Federal Funding Uncertainty in State, Local, and Regional Departments of Transportation: Impacts, Responses, and Adaptations (2022)

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E-1   Endnotes 1. While regional planning organizations regularly engage in project programming, they typically coordinate with their state DOT and local authorities on the remaining activities. 2. Federal guidance on fiscal constraint can be found at www.fhwa.dot.gov/pgc/index.cfm?ddisc=95&dsub=1522. 3. Declaration of Policy: Performance management will transform the Federal-aid highway program and pro- vide a means to the most efficient investment of Federal transportation funds by refocusing on national transportation goals, increasing the accountability and transparency of the Federal-aid highway program, and improving project decision-making through performance-based planning and programming. 4. If a state or region does not have nonattainment areas (e.g., is in attainment) these funds are still available for CMAQ- or STP-eligible projects. 5. Information on PennDOT Connects is available on the PennDOT website at www.penndot.gov/Project AndPrograms/Planning/Pages/PennDOT-Connects.aspx. 6. Declaration of Policy: Performance management will transform the Federal-Aid Highway Program and provide a means to the most efficient investment of federal transportation funds by refocusing on national transportation goals, increasing the accountability and transparency of the Federal-Aid Highway Program, and improving project decision-making through performance-based planning and programming. 7. If state or region does not have nonattainment areas (e.g., is in attainment) these funds are still available for CMAQ or STP eligible projects. 8. Areas that exceed NAAQS are said to be in nonattainment. Maintenance areas are areas that previously did not meet an air quality standard but now do, and have an EPA-approved plan to maintain that standard. 9. See the FHWA “Air Quality: CMAQ Public Access System” web page, https://fhwaapps.fhwa.dot.gov/ cmaq_pub/. 10. One ton is a unit of mass with multiple meanings. The United Kingdom’s statutory ton weighs 2,240 pounds, whereas the US and Canada’s statutory ton weighs 2,000 pounds. To minimize confusion, the former is conventionally referred to as a “long ton” and the latter as a “short ton.” Hereafter, “tons” refers to short tons. 11. Note that subsection (c)(1) makes certain exceptions to the generally applicable 80% rule, specifically for some safety projects. The CMAQ guidance notes that these projects may also have emissions benefits. 12. In FHWA 2020a, these are known as “Set-Aside from CMAQ Funds Based on PM 2.5 Standard for PM 2.5 Projects” and “CMAQ Funds After SPR & PM 2.5 Set-Asides,” respectively. 13. If these requirements are not met for three consecutive years, an allocation is set aside under the NHS Bridge Condition Penalty to restore bridges to the necessary ratings. 14. Including interstate highways, US highways, and state and county roads, as well as publicly accessible bridges on federal and tribal lands. 15. All dollar concepts modeled in NBIAS are in fixed 2019 dollars. The results are in 2019 fixed dollars. 16. Updated to reflect 2020 costs.

Abbreviations and acronyms used without denitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration GHSA Governors Highway Safety Association HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S. DOT United States Department of Transportation

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