Appendix E
Readings and Resources
Frameworks and Definitions
Bay Area Health Inequity Initiative. BARHII Framework. https://www.barhii.org/barhii-framework (accessed June 7, 2022).
Beeston, C., G. McCartney, J. Ford, E. Wimbush, S. Beck, W. MacDonald, and A. Fraser. 2014. Health inequalities policy review for the Scottish Ministerial Task Force on Health Inequalities. Edinburgh: NHS Health Scotland. http://www.healthscotland.scot/media/1053/1-healthinequalitiespolicyreview.pdf (accessed April 3, 2022).
Civic Engagement and Population Health Initiative. 2021. Civic engagement and population health: Compendium of key concepts and measures. 2021. University of California, Riverside and University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. https://socialinnovation.ucr.edu/document/compendium-civic-engagement-and-population-health (accessed April 3, 2022).
National Conference on Citizenship. 2019. Civic health index. https://ncoc.org/CHI/ (accessed March 3, 2022).
Office of Disease Prevention and Human Prevention. 2020. Civic participation. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-health/interventions-resources/civic-participation (accessed April 3, 2022).
Prevention Institute. 2015. THRIVE overview and background: Tool for health and resilience in vulnerable environments. Prevention Institute. https://www.preventioninstitute.org/sites/default/files/uploads/THRIVE%20overview%20and%20background.pdf (accessed April 3, 2022).
Fireside Chat
Dawes, D. E. 2020. The political determinants of health. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Dawes, D. E. 2021. The political determinants of health: Jessica’s story. [Video.] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmMutvgQIcU (accessed April 3, 2022).
NOTE: This figure shows Civic Engagement (at bottom, just above “Policy”) and its linkages with the factors that shape health and health inequity.
SOURCE: BARHII framework. https://www.barhii.org/barhii-framework (accessed March 3, 2022).
Givens, M., D. Kindig, P. Tran Inzeo, and V. Faust. 2018. Power: The most fundamental cause of health inequity? Health Affairs Blog, February 1. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20180129.731387/full/ (accessed April 3, 2022).
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Measurement
Adler, E. S., and J. D. Wilkerson. 2013. Congress and the politics of problem solving. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Boursaw, B., J. G. Oetzel, E. Dickson, T. S. Thein, S. Sanchez-Youngman, J. Peña, M. Parker, M. Magarati, L. Littledeer, B. Duran, and N. Wallerstein. 2021. Scales of practices and outcomes for community-engaged research. American Journal of Community Psychology 67(3–4):256–270.
Brown, C. L., D. Raza, and A. D. Pinto. 2020. Voting, health and interventions in healthcare settings: a scoping review. Public Health Reviews 41:16.
Dalton, R. J. 2017. The participation gap: Social status and political inequality. New York: Oxford University Press.
Gastil, J. 2018. The lessons and limitations of experiments in democratic deliberation. Annual Review of Law and Social Science 14: 271–91.
Gastil, J., K. Knobloch, and M. Kelly. 2012. Evaluating deliberative public events and projects. In T. Nabatchi, J. Gastil, M. Weiksner, and M. Leighninger (eds.), Democracy in motion: Evaluating the practice and impact of deliberative civic engagement. New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 205–229.
Grusky D. B., A. Carpenter, E. Graves, A. Kallschmidt, P. Mitnik, B. Nichols, and C. M. Snipp. 2021. The rise of the noxious contract. In Monitoring the crisis: American Voices Project. Stanford Center on Poverty & Inequality, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, and Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. https://inequality.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/research/articles/covid-noxious-contract.pdf (accessed April 3, 2022).
Healthy Democracy, Healthy People. 2021. Health and democracy index. https://democracyindex.hdhp.us (accessed April 3, 2022).
Hunter, D. 2020. More than a vote: Civic engagement and health amid COVID-19. Network for Public Health Law. https://www.networkforphl.org/news-insights/more-than-a-vote-civic-engagement-and-health-amid-covid-19 (accessed April 3, 2022).
Hunter, D. 2021. Lessons from the 2020 election cycle. In Burris, S., S. de Guia, L. Gable, D.E. Levin, W.E. Parmet, and N.P. Terry (eds.). COVID-19 policy playbook: Legal recommendations for a safer, more equitable future. Public Health Law Watch. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3808258 (accessed April 3, 2022).
Illness as indicator: Local health outcomes predict Trumpward swing. The Economist, November 19. https://www.economist.com/united-states/2016/11/19/illness-as-indicator (accessed April 3, 2020).
Jacobs, L. R., F. L. Cook, and M. X. Delli Carpini. 2009. Talking together: Public deliberation and political participation in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Katz, J.N., G. King, and E. Rosenblatt. 2020. Theoretical foundations and empirical evaluations of partisan fairness in district-based democracies. American Political Science Review 114(1):164–178.
Linkhart, D. 2019. The league’s civic index: Measuring your community’s capacity to solve problems and thrive. National Civic League. https://www.nationalcivicleague.org/the-leagues-civic-index-measuring-your-communitys-capacity-to-solve-problems-and-thrive (accessed April 3, 2022).
Lyon, G. 2021. The conditional effects of health on voter turnout. Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law 46(3):409–433.
Ramakrishnan, S. K., and I. Bloemraad. 2008. Chapter 1. In Civic Hopes and Political Realities: Immigrants, Community Organizations, and Political Engagement. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Schlozman, K. L., V. Sidney, and H. E. Brady. 2012. The unheavenly chorus: Unequal political voice and the broken promise of American democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Schraufnagel, S., M. J. Pomante II, and Q. Li. 2020. Cost of voting in the American states. Election Law Journal 19(4):503–509.
Special symposium on election sciences. 2020. American Politics Research 48(6):667–821.
Wallerstein, N., J. G. Oetzel, S. Sanchez-Youngman, B. Boursaw, E. Dickson, S. Kastelic, P. Koegel, J. E. Lucero, M. Magarati, K. Ortiz, M. Parker, J. Peña, A. Richmond, and B. Duran. 2020. Engage for equity: A long-term study of community-based participatory research and community-engaged research practices and outcomes. Health Education & Behavior 47(3):380–390.
Civic Infrastructure
Blair, J., and M. Kopell. 2015. 21st century civic infrastructure: Under construction. Washington, DC: The Aspen Institute Forum for Community Solutions.
Ballard, P. J., L. T. Hoyt, and M. C. Pachucki. 2019. Impacts of adolescent and young adult civic engagement on health and socioeconomic status in adulthood. Child Development 90(4):1138–1154.
Boyte, H. C., and T. Throntveit. 2021. Putting the “public” back in public works. Democracy, May 27. https://democracyjournal.org/arguments/putting-the-public-back-in-public-works (accessed April 3, 2022).
Clark, J. 2018. Widening the lens on voter suppression: From calculating lost votes to fighting for effective voting rights. Berkeley, CA: Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society, University of California, Berkeley. https://belonging.berkeley.edu/widening-lens-voter-suppression (accessed April 3, 2022).
Clinton, J. D., and M. W. Sances. 2018. The politics of policy: The initial mass political effects of Medicaid expansion in the states. American Political Science Review 112(1):167–185.
Dawes, D. E. 2018. The future of health equity in America: Addressing the legal and political determinants of health. The Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics 46(4):838–840.
Dobard, J., K. Engie, K. Ramakrishnan, and S. Shah. 2016. Unequal voices: California’s racial disparities in political participation. Advancement Project and University of California, Riverside School of Public Policy. https://www.advancementprojectca.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Unequal-Voices-Single-Page-Low-Res-7-1-16.pdf (accessed April 3, 2022).
Francis, M. M. 2014. Civil rights and the making of the modern American state. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Fung, A. 2006. Varieties of participation in complex governance. Public Administration Review 66:66–75.
Habibov, N., and R. Weaver. 2014. Endogenous social capital and self-rated health: Results from Canada’s general social survey. Health Sociology Review 23(3):219–231.
Levinson, M., and M. Z. Solomon. 2021. Can our schools help us preserve democracy? Special challenges at a time of shifting norms. Hastings Center Report 51(Suppl 1):S15–S22.
Milstein B., P. Stojicic, E. Auchincloss, and C. Kelleher. 2021. Civic life and system stewardship on the job: How can workers in every industry strengthen the belonging and civic muscle we all need to thrive? The Good Society 29(1–2):42–73.
Paschall, K. 2016. How integrated voter engagement builds power and changes policy. Responsive Philanthropy (1):3–6.
Ramakrishnan, K. 2020. 2020 census effort brought together diverse organizations to build stronger communities. Santa Maria Times, October 18. https://santamariatimes.com/opinion/columnists/karthick-ramakrishnan-2020-census-effort-brought-together-diverse-organizations-to-build-stronger-communities/article_e96507c4-7aa4-5329-ab79-b828abc18078.html (accessed April 3, 2022).
Wilkerson, R., R. Cantu, J. Garcia, T. Healy, J. Lee, O. Mestre Jr., A. O’Rourke, L. Rodgers, J. Weymouth. 2021. Socially connected communities: Solutions for social isolations. Healthy Places by Design. https://healthyplacesbydesign.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Socially-Connected-Communities_Solutions-for-Social-Isolation.pdf (accessed April 3, 2022).
Media and Narrative
Araiza, O., J. Clark, and G. Lenoir. 2020. From estrangement to engagement: Bridging to the ballot box. Othering and Belonging Institute. https://belonging.berkeley.edu/estrangement-engagement-bridging-ballot-box (accessed April 3, 2022).
Goulbourne, T. and I. Yanovitzky. 2021. The communication infrastructure as a social determinant of health: Implications for health policymaking and practice. Milbank Quarterly 99(1):24–40.
Kaebnick, G. E. 2021. Civic learning when the facts are politicized: How values shape facts, and what to do about it. Hastings Center Report 51(Suppl 1):S40–S45.
Napoli, P. Election 2020 and the further degradation of local journalism. In D. Jackson, D. S. Coombs, F. Trevisan, D. Lilleker, and E. Thorsen (eds.). U.S. Election Analysis 2020: Media, Voters and the Campaign. Poole, England: Centre for Comparative Politics and Media Research, Bournemouth University. P. 125.
Practical Exercise: Democratic Deliberation
Blacksher, E., A. Diebel, P.-G. Forest, S. D. Goold, and J. Abelson. 2012. What is public deliberation? Hastings Center Report 42(2):14–16.
Blacksher, E., G. Maree, S. Schrandt, C. Soderquist, T. Steffensmeier, and R. St Peter. 2015. Health policy, ethics, and the Kansas legislative health academy. American Journal of Public Health 105(3):485–489.
Burkhalter, S., J. Gastil, and T. Kelshaw. 2002. A conceptual definition and theoretical model of public deliberation in small face-to-face groups. Communication Theory 12:398–422.
Collins, J. E. 2021. Does the meeting style matter? The effects of exposure to participatory and deliberative school board meetings. American Political Science Review 115(3):790–804.
Gastil, J., C. Bacci, and M. Dollinger. 2010. Is deliberation neutral? Patterns of attitude change during “the deliberative polls.” Journal of Public Deliberation 6(2). https://doi.org/10.16997/jdd.107.
Additional Resources Connecting Civic Engagement and Health
Aspen Institute. 2022. Thrive Rural Framework. https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/community-strategies-group/thrive-rural (accessed April 3, 2022).
Build Healthy Places Network. 2022. Healthy neighborhood investments: A policy scan & strategy map. https://www.buildhealthyplaces.org/tools-resources/healthy-neighborhood-investments-policy-scan (accessed April 3, 2022).
Givens, M. L., B. B. Catlin, S. P. Johnson, E. A. Pollock, V. N. Faust, P. T. Inzeo, and D. A. Kindig. 2020. What do we know about the drivers of health and equity? A narrative review of graphic representations. Health Equity 4(1):446–462.
Holt-Lunstad, J., T. B. Smith, and J. B. Layton. 2010. Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLOS Medicine 7(7):e1000316.
McPhillips, D. 2020. Census response, civic engagement and COVID-19. U.S. News & World Report, September 22. https://www.usnews.com/news/healthiest-communities/articles/2020-09-22/how-covid-19-connects-to-the-census-and-civic-engagement (accessed April 3, 2022).
Milstein, B. 2008. Hygeia’s constellation: Navigating health futures in a dynamic and democratic world. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Syndemics Prevention Network. https://rethinkhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Hygeias-Constellation-Milstein-CDC-Final.pdf (accessed April 3, 2022).
Paths to renewal: How can we health through adversity and secure legacies of well-being and justice for generations to come? [Single-topic issue.] National Civic Review 109(4). https://www.nationalcivicleague.org/national-civic-review/issue/winter-2021-volume-109-number-4 (accessed April 3, 2022).
Well Being Trust. 2022. Thriving Together springboard. https://thriving.us (accessed April 3, 2022).
Relevant Work from the National Academies
Institute of Medicine. 2014. Supporting a movement for health and health equity: Lessons from social movements: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Communities in action: Pathways to health equity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Leading health indicators 2030: Advancing health, equity, and well-being. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, pp. 48–50.
National Research Council. 2014. Civic engagement and social cohesion: Measuring dimensions of social capital to inform policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
