Design Guidelines for Mitigating Collisions with Trees and Utility Poles (2022)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

35   Albeck, W. H., and S. Estomin. (2003). Cost Benefits for Overhead vs. Underground Utilities. Report SP208B4C, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore, MD. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (2014). Highway Safety Manual: Supplement. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (2011). Roadside Design Guide. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (2010). Highway Safety Manual. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (2005a). A Policy on the Accommodation of Utilities within Freeway Right-of-Way. American Association of State Highway and Trans- portation Officials, Washington, DC. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (2005b). A Guide for Accom- modating Utilities within Highway Right-of-Way. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (1977). Guide for Selecting, Locating, and Designing Traffic Barriers. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO). (1967). Highway Design and Operational Practices Related to Highway Safety. American Association of State Highway Officials, Washington, DC. American Traffic Safety Services Association (ATSSA). (2015). Preventing Vehicle Departures from Roadways. American Traffic Safety Services Association, Fredericksburg, VA. Baye, R. (2012). The Price of a Utility Pole. Washington Examiner. Cairney, P., and P. Bennett. (2009). Surface Characteristics and Crash Occurrence on Selected Roads in Australia. Austroads, Sydney, Australia. Cooper, P. (1985). Analysis of Roadside Encroachments–Single-Vehicle Run-off-Road Accident Data Analysis for Five Provinces. B.C. Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Harmon, T., G. Bahar, and F. Gross. (2018). Crash Costs for Highway Safety Analysis. Report FHWA-SA-17-071. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Harwood, D. W., F. M. Council, E. Hauer, W. E. Hughes, and A. Vogt. (2000). Prediction of the Expected Safety Performance of Rural Two-Lane Highways. Report FHWA-RD-99-207, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Hutchinson, J. W., and T. W. Kennedy. (1966). Medians of Divided Highways – Frequency and Nature of Vehicle Encroachments. Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin 487, University of Illinois Urbana-Champlain. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013a). iRAP Methodology Fact Sheet 5: External Flow and Median Traversability. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013b). iRAP Methodology Fact Sheet 6: Star Rating Score Equations. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013c). iRAP Road Attribute Adjustment Factors: Curvature. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013d). iRAP Road Attribute Adjustment Factors: Delineation. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013e). iRAP Road Attribute Adjustment Factors: Grade. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013f). iRAP Road Attribute Adjustment Factors: Lane Width. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. References and Bibliography

36 Design Guidelines for Mitigating Collisions with Trees and Utility Poles International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013g). iRAP Road Attribute Adjustment Factors: Operating Speed. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013h). iRAP Road Attribute Adjustment Factors: Paved Shoulder Width. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013i). iRAP Road Attribute Adjustment Factors: Quality of Curve. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013j). iRAP Road Attribute Adjustment Factors: Road Con- dition. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013k). iRAP Road Attribute Adjustment Factors: Roadside Severity – Distance. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013l). iRAP Road Attribute Adjustment Factors: Roadside Severity – Object. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013m). iRAP Road Attribute Adjustment Factors: Shoulder Rumble Strips. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2013n). iRAP Road Attribute Adjustment Factors: Skid Resistance/Grip. https://www.irap.org/methodology/. International Road Assessment Program (iRAP). (2014). iRAP Methodology Fact Sheet 10: Casualty Estimation and Calibration. http://www.irap.org/methodology/. Lacy, K., R. R. Srinivasan, C. V. Zegeer, R. Pfefer, T. R. Neuman, K. L. Slack, and K. K. Hardy. (2004). NCHRP Report 500: Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Volume 8: A Guide for Reducing Collisions Involving Utility Poles. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC. Mak, K. K., and D. L. Sicking. (2003). NCHRP Report 492: Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) – Engineer’s Manual. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). (n.d.). Fatality Analysis Reporting System. https:// www.nhtsa.gov/research-data/fatality-analysis-reporting-system-fars. Neuman, T. R., R. Pfefer, K. L. Slack, K. K. Hardy, K. Lacy, and C. V. Zegeer. (2003). NCHRP Report 500: Guid- ance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Volume 3: A Guide for Addressing Collisions with Trees in Hazardous Locations. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC. Nilsson, G. (2004). Traffic Safety Dimensions and the Power Model to Describe the Effect of Speed on Safety. Bulletin 221. Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden. Office of Management and Budget (OMB). (2015). Guidelines and Discount Rates for Benefit-Cost Analysis of Federal Programs. Circular A-94, revised. RoadSafe LLC. (2012a). Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) Update, Appendix A: User’s Manual, Ver- sion 3.0.0. Final report, NCHRP Project 22-27. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. http:// rsap.roadsafellc.com. RoadSafe LLC. (2012b). Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) Update, Appendix B: Engineer’s Manual. Version 3.0.0. Final report, NCHRP 22-27. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. http://rsap. roadsafellc.com. Turner B., J. Affum, M. Tziotis, and C. Jurewicz. (2009). Review of iRAP Risk Parameters. 001496 Draft Contract Report. Australian Road Research Board Group. Turner, B., K. Imberger, P. Roper, V. Pyta, and J. McLean. (2010). Road Safety Engineering Risk Assessment, Part 6: Crash Reduction Factors. Report No. AP-T151/10. Austroads, Sydney, Australia. Turner, B., L. Steinmetz, A. Lim, and K. Walsh. (2012). Effectiveness of Road and Safety Engineering Treatments. Report No. AP-R422-12, Project ST1571. Austroads, Sydney, Australia. Turner, S., A. P. Roozenburg, and T. Francis. (2006). Predicting Accident Rates for Cyclists and Pedestrians. Land Transport New Zealand Research Report 289. Wellington, New Zealand. Ziegler, A. J., et al. (1986). Guide to Management of Roadside Trees. Report No. FHWA-IP-86-17. Turner–Fairbank Highway Research Center, FHWA, U.S. Department of Transportation, McLean, VA.