMA. We've been involved in LEED certified projects but the LEED system was designed to end at the door of the building or curb and did not involve the parking lots. The contractor send the info into the GC or architect to show how much recycling was done and how far the raw materials came from but the "credit" that is given is not monetary for the producer or the contractor. The credit or "points" go to the owner and architect. The only incentive for the contractor is that it's a marketing tool that X contractor worked on a Gold Certified LEED project and did nothing different with their process or materials. We are using more IDIQ to streamline certain contracts. Initiated the construction materials recycle program in late 1990s at TxDOT. We have used sustainability-related criteria for evaluating proposals. Over the past approximately 10 years, we have worked on increasing and improving our use of sustainability contract provisions. This includes requirements for sustainability-related pre- and post-construction submittals, as well as material sources/types, and construction practices. involved in test projects to increase RAS, and others to increase crumb rubber, different WMA additives. Materials Selection and project procurement Contract provisions. Environmental goals in Design/Build projects. Always willing to engage in alternative procurement contracts, several of which were "first-time" contracts for DOTs. Project delivery can be affected either adversely or positively depending upon an agency's view of practices such as the use of recycled materials. If an agency minimizes the use of RAP in its contract provisions it may cause some contractors to withhold bids. use of recycled construction materials. Maryland SHA works with our District Offices in order to try new products that can increase durability of our pavements, shorten the construction timeframe, or enhance our pavement preservation program. We also take into account environmental distresses when approving new products: whether it be to humans, our waterways, or the environment in general. This is generally not applicable to my institution, although TTI does execute limited contracts for field projects. In those cases promoting bidding among local contractors and employing as much as possible readily accessible materials to minimize hauling distances. In materials selection, a complete life-cycle cost analysis, in terms of economics and environmental impacts, is not yet the norm. However research organizations like MIT have developed significant tools

166 to do so. This is true both for analyses of individual projects, as well as statewide pavement networks. Further complete analyses of pavements should also include user costs, such as fuel economy. Use of recycled pavement, use best management practices for stormwater management. Use of RAP in asphalt mix designs. Materials and project procurement: use of recycled materials (asphalt pavement, glass), warm mix asphalt in projects. Our organization is actively engaged in several large ($1B+) design-build projects and PPP highway projects to accelerate the delivery of these projects and place the facilities into service sooner, thus reducing congestion and its effects more quickly. Encouraging and using reclaimed/recycled materials Life-Cycle Analysis Warm Mix Asphalt use of alternative and recycled fuels as an energy source. We are working on a new project delivery success assessment method based on Langston's 3D Model (2013). Making recycling a viable option in plans. DBOM and other PPP strategies are becoming increasingly popular to many agency/owners. The use of performance based specifications is also on the rise. Developed EPDs of our products. Use waste derived fuels to make our products. using GreenLITES program, specify in contract the use of specific materials (warm mix asphalt, limit cut and fills, use of RAP, etc.) We are focusing more on pavement preservation by using new (to us) pavement treatment methods to prolong the life of our pavements and keep costs. Sustainability in contracts and construction - in Europe - is driven by governments’ incentives. In areas where no incentives are present, sustainable construction activities happen much less. Only if the government really demands and pushes it, it gets done. We have used Design-Build and CM/GC procurement methods. I would call this innovative or cutting edge perhaps but not sustainable. We've already abandoned design-build due to the increased cost, reduction in quality, and minimal time saving. development of new materials and practices to increase the life cycle of asphalt paving. Use of design-build or value engineering principles to allow contractors/consultants to apply innovations that may reduce impacts, improve efficiency and speed construction. Allowing flexibility tends to encourage innovative approaches to solve challenges more efficiently. a recent road project, recycle material specifications was compulsory applied in the project with at least 10% from the total material, the price of recycling material was a little bit more expensive than the natural raw material due to transportation rate. We have been using Design-Build as a way to speed up the construction of projects. We have also used new and more durable materials, such as stainless steel rebar and new types of concrete, to extend the life of projects. We have used contract provisions, such as incentive/disincentive clauses, to speed up the delivery of projects. I am aware of project delivery techniques that facilitate sustainability are being included in contract language or in design/construction requirements from owners. To deliver our projects we rely on contract bidding to get the best (lowest) cost. This is not always the best way to decide which bid gets the job -- you get what you pay for. We now do regional contract with renewables and are also doing more design-build projects. We participate with owners/agencies in advisory and innovation groups resulting in cost saving/sustainability improvements that can be adopted into contract provisions and specifications. Select project pavement/bridge type based on overall life cycle cost and energy use. Use of alternative technical concepts. Procurement of items by the agency for installation by the contractor to reduce material costs.

167 Including environmental impact assessment in procurement of materials in NL. Including environmental impact assessment in design in NL. Including sustainability goals in development in requirements for DB functionality definition for design in various places. Lump sum performance specifications for erosion control. Sustainable practices in these project administration areas? (50 responses) On a major reconstruction of the interstate highway through Denver, the project team established four primary goals with the first one being 'minimize the impact on the public'. This primary goal influenced many of the approaches to how the project was executed - from noise mitigation to minimizing the number of traffic switches. e-Construction Mobile Devices Digitalization of the construction process HeadLight PlanGrid, Procore, Bluebeam. We are an institute of higher education and conduct public outreach providing (subject specific) educational sustainability workshops to construction industry. Use of electronic Design, Bidding, and Project Management with AASHTO ware. Eurobitume has an active communication policy for sustainability. We use incentive / disincentive provisions in our contracts, and require the contractors to provide CPM's. We are constantly seeking public input. Preparing for the future of project inspection as our internal workforce ages out and hiring new folks becomes harder. Adhering to all NEPA standards as related to public outreach. using mobile construction/e-construction to go paperless for project inspection reports and other documents. Incentives to complete work faster. This is less inconvenience for the public and reducing construction congestion quicker reduces air pollution. We are much more careful when scoping projects and developing the workplan to use realistic cost estimating including ADA costs and environmental costs particularly when upgrading or replacing drainage. We are looking to e-documentation initiatives within the contracting area. We are providing more mobile technology to our project staff. We do use Astaire to track daily work, but we have found limited efficiency. We have developed our own SharePoint site and are developing several applications for data collection and other e-construction tools. ADOT has begun implementation of e-construction activities such as: electronic diaries (have had for many years), use of DocuSign for electronic document signing both internally and with our contractors. On several of our Design-Build projects we have required the contractor/developer to provide tablets to ADOT staff to enable our inspectors to have the most up to date plans and specifications available. ADOT has a very effective public outreach program to give ample public notification to planned construction closures and disruptions. Using DMS signs, traditional media, social media, etc. We utilize local material suppliers whenever possible/feasible. When contractors and engineers work together with in loose guidelines, each allowed the freedom of his/her own best judgement, rather than forced to follow written and rigid and inhuman -with no judgement- specifications, some of which were sloppily put together for other projects, the project deliver better products, for less money and disturbance. Multiple publications in this area. Practical design principles are applied during project development to truly address the essential project objectives. Public input is considered while setting up the goals and objectives.

168 In our construction inspection activities, we are using electronic documentation systems to reduce paperwork, and administrative time. Use of life-cycle cost analysis in project selection. Selecting projects based on real (quantified) value to citizens. I am aware of contractors that created a community board that they met with regularly to hear concerns and collaboratively develop solutions. I am not aware of much in this area. Material provider. Better communication with executive management and staff in understanding projects needs and reaching out to the public more for input to make efficient changes. E-bidding is a standard for most agencies now. We're all trying to reduce paper. We're always trying to improve our safety record and using techniques for our employees to operate in a safer manner, which affects our families and general public. Having efficient logistics is the one of the biggest saving for the Hot Mix Asphalt and Paving industry. Making the trucks use least amount of energy to haul the most amount of products is key and is always being monitored and updated. We are implementing new Astaire construction and materials with mobile inspector for contract administration. Involved in Environmental Leadership program for our plants at the state level with the Wisconsin DNR. Goal is to go beyond regulatory requirements in safety, environmental, community relations, and plant appearance. Project Administration. Paperless documentation. Committed public information officers (PIO) on large projects. Public outreach is probably the weakest area when it comes to choosing sustainable practices. It seems like only trade associations are proud of the sustainability efforts of using RAP or WMA. When scheduling a project that is outside the normal construction methods (i.e., Cold In-Place Recycling), the neighborhood is notified of what will be taking place, how it may impact them and contact information. Minimizing out-of-state travel. Promoting teleconferencing. In materials selection, a complete life-cycle cost analysis, in terms of economics and environmental impacts, is not yet the norm. However research organizations like MIT have developed significant tools to do so. This is true both for analyses of individual projects, as well as statewide pavement networks. Further complete analyses of pavements should also include user costs, such as fuel economy. Repurpose old bridge railing for public use. Make bike trails out of old railroad beds, Design shared use paths into typical sections of roadways. Use of recycled materials in place of rip rap. Using old bridge structures for fish habitat. Save project time with recycled asphalt base. Public Outreach: Pamphlets/brochures related to construction project information/updates printed on recycled paper and distributed to residents/businesses affected by the project. Limiting traffic disruptions (lowing fuel used by travelers). Staff reductions in many agencies has resulted in a marked increase in utilization of consultant inspectors on many public works projects. A more educated/involved public has also caused a need for more sophisticated broader public outreach for projects. ATDM practices, getting info out via web, VMS, planning for alternate ped/bike access, ride share, construction timing, - Prospect Mtn example, drivers first, We are in the process of transitioning to a paperless electronic document system from the bidding of the projects through the construction of the project. Working to bring e-construction to the filed. Approximately 20% of project in 2017. Hope to be 100% by 2019

169 Our construction inspection staff use a mobile app called Mobile Inspector to complete DWR entries while at the job site, which improves their productivity. We have been experimenting with digital project delivery, using 3D models, and the use of CPM on projects. We also have extensive public outreach on large projects. Public outreach does not really fit with the other topics in this category, but definitely social impacts/public outreach, sustainability is becoming increasingly important to the public, especially in the wake of disasters such as Flint, etc. Projects are handled by a project manager. The scheduling is set at the beginning with milestones and deliverables by which the work is tracked. For estimates a program is used which has an average for items across the state. On large project we often post a public willingness and if needed a public meeting where questions can be addressed. We evaluate our projects for the possibility of cost savings and value engineering related to recycling and optimization of material usage as standard practice. Get the public to do without a facility so it can be reconstructed in a short time, without a lot of wasted effort on traffic control and protracted delays for the traveling public. Provided iPads to use Mobile Inspector to improve inspector productivity. Considering road user cost, road user impact in construction scheduling and in life-cycle cost analysis in design in California. Public outreach for major closures to reduce traffic demand on California long life construction projects. Sustainable practices in these project areas? (79 responses) On a highway reconstruction project in Columbus Ohio, a new highway bridge crossing the highway was constructed wider than needed for traffic to allow for construction of an 'urban park' that connected two previously separated communities. We have installed bioswale prototypes in recent parking lots to review and research stormwater management. We have changed guidelines to native landscaping. We use recycled asphalt and concrete products when we can. Eurobitume has conducted research to demonstrate that bitumen and asphalt are environmentally benign in application and use. The design and use of flatter side slopes to minimize erosion of soils. We use fuel and asphalt indexing. Analyzing all activities to minimize redundancy and improve efficiency due to increased workload and reduced available manpower. Meet all environmental requirements on all projects. We encourage the use of RAP and concrete on our projects. Contractors reuse asphalt pavements by reclaiming the material and recycling it into new asphalt pavements. Contractors reuse asphalt pavements and other materials by reclaiming the material and recycling it into other aspects of highway work, including bases, shoulders, embankments, etc. Foundation reuse, in-place asphalt recycling, use of alternate materials, such as quarry discards, recycled materials in concrete or asphalt. Allowing equivalent bids for 100% recycle mixes in lieu of virgin or lower recycle content materials. Warm mix asphalt permissive - most contractors routinely use in state. River Geomorphology to ensure stable watersheds and alignment with bridges. Extensive use of products in earthwork, paving and drainage applications to reduce undercut, trucking of imported fill, increasing life of pavement and roadway systems. Built bridges with design elements that specifically provide habitat for bats. Use recycled concrete as aggregates in base materials and new concrete. TxDOT uses roadside native plantings like wildflowers.

170 We have developed a lot of expertise in house on the best practices we should for drainage and earthwork, plus we have striven to allow Contractors the flexibility to do more with recycled materials. We use 3D design to fully maximize GPS earthwork and project construction, saving time and fuel consumption on the contractor's end. We have used mobile construction techniques with structures to minimize traffic delay and improve pace of structure's construction. 25% of our HMA paving uses warm mix technology. All removed concrete, HMA is recycled as base or other products. We also require biodegradable stakes for landscaping materials. We have done some analysis on the energy and water impacts of recycling. We allow use of WMA, reclaimed asphalt and choice of aggregate type etc for asphalt mix at the choice of the contractor who bids a ton of mix price to include all costs and any savings. I had worked in consulting and work with quite a few different storm water management systems. Always looking for duel use, (i.e. retention pond and park, or underground storm water storage and parking lot, etc.) Now I work in transportation and we actively seek to use cold-in-place recycling and full depth reclamation and well as a suite of pavement preservation treatments to reduce reconstruction of roadways with virgin materials. At our University, we developed local specifications for the use of asphalt rubber. We use RAP in a majority of our bituminous paving mixes. This construction season, we are attempting to do 100% of the work using warm mix asphalt. Our specification are permissive in the use of recycled materials and WMA technology. Low water use (and reclaimed water) landscaping is standard operating procedure. We also make use of hardscape elements instead of live plant landscaping. We routinely use WMA, RAP, and FDR technologies for asphalt paving projects. When RAP and RAS and WMAs and recycled concrete aggregates are allowed on projects, I’ve seen contractors select them. The contractors may not have been selecting them for sustainability but the policies and open mindedness that allow alternative materials benefits the sustainability of the construction. We are working for a QA/QC project for the public works authority and our main tasks is to make sure that the road projects are built with high-quality and sustainable material. Multiple publications in this area. Drainage and Stormwater infrastructure upgrades are incorporated into major highway and system preservation projects when possible and practical to effectively maintain the integrity of the rapidly gaging infrastructure at minimum cost. I am strongly encouraging the use of performance related specifications, and test procedures to improve performance and the life cycle costs. We are involved in recycling of pavement materials of all forms, most especially cold recycling and hot plant recycling. Emphasizing use of recycled concrete aggregate and recycling asphalt. 100% recycled content bituminous paving materials for resurfacing existing streets, Shredded tire mat over poorly consolidated soils. Use of recycled asphalt pavement and recycled asphalt shingles. Examples: Earthwork balance emphasized with design, accelerated bridge construction standards being developed, composite two-lift concrete pavements built, warm mix asphalt mandated for all projects, stringless paving allowed, 3D designs being required, etc. The list could go on and on. Use of recycled asphalt pavement in new hot mix asphalt. Use of crushed concrete as aggregate. Use of GRS-IBS in small bridge design. Reuse of bridge foundations/piers. Ground improvements in lieu of excavate/replace. Use of crushed glass as pipe backfill. Use of pozzolans in concrete mix design. Use of corrosion resistant reinforcement, low-permeability concrete and shrinkage-reducing concrete in bridge structures. Perpetual pavement design. Monarch super highway along interstate ROW Limiting roadside mowing operations Utilizing local perennial seeding various in highway ROW Creation of new wetland areas.

171 There are a few contractors using hot in-place or cold in-place paving. I am also aware of a few projects that used 100% recycled asphalt. Could write a book here, but won't. Obviously lots going on with the use of recycled and waste materials, use of architectural details on bridges and noise walls and other appurtenant features (societal impact), traffic flow and calming features (e.g., rotary intersections and landscaped medians), on-site processing of materials (energy savings, reduced haul distances, reduced congestion, etc.), advances in standards for erosion protection and protection of surface waters and aquatic fauna during construction, etc. This is all becoming pretty standard stuff these days. Materials/energy - helping hot mix producers use more recycled content responsibly with our unique bio-based chemistries. The use of WMA has increased in order to extend the paving season and improve workability, with a side benefit of lowered production and placement temperatures (although this is only a minor decrease, not to the extent possible). Supplying warm mix asphalt products and asphalt binders specifically formulated for high recycle mixes. Training for designers to understand how a project is actually built in the field and ensure that project plans are buildable efficiently. WMA rap ras recycled concrete into aggregate. Massachusetts is a progressive state and had put in place green construction initiatives years ago, i.e. WMA, more bike riding lanes, LNG buses but has not grabbed the low hanging fruit of using more recycling reclaimed asphalt pavement in the new material. We have worked on and succeeded in developing 100% recycling but the agencies are not accepting of the product. Using more alternative delivery methods that allow contractor input in earthwork balances like D-B, and CMGC. We recycle most bituminous pavements in MN and are increasingly using re-claimation, unbounded and bonded concrete overlays of all thickness. As owner agency, we have worked closely with contractors to identify materials that can be reused or otherwise diverted from waste streams. Waste water from our industrial activities are cleaned in our water treatment plants and drinking water is released in the environment. Plan to utilize the NAPA EPD program to decrease waste, use energy more efficiently, reduce emissions. Recycling RAP up to 100% in a mix Crack and seating PCC Pavements instead of remove and replace KPMG Asset Mgt. Software. RAP RAS WMA recycled concrete into aggregate. Materials options Paving Landscaping Drainage. Top of silo blue smoke collectors at asphalt plants. In the paving and compaction side we try to show the customers the most economical way to run our equipment to reduce downtime, get better and longer lasting roads. Implementation of construction materials plant product energy/emission reduction program implemented 5 years ago. We are encouraging TxDOT to use sustainable practices such as leaving as much material in-place as possible on accelerated construction projects. Maryland SHA used warm mix on approximately 35% of its projects to improve compaction. Only low VOC cold patch material is allowed in MD. Landscaping across Maryland is a large expense due to our Save the Bay effort. We are constantly looking at ways to become more efficient in our processes. An often overlooked, but obvious component in a pavement cross section, is the amount of granular material required. This can have significant environmental consequences, with respect to resource availability and unnecessary emissions due to mining, hauling & placing. We are facing aggregate shortages in many areas (requiring shipping from great distances), so any reduction in virgin granular

172 material will have a positive impact in many ways. We have seen a 70% difference in the amount of virgin aggregate required between two structurally equivalent pavements - the Asphalt option required 24,960 tonnes/km of granular material, and the concrete option required 7,680 tonnes/km. Promoting the use of recycled materials and "green" paving technologies such as in-place recycling, which minimizes emissions, saves money, and prevent materials from being sent to landfills. Flatten slopes to not have to haul to waste area. Use filteras or swm that uses mulch and plants to filter the runoff. Use screening from asphalt millings as roadway subbase. Use recycled pavement as base material for roadway. Earthwork: up to 10% recycled glass Paving: up to 25% recycled asphalt pavement material. Landscaping: use of shredded recycled tire rubber. Our firm was the lead designer for the Rapid Bridge Replacement of the MBTA's Shore Line bridge. The old railroad bridge was removed and the new bridge put into service over a weekend: providing not interruption of commuter service. Ohio uses WMA, RAS, and RAP in our asphalt mixes. We allow recycled concrete materials to be used in various applications. Recycling and reclaiming Using locally available, lesser quality materials in lower levels of pavement structures. WM Asphalt RAP in Asphalt. Transportation agencies, seeking ways to mitigate these adverse impacts, have been exploring principles and practices of "green infrastructure" for roadside water management, using such as techniques as water harvesting, landform grading, rain gardens, micro-catchment basins, and large- watershed actions as components of transportation development projects and operations. The fundamental intent of these techniques is to work with natural processes, to "build with nature." While the details of particular applications often are determined by geography, many of the techniques are transferrable to other climatic and landscape settings; the principles and practices being developed for designing, developing, and managing green infrastructure are generally applicable. The use of prefab components on highway structures is expanding to aid in accelerating construction, improving quality and providing for easier maintenance/rehab. We constantly work to reduce trucking by utilizing as much construction waste back into the project as possible. We have worked with MIT to show that driving on stiffer pavements improves fuel economy of vehicles driving on the pavement. Increases SCMs in concrete Optimized pavement structure. We use mill and inlay paving methods and also allow recycled asphalt pavements to be incorporated into the ACHM mix designs. We encourage "balanced mix designs" or performance/proof testing of asphalt pavements so that performance in the field is more predictable. This phase of testing, "proves" our asphalt mixture designs before they are ever placed. We offer services such as this in our lab and training. Use WMA in most mixes as compaction aid - do not reduce temperature. The use of new asphalt mixes and designs for the rehabilitation of old PCC pavements, which dramatically reduced the amount of new materials and time of construction. Use of stringless paving to improve smoothness and accelerate construction (lower impact to public) Use of concrete overlays (rather than reconstruction) as a means to better capitalize on the equity in the existing pavement section (IOW, use existing pavement as a base for the new pavement for a less costly, less resource intensive and longer lasting solution). Use of in-place recycling to reduce impacts (including costs) associated with hauling materials. Incorporation of industrial byproducts like fly ash, slag cement and in some cases RAP to reduce need for virgin materials and enhance long-term performance. Performance engineered mixtures (PEM) are an opportunity to capitalize on the sustainability benefits associated with enhanced longevity. By consistently and reliably providing long lasting pavements, you realize significant accumulated savings from avoiding frequent resurfacing, repaving, and reconstruction.

173 we used recycled material for base course layer in pavement structure, CBR was ok but still have doubt on the physical properties. We use tire shreds in embankments; hot-in-place or cold-in-place recycling of hot mix asphalt pavements; recycled glass in pavements, as drainage materials, or filter media; asphalt pavement mixes containing recycled asphalt pavement (RAP); Portland cement pavement mixes containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA); crumb rubber or recycled plastic for noise barrier material; and soil biotechnical engineering treatments. We are using joint adhesives and experimenting with joint density requirements on asphalt pavements to try to improve the service life of the pavement. All of the above listed items are reviewed by multi-disciplined groups to insure that what is done is the best for the project construction and maintenance. We promote and practice recycling concrete as base material. We also practice concrete mix optimization resulting in increased sustainability. We recently provided a cost saving proposal on an interstate highway that eliminated a costly undercut and backfill with virgin rock utilizing an engineered cement soil stabilization method saving significant cost, off-site waste and quarry rock. We often work with contractors in the paving world to develop unique and money saving approaches to slip form concrete profiles which would be considered sustainable practices. Example: Canal projects, special dam projects, sidewalk rehabilitation machines, etc. Use local materials and recycle to the extent feasible while maintaining quality. Some modification of specifications and blending may be needed. Use a rigid surface if it can be shown to reduce fuel consumption of trucks in particular. Balanced earthwork on Caltrans realignments. Stormwater Protection Plan requirements in all Caltrans projects. Use of WMA in urban areas to reduce fumes by cities. Optimization of haul distances through use of stockpile areas available for contractor on Chicago Tollway and O'Hare airport. Reuse of all materials in right-of-way by Tollway and O'Hare. Automated machine guidance for muck excavation and milling. Limits time and exposure of survey crews to hazards. Increases productivity and accuracy of work and measurements. Sustainable practices in these project areas? (45 responses) R3 (old CA4PRS) Use of an electronic map and public notification system to indicate where construction is occurring. Make every effort to use the latest technology and comply with current safety standards. Always focusing on safety. Modifying traffic control restriction s to maximize contractor productivity. Utilization of e-construction beginning and growing We have put a lot of effort into our 511 service and online information. We have also increased our use of Intelligent Transportation Systems using variable message signs and remotely controlled speed limit reduction signage. Major projects look at communication of delays and staging in advance to minimize delay. Certain closures are only allowed at certain time periods to minimize traffic impacts. Contractors are asked on occasion to review the constructability of plans. Two years ago my administration created a huge Management Center for urban mobility in order to control traffic in the city in case of emergency anywhere in the city. We have completed several adaptive signal projects in the past construction season. Our TSMO group is working to improve interconnectability of traffic control and signalization between agencies to improve traffic flow. Use of FDR often benefits constructability. Multiple publications in this area.

174 Constructability review is incorporated into the project development process to avoid potential issues during construction. We fully endorse the use of public information programs and technologies to improve the travel circumstances for large complex projects which could have major traffic flow impacts. Use of reclaimed/recycled materials Example: No split traffic allowed during construction, no lane reduction allowed during peak hours, precast pavement systems standardized for overnight rehab, all overlays confined to night time work in urban areas. I am aware of contractors who are working on a work zone intrusion warning system. Lots going on in these areas too although I am less familiar. Probably the biggest is the use of tools like CA4PRS to evaluate the relative impacts of various construction windows (e.g., night work vs full closure) on project costs, safety and the traveling public and local businesses. Constructability - helping hot mix producers produce mix that has improved workability giving paving crews more flexibility to achieve desired quality. Ensure that projects that are constructed are maintainable in a safe manner for maintenance crews. Travel time, Queue detection systems, and more information for the general public on construction projects. Construction ability Constructability - use of RAP, WMA Employee safety is always number 1. Added Safety as a company core value TxDOT has used a dedicated web site and public information resources to advise motorists of delays on I-35 between Waco and Austin in a recent reconstruction effort. Safety is a prime concern for highway workers; it is highlighted at many workshops and daily on the projects. Most all asphalt mixtures in Maryland contain a percentage of RAP. Minimizing traffic disruptions during field-related activities by coordinating with the local DOT office as well as the provider of traffic control several weeks in advance and trying to perform most activities during nighttime. Original design called for pavement removal and replacement with new stone, base asphalt, but added 5% cement to milled up asphalt and used that as the base asphalt. Saved time and provided the equivalent base. Use of electronic flaggers in lieu of human flaggers On an interstate widening project in New Hampshire traffic control plans were developed and construction contracts sequenced in a manner to maintain two lanes of traffic at freeway speeds in both directions at all times. Smart work zones and project website we employed to assist the traveling public. LED traffic Lights Constructability reviews are becoming more of a requirement for highway designs and are being required by more agencies in their RFP's especially on larger projects. Efforts regarding work zone safety and enforcement within work zones is on the increase. FHWA Towards Zero Deaths program is a mandate for the states. We use IDriveArkansas to keep the traveling public aware of construction zones and alternate routes during construction. Used blue tooth enabled message signs to give timely traffic delay information on full construction through high tourist area Demonstrating the effective use of methods (e.g. WMA) to extend night paving thereby reducing daytime traffic congestion and emissions. Overall traffic impacts and congestion has been reduced through full closures for urban freeways (e.g. I96fix). This also saves money and shortens project duration, while improving safety (no adjacent

175 traffic). Using flagger operations during one lane at a time replacements on rural 2-lane roads allows for better production, improved safety and lower costs. We construct projects with special use lanes (HOV / Reversible / Bus Express); innovative interchange designs (single point urban); roundabouts; coordinated signal systems; implement robust Traffic Management Center operations including cameras with real time information available to the public We are experimenting with digital models as a method for constructability review. The zipper merge is being used to mitigate congestion across the country and has proven to be an effective method for reducing queues and travel times. Regarding safety, a study was conducted in Ohio and North Carolina around 2010-2011 (approx.) that observed the ability of a special retroreflective tape developed by 3M to keep traffic in their respective lanes, but the results were mixed. Constructability - considered sustainability during constructability review, using a review at this stage to perhaps seek out alternate/alternative ways to incorporate "sustainable practices" into a project. Again, these practices are reviewed by different groups and the project may go into what we call a constructability review to see if it is really possible. A recent project required closing one lane of an Interstate highway for two weeks in order to build a slide repair retaining wall. We redesigned the retaining wall as a cost saving that only required nightly/off-peak lane closures minimizing traffic disruption and saved a significant amount of materials. More visible lane striping to promote use of more lanes and turning lanes, and timing/management of signals and enforcement of speed to try to get traffic moving efficiently at the same speed. Have marked cross walks only at traffic lights or stop signs. Use of advance warning systems to warn motorists of queued traffic. Extensive use of signing, temporary barriers, temporary traffic measurement devices and web access for traffic management and incident detection on I-15 Devore reconstruction. weekly email of weekend traffic impacts Is there a sustainability-related innovation or practice that does not fit in the previous areas? If so, please describe it here. (25 responses) Although I work at a construction technology company now (PlanGrid), previously I worked for a large general contractor and experienced a lot of sustainable practices for building. Most importantly using technology to speed up the building process, save us time and money on printing new sets, etc. Since working for PlanGrid I've worked with multiple teams doing construction on highways and see this being a huge area for improvement across all teams in the heavy civil realm of construction. Technology can really help everyone be more efficient on the project. Funding of research for better erosion and sediment control, cost efficient pavements, herbicide practices, control of invasive species of grasses, Instrumentation and monitoring of system performance. I participated in a project aiming at developing the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) of a couple of road materials (LCA of the environmental impact of the materials following European guidelines). Development of highway assets inventory (GIS database) for tracking and monitoring purposes. ( e.g., SWM and drainage assets, guardrail, pavement, traffic signals etc.) PennDOT has implemented specification requirements limiting idling of trucks on project sites. Example: Development of Sustainability program to fit most all categories. Program to measure achievements includes annual scoring using the INVEST rating system, LCCA programs for all new construction designs, and LCA tools to be implemented in 2017 to measure environmental impacts of projects and designs.

176 Most asset management systems (pavements, structures, geotechnical assets, etc.) support sustainability by improving/quantifying project selection and life-cycle cost analyses. I am aware of contractors that are ISO certified or at least in the process of becoming ISO certified. Most are large international contractors. Many of these same contractors also complete corporate sustainability reports or corporate social responsibility reports. There are many contractors that have industry created sustainability benchmarking programs such as the Diamond Sustainability Program, Concrete Sustainability Council Certification, Sustainable Concrete Plant Certification. The industry is actively seeking solutions to improve and increase the use of reclaimed asphalt using rejuvenators, and alternative mix design procedures (balanced / optimal mix design). As the leader of our trade association, my mission is to inform the members of sustainable practices. Working on paperless tickets for bituminous projects. We developed an in-house sustainability training for our employees. IN process of starting a companywide EMS program. ISO 9001, ISO14001 and OHSAS 18001 certification. We encourage our asphalt plants to become AMRL certified. Maryland uses the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program to assist in product approval. This serves to eliminate some of our testing and free up lab techs for other duties. Innovative method for designing concrete pavements, utilizing joint spacing as an input rather than an output. When doing so, you optimize joint spacing with respect to anticipated loading configurations. Ensuring that a slab is never loaded by more than one set of wheels. This decreases or eliminates damage due to curling, and allows for a much thinner concrete pavement. Thinner cross-sections and minimizing the amount of natural resources being used is definitely a sustainability-related innovation. More on this technology can be found here: http://www.tcpavements.cl/eng/home. Use of earthen berms in lieu of concrete soundwalls, Construction of cost efficient durable pavement using Polymer Modified Asphalt and using RAP, for example. There are many efforts to develop high performance materials and longer lasting, easily maintainable roadway/structural components and systems going on. Need to get people to understand that the largest area for sustainability improvement lies in the use phase - not in materials or construction. Improving designs also helps. Incentives/push by government, fe Sweden. Any construction practice that improves performance and enhances pavement longevity is critically important in the context of sustainability. Contractors should be provided the flexibility to use innovative construction methods and materials that improve performance and longevity. Again, public outreach, should probably be pulled out into a separate category along with social impacts, etc. More efficient use of local and recycled aggregates and alternative cementitious materials through performance testing and specifications. More materials and mixture evaluation and blending options will have to be done up front. Please describe an example where a supposed sustainable solution failed to produce the desired outcome. (53 responses) The contractor on a project put out a policy of 'no-idle' for company vehicles but when an audit of the site was conducted, a full 30% of the vehicles checked were left idling for more than 5 minutes at a time. I actually can't think of an example for this. Most times we implemented a sustainable solution, there was a lot of time and effort put into the research and it truly made people's jobs easier.

177 We used reclaimed asphalt on a project to save "virgin" aggregate, however we had so many QC issues we were forced to remove and replace it all. Many recyclable products have had unacceptable failure rates when used in asphalt roadways: shingles, toilets, glass, tires. Not to say that some attempts have not been successful, but rather an unacceptable percentage of attempts have significantly reduced the pavement life had the recyclable material not been used. Rain garden inadequately planned and ineffective due to poor structural and soft features. use of fly ash in civil works that led to volumetric heave and building damage (c. 1998, Richmond, VA) The introduction of recycled asphalt shingles in pavements did not start well. Use of a new technology where insufficient training, education and oversight resulted in poor performance. Use of high recycled HMA did not provide the life of the pavement that was intended on a pilot project. Last year during spring period a new method of repairing potholes totally failed since two weeks after completing the works all the potholes were back again in the streets. Although we have shown a number of highway agencies the benefits of some materials in reducing life cycle cost, adoption and allowing these materials is not happening. High RAP/RAS mixes have not produced a cycle of success for our agency. Even with limited RAP allowed, we see poor production and workmanship practices that lead to premature failure of the pavements. Using a material that is "ecofriendly" but which production requires larger amounts of energy. Selecting a material that is expected to have a low environmental impact based on a single environmental factor (e.g. CO2) even when it could have a stronger impact in other areas (e.g. other types of emissions or human toxicity, among others). The use of warm mix asphalt technologies has not produced documentable energy savings as many producers continue to run their plants at "hot mix" temperatures to aid in production. CO2 concrete - touted as green concrete, it probably works but costs so much that it is completely impractical. Using CBM as a base for the pavement structure did fail due to some problems in the production of this material. The aim was to reduce the cost, time and efforts but it failed. Flooding and drainage issues could not be addressed as part of the highway resurfacing project due to environmental permitting issues and funding Efforts have been made to demonstrate that either rigid or flexible pavements are more sustainable, one than the other. Such a large number of assumptions must be made that the results of such an analysis may not be particularly applicable to a given project. Removed pavement marking castings and was required to replace reflectors in addition to cleaning casting for reuse. Cost to replace reflector and clean castings exceeded costs of new units. Using too high a percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement in the new asphalt concrete mixture. High performance concrete mixes for bridge decks were first developed and implemented 12 years ago through consulting labs using prescriptive specifications but was terminated with extensive cracking issues. This initiated the need for performance related specifications to be developed. There have been some noted failures of projects using higher recycled material content. Policy is not fully understood or followed on all projects - much is driven client’s desires/goals. Concrete overlays should be a more sustainable solution to providing a longer-life pavement rehabilitation without resorting to complete reconstruction of the roadway. However, even a well- designed and planned concrete overlay can end up with a relatively short service life due to design flaws (e.g., unintended restraint of the overlay because the separation layer was not designed properly) or construction defects.

178 Warm mix asphalt currently has a dubious brand with some customers. Customers/agencies fail to see if there is environmental benefit. Our DOT piloted a hot-in-place recycling project to determine if this technique would be beneficial and worth adding to the "toolbox." The results were well below acceptable and the method appeared to be environmentally unsuitable. CRM might not pass MSCR test LEED for HMA I don't think in such terms as sustainable solutions. WMA additives have not decreased the cost of production because the price of the additives outweigh fuel savings Reclaimed Asphalt and Shingles as part of paving operations. When too much is being used and failures have occurred. Pervious concrete failed Trying to put too much recycled material into our mixes, especially RAP and RAS. Insulating some older hot plant drums led to warping requiring premature replace, though significant energy saving were realized I would have to say the introduction and promotion of foaming equipment for warm mix asphalt. We have some producers who bought it, but do not use the foamers. They prefer to use a refinery-blended binder and mainly as a compaction aid. We are finding that those who are using the foaming equipment are still producing at regular HMA temperatures. plant establishment beyond permit terms or project goals DOTs try to promote the use of open-graded friction courses and permeable pavements to minimize noise pollution and improve drainability and water runoff quality. However, current construction techniques are "hit-or-miss" regarding the actual openness of the mixture, which in some instances fulfills the objective but in most cases does not. Filters instead of SWM basins to filter road runoff that are not maintained. Use of sand filters that are not maintained. RAS recycling Waste engine oil recycling With a previous organization we tried to utilize recycled glass as an aggregate substitute, but learned after awarding the contract that there was not a sufficient supply of recycled material available. 100% recycled asphalt mix performance was poor. Reflective pavements. The use of Latex Modified concrete several years ago to extend service life of bridge decks in NJ failed as the material debonded and spalled off the decks causing premature operational issues. Another issue was experienced with waterproofing membrane under asphalt overlays on bridges in NJ that were improperly detailed allowing water seepage through joints in the membrane and accelerated deck deterioration due to a concentration of chlorides at various locations on the structural deck RCA as base course that caused tufa build up and high pH water to leave the roadway envelope and contaminate a local water shed. Warm Mix Asphalt - it does lower the CO2 of the construction process but it is not the savior of sustainability. It’s helpful, but there are much larger areas in the use phase that will bring much greater savings. Use of recycled asphalt shingles has not proven beneficial to long-term performance of pavements. In many cases, the outcome is too much depending on the "work art" of the labor force. For example, working in bad (weather) conditions, going too fast during construction, The use of some high RAP/RAS asphalt mixes without appropriate mix design considerations. The singular focus on recycling is an excellent example of a supposed sustainable solution failing to produce the desired outcome. Recycling for the purpose of recycling is not sustainable. For example,

179 the pervasive use of bottled water is rooted largely in the perception that it is ok to buy cases-upon- cases of these bottles since they are recycled (which they more often than not, aren't). The truth is that it is much less sustainable (waste, energy, cost) to drink bottled water (even if the bottles are recycled) than it is to drink tap water. One can argue that something similar relates to roadway construction. Just because the materials are recyclable and recycled, does not mean the practice is more sustainable than providing long-lasting solutions. This point is often missed by decision makers. change landscape approach as the Hard landscape was applied instead of to soft landscape in order to maintain the water use, the final outcome was not accepted Over regulation and slow permitting processes by environment agencies result in higher cost and energy usage when excess earthen materials are wasted on projects. Pervious concrete parking lots where the aggregate raveled quickly. Cool pavement law passed as California AB 296. Research has shown that impacts of materials much bigger than those of changes in building energy use. Uncertain at this point whether California AB 338 which requires mandatory use of recycled tire rubber will produce a net improvement or harm for other impacts such as GHG (mandated by another law AB 32), air pollution, etc. Current use of warm mix (primarily foaming) has not decreased the mixing temperature at local hotmix plants. Please describe something that your organization did or participated in that you believed to be sustainable, but it was never described or recognized as sustainable. (36 responses) The firm used to maintain a fleet of vehicles for use by senior managers but the policy changed to remove the 'perk' of a company vehicle and instead increase the compensation to the managers and have them use their own vehicles. Deploying mobile technology (HeadLight) across many heavy civil projects to reduce environmental impact and improve life cycle cost. Longer lasting coatings for steel structures. Business Process Management brings stability and accountability to workflows and makes process very sustainable yet this discipline is not viewed in that light. GPS earthwork has reduced fuel consumption, but has mostly been looked at as a time savings. Lateral foundation drainage near the parks which help in protecting the pavement from degradation like rutting. Both our CIR and FDR projects have been limited based on funding and cost. I do not believe that in the past our management has seen the sustainability value to offset initial construction costs. We rubbilize existing concrete pavements where possible for use as subbase layers to build new pavements on top of them. ADOT is a major user of asphalt rubber in our pavements and has been for a long time. Since it is "old hat" it is not always recognized as sustainable. We are working on paperless field reporting. This has been done in other companies and I’ve never heard the case for protecting anything beyond our bottom line. But using technology to save or earn money also saves effort and resources. While specific examples are not known in my organization, I believe that the social perspective of sustainability is too often overlooked. Economics provide the company's bottom line, and most people are familiar with environmental impacts, but the social component is much harder to quantify, and the impacts are not judged to be as important as economic and environmental. Developed open ended Area wide Construction contracts that can rapidly address drainage system failures and system capacity issues to resolve various minor local flooding problems. I have been involved in the recycling of pavement material over the past four decades. Originally it was done to preserve virgin materials and reduce costs, but ultimately fits into overall sustainability.

180 Sustainability sometimes gets in the way of common sense. Need to determine effect of sustainability on the long-term performance of the material being used. Promoted research for the design of integral abutment bridges to reduce maintenance needs on bridges. Pavement recycling is probably the most sustainable construction method available, but it is not promoted as such in many DOTs. Concrete overlays of asphalt pavement have been placed at intersection approaches that have been historically subject to extensive rutting and shoving, requiring frequent "mill and fill" operations - annually in some cases. The use of relatively thin bonded concrete overlays have provided years of maintenance-free service in some of these situations and the owner agencies are pleased with the results but do not seem to think of it in terms of sustainability as much as simply addressing a problem. Throughout our state, we are decreasing the amount of milling (hence reducing the stockpiling of RAP), using pavement preservation techniques to extend service life, and attempting to increase the percentage of RAP in pavements. These are being done mostly for economic reasons and are not necessarily due to a commitment to sustainability. I'm going to WMA workshop. We drastically reduced employee travel for official business in an effort to reduce costs. We now recognize how this dramatically decreased our carbon emissions, but it was not the original intent. Full depth reclamation of highways. Promote and advocate for the use of warm mix asphalt. We have been involved with cold recycling for years but the states have always shied away from it because they did not understand it. We still struggle with it today. Those that use it and understand it are way ahead of the game. This includes CIR, FDR and plant produced material. Support of the communities that business operates in with donations to projects, foundations, ... I think our effort to only use low VOC cold patch material is an example. We have eliminated many products that were using undesirable chemicals and have found some very good replacement materials. routine use of recycled asphalt pavements. Allowing employees to work remotely have never been advertised or encouraged, it is allowed on a request basis, but I think it should be recognized and promoted from within the organization as a sustainable solution. Removal of old tire dump on roadway project. Development of an asphalt aging model to predict asphalt properties in the field - can be used to develop more durable pavements. Perpetual Pavement concept - approaching this concept as a durable pavement system. The large scale use of large diameter piles on coastal structures that allowed for bridge erection without the placement of cofferdams minimizing environmental disturbance in the waterway and providing a higher quality more corrosion resistant structure that is easily maintained or rehabilitated using supplemental piles. The processing of rock or "ledge" material for use in roadway box structures. Reduces the use of bank run gravels and other crushed gravel base products. Sustainable pavements: We have supported and cooperatively worked with FHWA on the latest asphalt pavement density initiative (2016-2017). This initiative supports the fact that if pavements were compacted to 1 percent higher density, we would see around a 10 percent increase in pavement life. The use of a "good" bitumen can enhance the lifetime of a pavement considerable. "Perpetual" Asphalt pavement - NJ I-287, full depth asphalt pavement initial construction 1968, 4" mill& fill overlay, 1997, 4" mill & fill, 2011, still in very good condition today at age 49. All rehabilitation work done at night with minimum traffic congestion.

181 We have not really made an effort to promote the use of materials or construction practices as sustainable. Some of these include changes to asphalt specifications, use of stainless steel rebar, changes to concrete specs, use of different types of piles, etc. All recycling started out as a cost saving measure. Implementation of paver mounted thermal imaging and intelligent compaction to provide better pavement performance with the same materials. Please describe a time when your organization was rewarded in any way for doing something sustainable on a project. Some examples might be (39 responses): Our firm recently supported a team of engineers to go to Nicaragua and build a bridge across a river to increase the mobility of a community. The team worked with locals, using local materials to build infrastructure that will service the community for years. I worked on a project years ago, creating a Daylighting model for the project, to make sure it was at the correct orientation and had the correct amount of natural light, etc. It ended up becoming the world's 5th Living Building. The project achieved top honors in environmental sustainability by meeting all 20 performance requirements of the Living Building Challenge, a green building certification program created by the nonprofit International Living Future Institute. Creation of a gopher tortoise refuge area that allowed us to relocate tortoises that would have been impacted by highway projects. Awards statewide. GS&P has a sustainability practice and every year recognizes someone within the firm for their efforts in sustainability. Previous winners have included individuals who designed the world's first inpatient facility to receive gold certification under the new LEED for Healthcare criteria, the award-winning LEED Silver-certified Cobb County Transportation Management Center, and worked to attain the LEED credits for the Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Terminal 2 project. The aftermath of Tropical Storm Irene developed new working relationships with the regulators and developers such that there is much better communication and cooperation as projects are designed. TxDOT was recognized for a project design to protect endangered toads in a toad-crossing area. A toad underpass was built for toads to cross the road underneath the road surface. We don't look at sustainability close enough to receive awards. It is not part of the project selection process. FL was recognized by Rubber Pavement Association for using more recycled tires in pavement construction than any other state in US. We had a published magazine article highlighting our FDR work. Our Materials Testing Lab is ISO 9001 certified. ATCs are approved. It is appreciated by the client. Variety of awarded have been received for innovative contacting and sustainable design practices for major highway and bridge projects. Designs using asphalt over fractured existing slab designs have reduced earthwork, and material disposal required, and been recognized as excellent paving projects. Sustainability is not that well received by many people. Received a grant from FHWA to reprogram the INVEST program both for federally and non-federally funded agencies. Numerous sustainability awards received from associations (NAPA, ACPA, Roadbuilders, etc.) The I-81 Pavement Recycling project received several awards in 2011-2012. However, FHWA transportation projects do not use any type of sustainability rating.

182 Our annual awards program includes an award for environmental benefit that honors a project that provided extraordinary environmental benefit while maintaining a high degree of quality. Environmental Benefits may include storm water management, high volume recycling, LEED credits, or a project that was completed in an environmentally sensitive area. District office in San Diego, District 11, was built and LEED certified. Our environmental folks have received many environmental awards that would fit this category. Often times will value engineer projects and give alternative design options that may be more cost effective than the bid specifications. Promote the use of porous asphalt. Hyw 81 in Virginia. We did all three cold recycling processes and saved the state several millions of dollars that they could put to use for other projects. They are also finding out that the process they did not only saved them money but they are getting much more life out of these roadways. ISO certifications allowed for prequalification to bid work that would not have been possible otherwise. see http://www.otiabridge.org/ numerous awards. LEED certification for parking garage. West Dowling Extension road project, Anchorage, Alaska (please ask Jeralee with Greenroads). NAPA Award Program highlights sustainable practices INOVA award for WMA. Our use of prefab bridge components on the Route 70 bridge over the Manasquan River won us numerous awards from professional organizations. Developing the GreenLITES program. Awards form State Governments council, AASHTO, FHWA Env award, etc. We have been recognized for "doing more with less" but I don't know if we have been formally recognized or received an award. We are part of the "MURE" project in France. We had a project for a widening achieve Greenroads certification. Our self-certification program, GreenLITES, distinguishes transportation projects based on the extent to which they incorporate sustainable design choices. It is a way to demonstrate to the public how we are advancing sustainable practices. Every year around Earth Day, we have a GreenLITES Award Ceremony to recognize exemplary sustainability projects, innovations, and best practices. NYSDOT established the GreenLITES Program to recognize sustainable projects. Recognized by the DOT and received an Association for Bridge Construction and Design industry award for redesigning part of a large project by eliminating two bridge overpasses scheduled for reconstruction and providing a tunnel that was safer to build, less disruptive to traffic during construction, provided long-term maintenance savings along with a considerable savings related to a future project. Research on evaluating pavement surface properties (friction, ride-ability) and pavement stiffness under load at the normal speed of traffic -- more data can be collected and contribute to proactive asset management. Won an International Road Federation award for developing accelerated highway construction software and associated research.