Load Rating of Bridges and Culverts with Missing or Incomplete As-Built Information (2022)

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References 69   22. D. V. Jauregui, B. D. Weldon, and C. V. Aguilar, “Load Rating of Prestressed Concrete Bridges without Plans by Nondestructive Field Testing,” in Load Testing of Bridges: Proof Load Testing and the Future of Load Testing, E. Lantsoght, ed., CRC Press, 2019. 23. Transportation Research Board, Transportation Research Circular E-C257: Primer on Bridge Load Testing. National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, 2019. 24. American Concrete Institute, Report on Nondestructive Test Methods for Evaluation of Concrete Structures, ACI 228.2R ACI, Farmington Hills, MI, 2013. 25. ASTM International, C1383-15 Standard Test Method for Measuring the P-Wave Speed and the Thickness of Concrete Plates Using the Impact-Echo Method, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015. 26. ASTM International, C805/C805M-13a Standard Test Method for Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013. 27. ASTM International, E797-15 Standard Practice for Measuring Thickness by Manual Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Contact Method, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015. 28. ASTM International, C597-16 Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity through Concrete, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016. 29. ASTM International, C876-15 Standard Test Method for Corrosion Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015. 30. ASTM International, D4788-13 Standard Test Method for Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared Thermography, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013. 31. ASTM International, E3052-16 Standard Practice for Examination of Carbon Steel Welds Using Eddy Current Array, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016. 32. ASTM International, D6087 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015. 33. R. Miller, B. Shahrooz, and G. Gearhart, “Synthesis Study on Load Capacity of Concrete Slab Bridges with- out  Plans (Presentation),” 2016. http://www.dot.state.oh.us/engineering/OTEC/2016%20Presentations/ Tuesday/28/Miller_28.pdf. 34. A. Karshenas and B. Naghavi, “Investigating Available State-of-the-Art Technology for Determining Needed Information for Bridge Rating Strategies,” Louisiana Transportation Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 2020. 35. California Department of Transportation, “Terrestrial Laser Scanning Specifications,” 2011. Online. 36. V. N. Kozlov, A. A. Samokutov, and V. Shevaldykin, “Thickness Measurement and Flaw Detection in Concrete Using Ultrasonic Echo Method,” Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, vol. 13, pp. 73–84, 1997. 37. A. Gibson and J. Popvics, “Lamb Wave Basis for Impact-Echo Method Analysis,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol. 131, no. 4, pp. 438–443, 2005. 38. G. G. Clemena, V. Malhotra, and N. Carino, “Short-Pulse Radar Methods,” in Handbook on Nondestructive Testing of Concrete, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 253–274, 2004. 39. K. Nasser and A. A. Al-Manaseer, “A New Nondestructive Test,” Concrete International, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 41–44, 1987. 40. K. Nasser and A. Al-Manaseer, “Comparison of Nondestructive Testers of Hardened Concrete,” ACI Materials Journal, vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 374–380, 1987. 41. ASTM International, E140-12b Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Scleroscope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012. 42. ASTM International, A370 Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019. 43. ASTM International, E9-09 Standard Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Materials at Room Temperature, West Conshohocken, PA, 2009. 44. ASTM International, A1061-20 Standard Test Methods for Testing Multi-Wire Steel Prestressing Strand, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020. 45. N. Carino, “Performance of Electromagnetic Covermeters for Nondestructive Assessment of Steel Reinforce- ment,” National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 1992. 46. ASTM International, D4748-10 Standard Test Method for Determining the Thickness of Bound Pavement Layers Using Short-Pulse Radar, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015. 47. B. Redmer, F. Weise, and U. Ewert, “Location of Reinforcement in Structures by Different Methods of Gamma-Radiography,” in Proceedings of International Symposium (NDT-CE 2003), Berlin, Germany, 2003. 48. ASTM International, D6432-19 Standard Guide for Using the Surface Ground Penetrating Radar Method for Subsurface Investigation, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019. 49. S. Bhaskar and K. Ramanjaneyulu, “Estimation of Rebar Diameter in Concrete Structural Elements Using Ground Penetrating Radar,” NDE2015, November 26–28, 2015.

70 Load Rating of Bridges and Culverts with Missing or Incomplete As-Built Information 50. M. Hasan, “Quantitative Non-Destructive Evaluation of Rebar Diameter and Corrosion Damage in Con- crete Using Ground Penetrating Radar,” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, 2015. 51. Z. Taylor, O. Amini, and J. Lindt, “Approach for Establishing Approximate Load Carrying Capacity for Bridges with Unknown Material and Unknown Design Properties,” Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 2011. 52. M. Alipour, A. Gheitasi, D. Harris, O. Ozbulut, and L. Barnes, “A Data-Driven Approach for Automated Operational Safety Evaluation of the National Inventory of Reinforced Concrete Slab Bridges,” in Trans- portation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, 2015. 53. D. K. Harris, O. Ozbulut, M. Alipour, B. L. Kassner, and S. Usmani, “Implications of Load Rating Bridges in Virginia with Limited Design or As-Built Details,” in SHMII 2015—7th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure, 2015. 54. R. Armendariz and M. Bowman, “Bridge Load Rating (Joint Transportation Research Program Publication No. FHWA/IN/JTRP-2018/07),” Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 2018. 55. R. Armendariz Briones, “Bridge Load Rating: A General Procedure for Load Rating Bridges without Plans,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Purdue University, 2018. 56. A. Bagheri, M. Alipour, O. E. Ozbulut, and D. K. Harris, “A Nondestructive Method of Load Rating of Bridges without Structural Properties and Plans,” Engineering Structures, vol. 171, pp. 545–556, 2018. 57. FHWA, “Bridges & Structures,” Federal Highway Administration, April 30, 2020. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ bridge/nbi.cfm. 58. FHWA, “Recording and Coding Guide for Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation’s Bridges,” Federal Highway Administration, 1995. 59. FHWA, “Memo: Actions—Revisions to the Recording and Coding Guide for the Structure, Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation’s Bridges (Coding Guide) Items 63 and 65, Method Used to Determine Operating and Inventory Ratings,” Federal Highway Administration, November 15, 2011. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ bridge/nbi/111115.cfm. 60. FHWA, “Assigned Load Ratings,” Federal Highway Administration, September 29, 2011. https://www.fhwa. dot.gov/bridge/110929.cfm. 61. Colorado Department of Transportation, “CDOT Bridge Rating Manual,” April 2019. https://www.codot. gov/library/bridge/bridge-manuals/bridge-rating-manual/01-bridge-rating-guidelines.pdf/view. 62. New Jersey Department of Transportation, “Load Capacity Ratings through Engineering Judgment,” https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/eng/structeval/pdf/LoadCapacityEngineeringJudgement.pdf. 63. North Carolina Department of Transportation, April 1, 2016. https://connect.ncdot.gov/resources/ Structures/Stucture%20Spec%20Memos/Engineering%20Judgement%20Load%20Rating%20(April%20 2016).pdf. 64. Florida Department of Transportation, “Florida Department of Transportation Bridge Load Rating Manual,” January 2020. https://fdotwww.blob.core.windows.net/sitefinity/docs/default-source/maintenance/str/ lr/2020-load-rating-manual-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=509ffb8e_0#page=17. 65. North Dakota Department of Transportation, “NDDOT Load Rating Manual,” https://www.dot.nd.gov/ divisions/ets/RFPs/docs/1373/DRAFT%20NDDOT%20Load%20Rating%20Manual.pdf. 66. Idaho Department of Transportation, “Idaho Manual for Bridge Evaluation,” 2020. https://apps.itd.idaho. gov/apps/Bridge/manual/IMBE.pdf. 67. Oregon Department of Transportation, “ODOT LRFR Manual,” June 25, 2018. ftp://ftp.odot.state.or.us/ bridge/LoadRating/LRFR/Manuals/. 68. Illinois Department of Transportation, “Structural Services Manual,” Bureau of Bridges & Structures Office of Program Development, June 30, 2017. http://www.idot.illinois.gov/Assets/uploads/files/Doing- Business/Manuals-Guides-&-Handbooks/Highways/Bridges/Inspection/Structural%20Services%20 Manual.pdf. 69. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, “Bridge Safety Inspection Manual,” March 2010. http:// www.dot.state.pa.us/public/PubsForms/Publications/PUB%20238.pdf. 70. Rhode Island Department of Transportation, “Bridge Load Rating Guidelines,” November 2019. http://www. dot.ri.gov/documents/doingbusiness/RIDOT_LRFR_Guidelines.pdf. 71. South Carolina Department of Transportation, “SCDOT Load Rating Guidance Document,” August 2019. https://www.scdot.org/business/pdf/bridgemaintenance/loadrating/SCDOT-BridgeLoad-RatingGuidance- Doc-NoHigh.pdf. 72. Kentucky Department of Transportation, “Kentucky Bridge Inspection Procedures Manual,” KYTC Staff, February 6, 2020. https://transportation.ky.gov/Maintenance/Documents/2020%20Bridge%20Inspection %20Procedures%20Manual.pdf. 73. Louisiana Department of Transportation, “Bridge Design and Evaluation Manual,” August 8, 2019. http:// wwwsp.dotd.la.gov/Inside_LaDOTD/Divisions/Engineering/Bridge_Design/BDEM%20New%20Manual/ Full%20Manual/BDEM_Revision%209_Full%20Manual.pdf.

References 71   74. Texas Department of Transportation, “Bridge Inspection Manual,” March 9, 2020. http://onlinemanuals. txdot.gov/txdotmanuals/ins/load_ratings.htm#i1005766. 75. Utah Department of Transportation, “Bridge Management Manual,” BMM Review Committee, June 2017. https://www.udot.utah.gov/main_old/uconowner.gf?n=35942524323318753. 76. Massachusetts Department of Transportation, “LRFD Bridge Manual,” January 2020. https://www.mass.gov/ doc/chapter-7-bridge-load-rating-guidelines/download. 77. Virginia Department of Transportation, “Load Rating and Posting of Structures (Bridges and Culverts),” May 17, 2019. http://www.virginiadot.org/business/resources/bridge/Manuals/IIM/SBIIM86.3.pdf. 78. Michigan Department of Transportation, “Guidance for the Use of ‘Field Evaluation and Documented Engi- neering Judgment’ Ratings,” Bridge Advisory Design Division, October 16, 2012. https://www.michigan. gov/documents/mdot/MDOT_BRIDGE_ADVISORY_BA_2012-02_401291_7.pdf. 79. Washington State Department of Transportation, “Washington State Bridge Inspection Manual,” January 13, 2020. https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals/fulltext/M36-64/Chapter5.pdf. 80. Minnesota Department of Transportation, “Bridges and Structures: Rating.” http://www.dot.state.mn.us/ bridge/pdf/MnDOT%20Bridge%20Load%20Rating%20and%20Evaluation%20Manual.pdf. 81. AASHTO, AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2002.