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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26648.
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A

References

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26648.
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Carhart-Harris, R., B. Giribaldi, R. Watts, M. Baker-Jones, A. Murphy-Beiner, R. Murphy, J. Martell, A. Blemings, D. Erritzoe, and D. J. Nutt. 2021. Trial of psilocybin versus escitalopram for depression. New England Journal of Medicine 384(15):1402–1411. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2032994.

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26648.
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Gukasyan, N., A. K. Davis, F. S. Barrett, M. P. Cosimano, N. D. Sepeda, M. W. Johnson, and R. R. Griffiths. 2022. Efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted treatment for major depressive disorder: Prospective 12-month follow-up. Journal of Psychopharmacology 36(2):151–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211073759.

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Kettner, H., F. E. Rosas, C. Timmermann, L. Kärtner, R. L. Carhart-Harris, and L. Roseman. 2021. Psychedelic communitas: Intersubjective experience during psychedelic group sessions predicts enduring changes in psychological wellbeing and social connectedness. Frontiers in Pharmacology 12. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2021.623985.

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26648.
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Mitchell, J. M., M. Bogenschutz, A. Lilienstein, C. Harrison, S. Kleiman, K. Parker-Guilbert, M. Ot’alora G, W. Garas, C. Paleos, I. Garman, C. Nicholas, M. Mithoefer, S. Carlin, B. Poulter, A. Mithoefer, S. Quevedo, G. Wells, S. S. Klaire, B. van der Kolk, K. Tzarfaty, R. Amiaz, R. Worthy, S. Shannon, J. D. Woolley, C. Marta, Y. Gelfand, E. Hapke, S. Amar, Y. Wallach, R. Brown, S. Hamilton, J. B. Wang, A. Coker, R. Matthews, A. de Boer, B. Yazar-Klosinski, A. Emerson, and R. Doblin. 2021. MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Nature Medicine 27(6):1025–1033. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01336-3.

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26648.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26648.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26648.
×
Page 69
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26648.
×
Page 70
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26648.
×
Page 71
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26648.
×
Page 72
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26648.
×
Page 73
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Exploring Psychedelics and Entactogens as Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26648.
×
Page 74
Next: Appendix B: Workshop Agenda »
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Psychiatric illnesses - such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, substance use disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - are widely prevalent and represent a substantial health burden worldwide. Yet, conventional medications for mental illnesses often fail to provide relief to patients' disruptive and disabling symptoms. Existing and emerging evidence that psychedelics (e.g., LSD and psilocybin) and entactogens (e.g., MDMA) may be useful as tools to alleviate mental illness has sparked a renaissance of interest by investigators, clinicians, drug developers, and patient advocates in recent years. While promising data on therapeutic efficacy has energized research and development, resolving the mechanisms of action will be important for optimizing the efficacy and safety of these medicines. Further, evaluating the effect of psychedelics and entactogens on mood and behavior comes with unique challenges still in need of resolution. These include unresolved questions relating to blinding, placebo and nocebo effects, and the impact of psychosocial contexts.

In response to this renewed interest, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a workshop on March 29-30, 2022. The workshop brought together a diverse group of stakeholders to explore the use of psychedelics and entactogens as treatments for psychiatric disorders. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop.

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