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Page 33
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Guidelines for Treatments to Mitigate Opposite Direction Crashes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26586.
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Page 33
Page 34
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Guidelines for Treatments to Mitigate Opposite Direction Crashes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26586.
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Page 34

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33   References 1. FHWA. Quick Start Guide to Using CMFs. FHWA Report FHWA-SA-17-007. Available at http://www. cmfclearinghouse.org/collateral/fhwasa17007.pdf. Accessed August 17, 2017. 2. Persaud, B.N., R.A. Retting, and C. Lyon. Crash Reduction Following Installation of Centerline Rumble Strips on Rural Two-Lane Roads. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, Virginia, September 2003. 3. Torbic, D. J., J. M. Hutton, C. D. Bokenkroger, K. M. Bauer, D. W. Harwood, D. K. Gilmore, D. K. Dunn, J. J. Ronchetto, E.T. Donnell, H. J. Sommer III, P. Garvey, B. Persaud, and C. Lyon. NCHRP Report 641: Guidance for the Design and Application of Shoulder and Centerline Rumble Strips. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2009, 181pp. 4. Sayed, T., P. deLeur, and J. Pump. Impact of Rumble Strips on Collision Reduction on British Columbia, Canada Highways: Comprehensive Before-and-After Safety Study. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2148, 2010, pp. 9–15. 5. Rys, M., D. Karkle, and E. Russell. Study of KDOT Policy on Lane and Shoulder Minimum Width for Applica- tion of Centerline Rumble Strips. Report No. K-TRAN:KSU-10-7. Kansas Department of Transportation. Topeka, Kansas, 2012. 6. Himes, S., H. McGee, S. Levin, and Y. Zhou. State of the Practice for Shoulder and Center Line Rumble Strips Implementation on Non-Freeway Facilities. Report No. FHWA-HRT-17-026. Federal Highway Administra- tion Office of Safety. Washington, D.C., March 2017. 7. Griffith, M.S. Safety Evaluation of Rolled-in Continuous Shoulder Rumble Strips Installed on Freeways. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1665, 1999. 8. Coulter, Z.C., and K. Ksaibati. Effectiveness of Various Safety Improvements in Reducing Crashes on Wyoming Roadways. Report No. MPC 13-262, Mountain Plains Consortium. Fargo, North Dakota, 2013. 9. Carrasco, O., J. McFadden, P. Chandhok, and R. Patel. “Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Shoulder Rumble Strips on Rural Multilane Divided Highways in Minnesota.” Presented at the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., January 2004. 10. Patel, R.B., F.M. Council, and M.S. Griffith. “Estimating the Safety Benefits of Shoulder Rumble Strips on Two Lane Rural Highways in Minnesota: An Empirical Bayes Observational Before-After Study.” Presented at the 86th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., January 2007. 11. Federal Highway Administration. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2009 Edition. FHWA, Washington, D.C., 2009. 12. Park, E.S., P.J. Carlson, R.J. Porter, and C.K. Anderson. Safety Effects of Wider Edge Lines on Rural, Two-Lane Highways. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 48, 2012, pp. 317–325. 13. Dixon, K.K., S. Geedipally, E.S. Park, R. Srinivasan, B. Lan, M. Brewer, S. Das, L. Wu, C.V. Zegeer, and E. Rista. NCHRP Project 17-66 Final Report: Guidance for Selection of Appropriate Countermeasures for Opposite Direction Crashes. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2020. 14. Srinivasan, R., J. Baek, D. Carter, B. Persaud, C. Lyon, K. Eccles, F. Gross, and N. Lefler. Safety Evaluation of Improved Curve Delineation. Report No. FHWA-HRT-09-045, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 2009. 15. FHWA. Pavement Friction Fact Sheet. Available at https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/pavement_ friction/pavement_friction.pdf. Accessed August 15, 2017. 16. Lyon, C., and B. Persaud. Safety effects of a targeted skid resistance improvement program. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2068, 2008, pp. 135–140. 17. Oh, S., D.R. Ragland, and C.Y. Chan. “Safety performance of experimental pavement types in California using before-and-after comparisons.” TRB 89th Annual Meeting CD-ROM, Paper 10-2876, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2010.

34 Guidelines for Treatments to Mitigate Opposite Direction Crashes 18. Pratt, M.P., S.R. Geedipally, A.M. Pike, P.J. Carlson, A.M. Celoza, and D. Lord. Evaluating the Need for Surface Treatments to Reduce Crash Frequency on Horizontal Curves. Report No. FHWA/TX-14/0-6714-1. Texas Department of Transportation. Austin, Texas. May 2014. 19. Merritt, D.K., C.A. Lyon, and B.N. Persaud. Evaluation of Pavement Safety Performance, Report No. FHWA- HRT-14-065, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 2015. 20. Donnell, E.T., R.J. Porter, and V.N. Shankar. A Framework for Estimating the Safety Effects of Roadway Lighting at Intersections. Safety Science, Vol. 48(10), pp. 1436–1444, 2010. 21. Abdel-Aty, M.A., C. Lee, J. Park, J. Wang, M. Abuzwidah, and S. Al-Arifi. Validation and Application of Highway Safety Manual (Part D) in Florida. Florida Department of Transportation. Tallahassee, Florida, May 2014. 22. Lutkevich, P., D. McLean, and J. Cheung. FHWA Lighting Handbook. Office of Safety, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., August 2012. 23. Hadi, M.A., J. Aruldhas, L. Chow, and J. Wattleworth. Estimating Safety Effects of Cross-Section Design for Various Highway Types Using Negative Binomial Regression. Transportation Research Record, No. 1500, 1995, pp. 169–177. 24. Park, J., and M. Abdel-Aty. Evaluation of Safety Effectiveness of Multiple Cross Sectional Features on Urban Arterials. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 92, pp. 245–255, 2016. 25. Graham, J., D. Harwood, K. Richard, M. O’Laughlin, E. Donnell, and S. Brennan. NCHRP Report 794: Median Cross-Section Design for Rural Divided Highways. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2014. 26. Bagdade, J., A. Ceifetz, M. Myers, C. Redinger, B.N. Persaud, and C.A. Lyon. Evaluating Performance and Making Best Use of Passing Relief Lanes. Report No. RC-1565, Michigan Department of Transportation, December 2012. 27. Park, B., K. Fitzpatrick, and M. Brewer. Safety Effectiveness of Super 2 Highways in Texas. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2280, 2012, pp. 38–50. 28. Schumaker, L., M.M. Ahmed, and K. Ksaibati. Policy Considerations for Evaluating the Safety Effective- ness of Passing Lanes on Rural Two-Lane Highways with Lower Traffic Volumes: Wyoming 59 Case Study. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2016. 29. Brewer, M.A., S.P. Venglar, L. Ding, K. Fitzpatrick, and B. Park, Operations and Safety of Super 2 Corridors with Higher Volumes. Report No. FHWA/TX-11/0-6135-1, Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, Texas, 2011. 30. Graham, J.L., K.R. Richard, M.K. O’Laughlin, and D.W. Harwood. Safety Evaluation of the SafetyEdge Treatment. Report No. FHWA-HRT-11-024, Office of Safety Research and Development, Federal Highway Administration. McLean, Virginia, 2011. 31. Federal Highway Administration. Safety Effects of the SafetyEdgeSM. Technical Summary of Crash Modification Factors. Report No. FHWA-HRT-17-044, Office of Safety, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 2017. Document available at: https://www.fhwa.dot. gov/innovation/everydaycounts/edc-1/pdf/safety_edge_techbrief.pdf. Accessed on July 16, 2017. 32. Li, Z., K. Kepaptsoglou, Y. Lee, H. Patel, Y. Liu, and H.G. Kim. Safety Effects of Shoulder Paving for Rural and Urban Interstate, Multilane, and Two-Lane Highways. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 139, No. 10. American Society of Civil Engineers, Washington, D.C., 2013, pp. 1010–1019. 33. Fitzpatrick, K., W.H. Schneider, and E.S. Park. Comparisons of Crashes on Rural Two-Lane and Four-Lane Highways in Texas. Report No. FHWA/TX-06/0-4618-1. Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, Texas, 2005. 34. Coulter, Z.C., and K. Ksaibati. Effectiveness of Various Safety Improvements in Reducing Crashes on Wyoming Roadways. Report No. MPC 13-262, Mountain Plains Consortium. Fargo, North Dakota, 2013. 35. Villwock, N.M., N. Blond, and A.P. Tarko. Safety Impact of Cable Barriers on Rural Interstates. TRB 88th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers CD-ROM, Washington, D.C., 2009. 36. Olsen, A.N., G.G. Schultz, D.J. Thurgood, and C.S. Reese. Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling for Before and After Studies. TRB 90th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers DVD, Washington, D.C., 2011. 37. Savolainen, P.T., T.J. Kirsch, R. Hamzeie, M.U.M. Johari, and E. Nightingale. In-Service Performance Evaluation of Median Cable Barriers in Iowa. InTrans Project 15-546. Iowa Department of Transportation, Ames, Iowa, May 2018. 38. Olson, D., M. Sujka, and B. Manchas. Cable Median Barrier Program in Washington State. Report No. WA-RD 812.1. Olympia, WA, June 2013. 39. Missouri Department of Transportation. A Comprehensive Analysis of and Direction for MoDOT’s Cable Median Barrier Program. MoDOT. Jefferson City, Missouri, July 31, 2007. 40. Marzougui, D., U. Mahadevaiah, F. Tahan, C.D. Kan, R. McGinnis, and R. Powers. NCHRP Report 711: Guidance for the Selection, Use, and Maintenance of Cable Barrier Systems. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2012. 41. Cooner, S.A., Y.K. Rathod, D.C. Alberson, R.P. Bligh, S.E. Ranft, and D. Sun. Development of Guidelines for Cable Median Barrier Systems in Texas. Report No. FHWA/TX-10/0-5609-2. Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, Texas, 2009.

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 Guidelines for Treatments to Mitigate Opposite Direction Crashes
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From 2016 through 2018, there were more than 19,200 vehicles in the United States involved in opposite direction crashes that resulted in a fatality. Approximately 68 percent of these crashes occurred on two-lane roadways.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 995: Guidelines for Treatments to Mitigate Opposite Direction Crashes provides state departments of transportation (DOTs) practitioners and other transportation professionals with comprehensive guidelines for the selection of cost effective countermeasures to address opposite direction crashes.

Supplemental to the report is a guidance document for selecting countermeasures.

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