Emerging Hazards in Commercial Aviation—Report 1: Initial Assessment of Safety Data and Analysis Processes (2022)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

Amy Ruth Pritchett (Chair) is a professor and the head of the Department of Aerospace Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University. Previ- ously, she was on the faculty of the Schools of Aerospace Engineering and Industrial and Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and she served via the Intergovernmental Personnel Act as the director of NASA’s Aviation Safety Program for 2 years. Her research focuses on the inter section of technology, expert human performance, and aerospace oper- ations, with a particular focus on designing to support safety. Her research topics have included autonomous flight and unmanned aerial vehicles, vehicle dynamics and controls, and vehicle systems engineering. She recently served as the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Cognitive Engineer ing and Decision Making. She has served on many National Academies’ commit- tees, including as the chair of the Committee for a Study of FAA Air Traffic Controller Staffing and as a member of the Committee on Assessing the Risks of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Integration and the Committee of the Federal Aviation Administration Research Plan on Certification of New Technologies into the National Airspace System. In addition, she served as a member of the National Academies’ Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board. She is a licensed pilot in airplanes and sailplanes. Dr. Pritchett earned an Sc.D., an S.M., and an S.B. in aeronautics and astro- nautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cody Fleming is an associate professor with the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Iowa State University. Prior to Iowa State, he had joint Appendix C Study Committee Biographical Information 103

104 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION—REPORT 1 appointments in systems engineering and mechanical and aerospace engi- neering at the University of Virginia (UVA). He was a founding member of the interdisciplinary Link Lab for Cyber-physical Systems at UVA. He also has a wide range of interest ranging from dynamics and control, system safety, autonomy and planning, system integration, and safety by design. Dr. Fleming has a bachelor’s degree in engineering from Hope College, a master of engineering in civil and environmental engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and a doctor of philosophy degree in aeronautics and astronautics from MIT. Robert J. Hansman Jr., is the T. Wilson Professor of Aeronautics and Astro- nautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he is the director of the MIT International Center for Air Transportation. He conducts research in the application of information technology in operational aero- space systems. He has more than 5,800 hours of pilot in-command time in airplanes, helicopters, and sailplanes, including meteorological, production, and engineering flight test experience. He chairs the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Research Engineering and Development Advisory Committee and other national and international advisory committees. He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering, is a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), and has received numerous awards including the AIAA Dryden Lectureship in Aeronautics Research, the Air Traffic Control Association Kriske Air Traffic Award, a Laurel from Aviation Week & Space Technology, and the FAA Excellence in Aviation Award. He is currently a member of the Board on Army Science and Technology and the Committee on Aviation Safety Assur- ance at the National Academies. He holds a Ph.D. in physics, meteorology, and aeronautics from MIT. Christopher A. Hart is the founder of Hart Solutions LLP, which special- izes in improving safety in a variety of contexts. He is the chair of the Washington Metrorail Safety Commission, a three-jurisdictional agency (Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, DC) that oversees the safety of the Washington area subway system. In 2019 he was asked by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to lead the Joint Authorities Technical Review that was created to bring together the certification authorities of 10 countries, as well as NASA, to review FAA’s process for certifying the flight control systems of the Boeing 737 Max and make recommenda- tions for improvement. In 2021 he was selected for the Board of the Joint Commission, a nongovernmental organization that accredits hospitals, to help improve health care safety. He was invited in 2021 to be on the FAA Management Advisory Council. After an Uber test vehicle struck and killed a pedestrian in Tempe, Arizona, in 2018, he was among the experts that

APPENDIX C 105 were engaged to recommend how to safely resume street testing. From 2009 until 2018 Mr. Hart was the chair, vice chair, and a member of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), having been nominated by President Obama. He was previously a member of NTSB from 1990 until 1993, having been nominated by (the first) President Bush. Mr. Hart has a law degree from Harvard Law School and master’s and bachelor’s degrees (magna cum laude) in aerospace engineering from Princeton University. He is a pilot with a Cessna Citation SIC Type Rating. Margaret T. Jenny is a retired president of RTCA, Inc., a private, not-for- profit corporation dedicated to the forging of wide-ranging, consensus-based recommendations in aviation policy, technology, and modernization. Prior to joining RTCA, she served as the chief executive officer of MJF Strategies, LLC, an aviation consulting firm; the vice president of corporate business devel opment at ARINC; the director of airline business and operations analysis for US Airways; and the technical director at The MITRE Corpora- tion. Her career focuses on helping diverse and competing stakeholders find common ground to expedite the continual modernization of the national air- space. She has served as the 2016 president of the Aero Club of Washington. She was a member of the National Academies’ Committee on the Federal Transportation R&D Strategic Planning Process; the Committee on Review of the National Transportation Science and Technology Strategy; and the Aeronautics Research and Technology Roundtable. Ms. Jenny earned her M.S. in computer science from American University. Paul McCarthy served as the chair of the Air Line Pilots Association and the International Federation of Air Line Pilots’ Associations from June 1990 to December 2012. Prior to that experience he was a captain for Delta Airlines from January 1973 to 2004. His expertise is sought in aviation flying and safety issues and he has testified before the House and Senate committees on these topics. Captain McCarthy holds a bachelor’s degree in accounting from the University of Notre Dame and a J.D. from Suffolk University Law School. Nadine B. Sarter is a professor in the Department of Industrial and Opera- tions Engineering, a member of the core faculty at the Robotics Institute, and the director of the Center for Ergonomics at the University of Michigan. She is also the director of the Occupational Safety Engineering and Ergonomics Program at the University of Michigan Center for Occupational Health and Safety. Her research in cognitive systems engineering focuses on the design and evaluation of tasks, protocols, and interfaces that support safe and effective human-automation/robot interaction and human–machine teaming. Specific research interests include contributors to and performance effects of

106 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION—REPORT 1 system complexity, haptic and multimodal display design, transparency and operator trust in highly autonomous systems, adaptive function allocation, attention and interruption management, and the design of decision aids for high-tempo operations. She has conducted her work in a wide range of application domains, most notably commercial and military aviation (both manned and unmanned operations), space, medicine, military operations, and the automotive industry. She serves as the associate editor for Human Factors and is a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making and the International Journal of Aviation Psychology. She is a fellow of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society and a member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Association for Computing Machinery, and the Society for Human Perfor- mance in Extreme Environments. She is an affiliate member of the American Psychological Association Division 21 (Applied Experimental and Engineer- ing Psychology). She is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a member of the 2017–2018 Cohort of the UM Rudi Ansbacher Women in Academic Medicine Leadership Scholars Program, and a member of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society fellow selection committee. She was a participant in the Human Performance Expert Panel to Inform the Air Force Strategy 2030 and a member of the National Academies’ (Board on Human-Systems Integration) Expert Panel on FAA Staffing Issues. She received an M.S. in applied and experimental psychology and a B.S. in psy- chology from the University of Hamburg in Germany in 1983 and 1981, respectively. She received a Ph.D. in industrial and systems engineering from The Ohio State University in 1994. Ashok N. Srivastava is the senior vice president and the chief data officer at Intuit. He is responsible for setting the vision and direction for artificial intelligence and data across Intuit to power prosperity across the world. He is an adjunct professor at Stanford University, a member of the Board of Directors of the University of Colorado Foundation, and a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). Previously, he was the vice president of big data and arti ficial intelligence systems and the chief data scientist at Verizon. His global team focused on building new revenue-generating products and services powered by big data and artificial intelligence. He was also the editor-in-chief of the AIAA Journal of Aerospace Information Systems. Previously, he led advanced technology programs in aerospace, space systems, and earth and space sciences at NASA. He is the author of more than 100 research articles in data mining, machine learning, and text mining, and has edited the book Text Mining: Classification, Clustering, and Applications. He has won numerous awards, including the IEEE Computer

APPENDIX C 107 Society Technical Achievement Award for “pioneering contributions to intel- ligent information systems,” the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal for contributions to state-of-the-art data mining and analysis, the NASA Honor Award for Outstanding Leadership, the NASA Distinguished Performance Award, several NASA Group Achievement Awards, the Distinguished Engi- neering Alumni Award from the University of Colorado Boulder, the IBM Golden Circle Award, and the Department of Education Merit Fellowship. Mr. Srivastava holds a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder. Kathleen M. Sutcliffe is a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor with appoint- ments in the Carey Business School, the School of Medicine (Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine), the School of Nursing, the Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality at Johns Hopkins University. She is also a professor emeritus of management and organization at the University of Michigan Ross School of Business. Her research program has been devoted to investigating how organizations and their members cope with uncertainty and how organizations can be designed to be more reliable and resilient. She has investigated organizational safety, high reliability, and resilience practices in oil and gas exploration and pro- duction, chemical processing, steel production, wildland firefighting, and in health care. She has published widely in management and organization theory and health care and has co-authored/co-edited seven books. She serves on the editorial boards of several journals, and participated previously in the National Academies’ study investigating workforce resilience at the Depart- ment of Homeland Security. She has consulted with the leadership teams of numerous companies, including Goldman Sachs, Georgia Pacific, Marathon Oil, and ThyssenKrupp. She is a fellow of the Academy of Management. She received her doctor of philosophy in organization theory and organizational behavior from The University of Texas at Austin. Alyson Wilson is the associate vice chancellor for national security and special research initiatives at North Carolina State University (NC State). She is also a professor in the Department of Statistics, the principal inves- tigator for the Laboratory for Analytic Sciences, and the director of the Data Science Initiative. She is a fellow of the American Statistical Associa- tion and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Her research interests include statistical reliability, Bayesian methods, and the application of statistics to problems in defense and national security. Prior to joining NC State, she was a research staff member at the Institute for Defense Analyses Science and Technology Policy Institute in Washington, DC (2011–2013); an associate professor in the Department of Statistics at Iowa State University (2008–2011); a technical staff member in the

108 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION—REPORT 1 Statistical Sciences Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory, where she continues as a guest scientist; and a senior statistician and an operations research analyst with Cowboy Programming Resources (1995–1999). She is the winner of the American Statistical Association Section on Statistics in Defense and National Security Distinguished Achievement Award (2018), NC State Alumni Association Outstanding Research Award (2017), and the Army Wilks Memorial Award (2015). In addition to numerous pub- lications, she has co-authored a book, Bayesian Reliability, and has co- edited two other books, Statistical Methods in Counterterrorism: Game Theory, Modeling, Syndromic Surveillance and Biometric Authentication and Modern Statistical and Mathematical Methods in Reliability. She has participated in seven previous National Academies’ studies, including the Committee on Methodological Improvements to the Department of Home- land Security’s Biological Agent Risk Analysis. Dr. Wilson received her Ph.D. in statistics from Duke University.