Accessibility Measures in Practice: A Guide for Transportation Agencies (2022)

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F-1   Appendix F provides worksheets that can be used by individuals or groups to facilitate a dis- cussion of the steps in Chapter 3. Appendix F can be accessed as an MS Word document on the National Academies Press website (www.nap.edu) by searching on NCHRP Research Report 1000: Accessibility Measures in Practice: A Guide for Transportation Agencies. A P P E N D I X F Worksheets Agency: __________________________________________________ Date: ____________ Project Name: ________________________________________________________________ Participants: _________________________________________________________________ Step 1: Identify goals, objectives, and context (Section 3.1) Think about how your performance management and decision-making process connects to agency goals and objectives. Summarize your goals and objectives below. Then, determine whether an accessibility perspective can help you achieve one or more of those goals. Goal Is accessibility the right concept? Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No

F-2 Accessibility Measures in Practice: A Guide for Transportation Agencies Next, think about the planning context in which accessibility measures will be applied. Decision-making process Examples include corridor analysis, project prioritization and selection, equity analysis, transit planning, long-range planning, scenario performance analysis, and nonmotorized planning Geographic character Agency size, region size, population density, land use, and urban form Audiences Internal, external, and familiarity with accessibility Resources Available staff, technical capacity, software, data, time resources, and budgets

Worksheets F-3   Step 2: Screen candidate measures or concepts (Section 3.2) Using the goals, objectives, and context described in Step 1, you can determine which acces- sibility measures are appropriate and applicable. This step will help users consider which measures fit based on application areas and help eliminate measures that are not a good fit. Candidate measures

F-4 Accessibility Measures in Practice: A Guide for Transportation Agencies Step 3: Select accessibility measures and dimensions (Section 3.3) Here are descriptions and examples of each type of accessibility measure and dimension. Decide which measures and dimensions are applicable and appropriate for your goals. Appendix A has additional examples from practice. Measure type Description Example Proximity How close is transportation infrastructure? Share of the population within ¼ mile of transit stops Access to Opportunities How many destinations can be reached? Number of jobs reachable within 30- minute drive Competitive How does competition from others affect people’s access to opportunities? Access to jobs by auto when accounting for the number of job seekers Trip Characteristics How easily can people travel to destinations? Estimated public transit trip characteristics for different demographic groups Potential Path Areas Where can I go given my destination, time, mode, and socioeconomic constraints? Reachable locations on transit given 90- minute travel time budget Logsums What value do people derive from available choices? Monetized change in the logsum due to a change in overall travel costs Conceptual Conceptual representation of accessibility Including accessibility concept in discussions; may include a score or rank Qualitative Qualitatively determined accessibility score or rank Accessibility score or rank based on a survey or participatory mapping Other Other types of measures Combining above measures into an index Primary dimensions Examples Impedance Mode-specific travel time Travel distance Travel cost Network quality Perceived safety or security Opportunity type Job counts Grocery stores Schools Healthcare facilities Person/Place perspective Population of interest Location of interest Secondary dimensions Examples Travel mode Auto Walk Bike Public transit Multimodal Time of day Public transit departure times Spatial disaggregation Census spatial units (e.g., tract, block) Transportation analysis zones Implied origin Home-based trips Trip chaining

Worksheets F-5   Selected measure Primary dimensions Secondary dimensions

F-6 Accessibility Measures in Practice: A Guide for Transportation Agencies Step 4: Identify data sources and estimate measures (Section 3.4) Determine your data sources and analysis methods. The table that follows shows some data sources for each type of dimension. Primary accessibility dimension Secondary accessibility dimensions Possible data sources Impedance • Travel mode • Time of day • Spatial disaggregation • Regional travel demand model skims • Google Maps API • Bing Maps API • GIS-based network analysis data sources for applications in ArcMap, OpenTripPlanner, R, and/or Python environments: — OpenStreetMap — HERE data — Detailed sidewalk data (only available locally) — Detailed bike infrastructure (only available locally) — General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data — Real-time vehicle location data (automatic vehicle location or GTFS-real-time sources) Opportunity Type/Land use • Time of day • Spatial disaggregation • Regional TAZ-level base year and forecast land use data • Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (US Census) • Census Transportation Planning Package • ArcGIS Business Analyst • Caliper Maptitude • Orbis (Bureau van Dijk) • Other publicly available datasets documenting facility locations and their characteristics • Regional travel/activity surveys • Infrastructure location layers Person/Place perspective • Spatial disaggregation • Implied origin • Regional travel/activity surveys • Public transit rider surveys • National Household Travel Survey • Anonymous location data • Decennial census • American Community Survey • Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Origin- Destination Employment Statistics (LODES) • Census Transportation Planning Package Example analysis methods for each measure type are described in Section 3.4 of this guide. Additional methodology resources are summarized in Appendix D. Appendix E includes addi- tional detail about software and data resources.

Worksheets F-7   Selected measure Data sources Analysis methods

F-8 Accessibility Measures in Practice: A Guide for Transportation Agencies Step 5: Evaluate, interpret, and communicate measures (Section 3.5) Explore how measures will be shared with internal and external stakeholders. Depending on the context, bar charts, maps, or presentations may be appropriate. Describe each measure’s limitations. Selected measure Communication Limitations

Worksheets F-9   Step 6: Revise accessibility applications (Section 3.6) Reflect on your measure’s ability to reflect your goals and its communicability. It may take several iterations until your measure is satisfactory and achieves your goals.