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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Zone of Intrusion Envelopes Under MASH Impact Conditions for Rigid Barrier Attachments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26796.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Zone of Intrusion Envelopes Under MASH Impact Conditions for Rigid Barrier Attachments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26796.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Zone of Intrusion Envelopes Under MASH Impact Conditions for Rigid Barrier Attachments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26796.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Zone of Intrusion Envelopes Under MASH Impact Conditions for Rigid Barrier Attachments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26796.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Zone of Intrusion Envelopes Under MASH Impact Conditions for Rigid Barrier Attachments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26796.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Zone of Intrusion Envelopes Under MASH Impact Conditions for Rigid Barrier Attachments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26796.
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153   Abu-Odeh, A., W. Williams, R. Ferdous, M. Spencer, R. Bligh, and W. Menges. 2013. Signs on Concrete Median Barriers. Report No. 0-6646-1, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Albuquerque, F.D.B., and D.L. Sicking. 2011. Evaluation of the In-Service Performance Evaluation of Safety-Shape and Vertical Concrete Barriers. MwRSF Research Report No. TRP-03-259-11, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Albuquerque, F.D.B., and D. L. Sicking. 2013. In-Service Performance Evaluation of Roadside Concrete Barriers. Journal of Transportation Safety and Security. Vol. 5, Issue 2, pp. 148–164. DOI 10.1080/19439962.2012.715618. AASHTO (American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials). 1989. Guide Specifications for Bridge Railings. Washington, DC. AASHTO (American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials). 2011. Roadside Design Guide [RDG], 4th ed. Washington, DC. AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials). 2016. Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware [MASH], 2nd ed. Washington, DC. AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials). 2017. LRFD Bridge Design Specifications [BDS], 8th ed. Washington, DC. Berg, F.A., P. Rücker, M. Gärtner, J. König, R. Grzbieta, and R. Zou. 2005. Motorcycle Impacts to Roadside Barriers – Real-World Accident Studies, Crash Tests, and Simulations Carried Out in Germany and Australia. Paper No. 05-0095, Presented at the 19th International Technical Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Washington, DC. Bhakta, S.K., K.A. Lechtenberg, R.K. Faller, J.D. Reid, R.W. Bielenberg, and E.L. Urbank. 2018. Performance Evaluation of New Jersey’s Portable Concrete Barrier with a Bolted Configuration and Grouted Toes – Test No. NJPCB-2. Report No. TRP-03-340-18, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Bielenberg, R. 2019. MASH TL-3 Evaluation of the Hawaii 34-in. Aesthetic Bridge Rail. Report No. TRP-03-420-19, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Bielenberg, R.W., M.K. Benson, C. Ginger, R.K. Faller, S.K. Rosenbaugh, and J.D. Reid. 2020. Iowa DOT Combination Bridge Separation Barrier with Bicycle Railing. Report No. TRP-03-408-19, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Bielenberg, R.W., R.K. Faller, and K.B. Ronspies. 2018. MASH TL-3 Evaluation of the Unreinforced, Single-Slope Concrete Median Barrier. Report No. TRP-03-388-18, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Bligh, R.P., W.L. Menges, and D.L. Kuhn. 2018. MASH Evaluation of TxDOT Roadside Safety Features—Phase I. Report No. 0-6946-1, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Bligh, R.P., W.L. Menges, B.L. Griffith, G.E. Schroeder, and D.L. Kuhn. 2019. MASH Evaluation of TxDOT Roadside Safety Features—Phase II. Report No. 0-6946-R2, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Bullard, D.L, R.P. Bligh, W.L. Menges, and R.R. Haug. 2010. NCHRP Web-Only Document 157: Evaluation of Existing Roadside Safety Hardware Using Updated Criteria. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Bullard, D.L., Jr., C.E. Buth, W.F. Williams, W.L. Menges, and S.K. Schoeneman. 2001. NCHRP Report 350 Evalua- tion of the T501 Bridge Rail with Soundwall. Report No. FHWA/TX-01/408460-F, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Buth, C.E., and W.L. Menges. 2011. MASH Test 5-12 of the Schöck ComBAR Parapet. Report No. 401761-SBG1, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Buth, C.E., and W.L. Menges. 2012. MASH Test 5-12 on the Ryerson/Pultrall Parapet. Report No. 510605-RYU1, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. References

154 Zone of Intrusion Envelopes Under MASH Impact Conditions for Rigid Barrier Attachments Daniello, A., and H.C. Gabler. 2011. The Effect of Barrier Type on Injury Severity in Motorcycle to Barrier Collisions in North Carolina, Texas, and New Jersey. Presented at the 2011 Annual Meeting of the Trans- portation Research Board, Washington, DC. Dearth, D. 2019. Pa. truck driver dies in fiery crash on I-70 near Hagerstown. Herald-Mail Media, January 3, 2019. https://www.heraldmailmedia.com/story/news/local/2019/01/03/pa-truck-driver-dies-in-fiery-crash-on-i- 70-near-hagerstow/44299485/. Eller, C.M. 2007. Determination of Impact Forces from Vehicle-to-Barrier Crashes. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Engineering ToolBox. 2004. Friction - Friction Coefficients and Calculator. Available at https://www.engineering toolbox.com/friction-coefficients-d_778.html. Gabauer, D. 2012. Real-World Performance of Longitudinal Barriers Struck by Large Trucks. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2309, pp. 127–134. Hallquist, J.O. 2007. LS-DYNA – Keyword User’s Manual—Volume I: Version 971. Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, CA. Her, V., C. Caldwell, J. Jewell, and R. Meline. 2017. Compliance Crash Testing of the CA ST-70SM Side Mounted Bridge Rail. Report No. FHWA/CA17-2557, Roadside Safety Research Group, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA. Hinojosa, M.A., R.K. Faller, S.K. Rosenbaugh, C.S. Stolle, R.W. Bielenberg, J.D. Rasmussen, J.S. Steelman, and J.C. Holloway. 2021. MASH 2016 Test Level 4 Evaluation of MnDOT Concrete Parapet with Brush Curb and Upper Beam and Post Rail with New Tapered End Section. Report No. TRP-03-403-21, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Hirsch, T.J. 1978. Analytical Evaluation of Texas Bridge Rails to Contain Buses and Trucks. Report No. FHWATX78-230-2, Study 2-5-78-230, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University. Hirsch, T.J., and W.L. Fairbanks. 1984. Bridge Rail to Restrain and Redirect 80,000 lb Tank Trucks. Report No. FHWA/TX-84/911-1F, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University. Jones, M. 2018. Incredible Video Shows Truck Smashing into Two Light Poles on I-43. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, May 11, 2018. https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/crime/2018/05/10/milwaukee-video-shows-truck- snapping-off-light-poles-43/600851002/. Keller, E.A., D.L. Sicking, R.K. Faller, K.A. Polivka, and J.R. Rohde. 2003. Guidelines for Attachments to Bridge Rails and Median Barriers. Report No. TRP-03-98-03, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Linton, D. 2018. Two Suffer Serious Injuries After Truck Strikes Bridge Support on I-495 in Mansfield. The Sun Chronicle, November 25, 2018. https://www.thesunchronicle.com/news/local_news/two-suffer-serious-injuries-after- truck-strikes-bridge-support-on-i-495-in-mansfield/article_2e86fdd1-b17d-567a-8a56-a9950e212f97.html Mak K.K, W.L. Beason, T.J. Hirsch, and W.L. Campise. 1988. Oblique Angle Crash Test of Loaded Heavy Trucks into an Instrumented Wall. Report No. DOT HS 807 256, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University. Mak, K.K., and D.L. Sicking. 1990. Rollover Caused by Concrete Safety-Shaped Barrier. Transportation Research Record No. 1258, 1990, pp. 71–81. Michie, J.D. 1981. NCHRP Report 230: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Appurtenances. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. Mohan, P., and D. Marzougui. 2007. Validation of a Single Unit Truck Model for Roadside Hardware Impact. International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 1–15. My Little Salesman. n.d. Used Fifth Wheel Holland Air Slide for 2010 Peterbilt 384 (Stock #SV-1317-3). Accessed originally at American Truck Sales & Salvage, September 2021. https://www.mylittlesalesman.com/used- fith-wheel-holland-air-slide-for-2010-peterbilt-384-9497975. NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration). n.d. Crash Simulation Vehicle Models. Washington, DC. Accessed January 2022. https://www.nhtsa.gov/crash-simulation-vehicle-models. Pena, O., R.K. Faller, J.D. Rasmussen, J.S. Steelman, S.K. Rosenbaugh, R.W. Bielenberg, P. Mauricio, and J.T. Duren. 2020. Development of a MASH Test Level 4 Steel, Side-Mounted, Beam-and-Post, Bridge Rail. Report No. TRP-03-410-20, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Plaxico, C.A., 2020. Need for Update to Single Unit Truck Model (MASH 10000S Vehicle). Presented at the 100th Annual Meeting of the TRB Roadside Safety Design Computational Mechanics, Subcommittee, AKD20(1). Plaxico, C., J. Kennedy, S. Simonovic, and N. Zisi. 2010a. Enhanced Finite Element Analysis Crash Model of Tractor-Trailers (Phase A). National Transportation Research Center, Inc., University Transportation Center. Plaxico, C., J. Kennedy, S. Simonovic, and N. Zisi. 2010b. Enhanced Finite Element Analysis Crash Model of Tractor-Trailers (Phase C). National Transportation Research Center, Inc., University Transportation Center. Polivka, K.A., R.K. Faller, D.L. Sicking, J.R. Rohde, R.W. Bielenberg, J.D. Reid, and B.A. Coon. 2006a. Perfor- mance Evaluation of the Permanent New Jersey Safety Shape Barrier –Update to NCHRP 350 Test No. 3-10 (2214NJ-1). Report No. TRP-03-177-06, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.

References 155   Polivka, K.A., R.K. Faller, D.L. Sicking, J.R. Rohde, R.W. Bielenberg, J.D. Reid, and B.A. Coon. 2006b. Perfor- mance Evaluation of the Permanent New Jersey Safety Shape Barrier—Update to NCHRP 350 Test No. 4-12 (2214NJ-2). Report No. TRP-03-178-06, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, October 2006. Polivka, K.A., J.A. Hascall, R.K. Faller, J.R. Rohde, J.C. Holloway, D.L. Sicking, and K. Kurz. 2005. Design and Evalua- tion of CYRO’s Paraglas Soundstop TL-4 Noise Barrier System. Report TRP-03-160-05, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Ray, M.H., C.E. Carrigan, and C.A. Plaxico. 2018. NCHRP Research Report 892: Guidelines for Shielding Bridge Piers. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Ray, M.H., C.E. Carrigan, and E.M Ray. Forthcoming. NCHRP Research Report 972: Development of Safety Performance-Based Guidelines for the Roadside Design Guide. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Ray, M.H. and M. Mongiardini. 2008. Roadside Safety Verification and Validation Program User’s Manual. Rev. 1.4, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA. Ray, M.H., C.A. Plaxico, and M. Anghileri. 2011. NCHRP Web-Only Document 179: Procedures for Verification and Validation of Computer Simulations Used for Roadside Safety Applications. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Reid, J.D. and D.L. Sicking. 2010. Zone of Intrusion Study. Report No. TRP-03-242-10, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Rosenbaugh, S.K., R.K. Faller, R.W. Bielenberg, D.L. Sicking, and J.D. Reid. 2012. Phase I Development of an Aesthetic, Precast Concrete Bridge Rail. Report No. TRP-03-239-12, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Rosenbaugh, S.K., R.K. Faller, J. Dixon, A. Loken, J.D. Rasmussen, and J. Flores. 2021. Development and Testing of an Optimized MASH TL-4 Bridge Rail. Report No. TRP-03-415-21, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Rosenbaugh, S.K., R.K. Faller, J.A. Hascall, E.M. Allison, R.W. Bielenberg, J.R. Rohde, K.A. Polivka, D.L. Sicking, and J.D. Reid. 2008. Development of a Stand-Alone Concrete Bridge Pier Protection System. Report No. TRP-03- 190-08, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Rosenbaugh, S.K., J.D. Schmidt, E.M. Regier, and R.K. Faller. 2016. Development of the Manitoba Constrained- Width, Tall Wall Barrier. Report No. TRP-03-356-16, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Rosenbaugh, S.K., D.L. Sicking, and R.K. Faller. 2007. Development of a TL-5 Vertical Faced Concrete Median Barrier Incorporating Head Ejection Criteria. Report No. TRP-03-194-07, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Ross, H.E., D.L. Sicking, R.A. Zimmer, and J.D. Michie. 1993. NCHRP Report 350: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. Ryder. n.d. Navistar International 4300. Accessed October 2021. https://ryder.com/used-trucks/inventory/maryland/ baltimore-laurel/truck/box-trucks/2016/navistar-international/4300/371259/. Schmidt, J.D., N. Asselin, R.K. Faller, W.G. Fallet, J.C. Holloway, and K.A. Lechtenberg. 2019. Evaluation of the Minnesota Noise Wall and Rubrail System. Report No. TRP-03-396-19, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Schmidt, J.D., R.K. Faller, K.A. Lechtenberg, D.L. Sicking, and J.D. Reid. 2009. Development and Testing of a New Vertical-Faced Temporary Concrete Barrier for Use on Composite Panel Bridge Decks. Report No. TRP-03- 220-09, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Segura, M. 2018. Car Wedged Between 18-Wheeler and Concrete Barrier. KNOE Channel 8, Monroe, LA, June 21, 2018. https://www.knoe.com/content/news/Car-wedged-between-18-wheeler-and-guardrail-486161471.html. Sheikh, N.M., R.P. Bligh, J.C. Kovar, S. Cakalli, W.L. Menges, G.E. Schroeder, and D.L. Kuhn. 2020. Development of Structurally Independent Foundations for 36-Inch Tall Single-Slope Traffic Rail (SSTR) for MASH TL-4. Report No. 0-6968-R7, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Sheikh, N.M., R.P. Bligh, and W.L. Menges. 2011. Determination of Minimum Height and Lateral Design Load for MASH Test Level 4 Bridge Rails. Report No. FHWA/TX-12/9-1002-5, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Silvestri Dobrovony, C., N. Schulz, S. Moran, T. Skinner, R. Bligh, and W. Williams. 2017. MASH Equivalency of NCHRP Report 350-Approved Bridge Railings. NCHRP Project No. 20-07 (Task 395), TTI Project 607141, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Silvestri Dobrovony, C., S. Shi, R.P. Bligh, W.L. Menges, and D.L. Kuhn. 2018. MASH TL-3 Evaluation of the TxDOT TL-3 Low-Profile Barrier for High Speed Applications. Report No. FHWA/TX-18/0-6968-R1, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Stolle, C.J., J.D. Reid, and R.K. Faller. 2014. Zone of Intrusion for Permanent 9.1-Degree Single-Slope Concrete Barriers. Report No. TRP-03-292-13, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.

156 Zone of Intrusion Envelopes Under MASH Impact Conditions for Rigid Barrier Attachments Stolle, C.S., L.R. Rilett, R.K. Faller, J.D. Reid, L. Jones, J.C. Holloway, and B. Naik. 2014. Evaluation of Speed Table Test No. ST-1 and CARSIM Model Validation. Final Report to the Military Surface Deployment and Distri- bution Command Transportation Engineering Agency (SDDCTEA), MwRSF Report No. TRP-03-307-14, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility and Nebraska Transportation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Stolle, C.S., E. Vasquez, C. Fang, A. Loken, Z. Habib, R.K. Faller, J. Steelman, and J. Revell. 2022. MASH TL-6 Evaluation of a 62-in. Tall, Single-Slope Concrete Median Barrier. Final Report to the Mid-America Transpor- tation Center, MwRSF Research Report No. TRP-03-463-22, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Stone, T., 2016. Coca-Cola Van Hangs Over Concrete Wall on Southbound I-95. Local10 News, October 20, 2016. Hollywood, FL. https://www.local10.com/traffic/2016/10/20/coca-cola-van-hangs-over-concrete- wall-on-southbound-i-95/. Tamburin, A. 2014. I-65 Bridge Closed for Months After Franklin Tanker Explosion Kills Truck Driver. The Tennessean, August 15, 2014. https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/local/williamson/2014/08/15/franklin- tanker-explosion-65/14097717/. Truck Parts Inventory. n.d. 1997 HOLLAND Stationary (Stock #27824). Accessed September 2021. https:// truckpartsinventory.com/parts/details/80007103. Vasquez, E. 2020. Fluid Modeling and Analysis of a MASH TL-6 Vehicle Model. MS thesis. University of Nebraska- Lincoln. Whitfield, D.L. 2018. Investigation of a Tractor-Tank Trailer Roadside Containment Barrier. Master’s Thesis, University of Nebraska. Wiebelhaus, M.J., K.A. Polivka, R.K. Faller, J.R. Rohde, D.L. Sicking, J.C. Holloway, J.D. Reid, and R.W. Bielenberg. 2008. Evaluation of Rigid Hazards Placed in the Zone of Intrusion. Report No. TRP-03-151-08, Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Williams, W.F. and R.P. Bligh. 2011. TM-9-1002-1, TxDOT T131 Bridge Rail, TxDOT Project 9-1002, Roadside Safety Crash Testing Program. Technical Memorandum, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Williams, W.F., R.P. Bligh, and W.L. Menges. 2012. MASH TL-3 Testing and Evaluation of a Steel Bridge Rail with Pickets. Report No. 9-1002-12-2, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Williams, W.F., R.P. Bligh, W.L. Menges, and D.L. Kuhn. 2018. Crash Test and Evaluation of the TxDOT T224 Bridge Rail. Report No. 9-1002-15-5, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Williams, W.F., W.L. Menges, and B.G. Griffith. 2019. MASH TL-4 Evaluation of 2019 MASH 2-Tube Bridge Rail. Report No. 608331-01-1A-2-3, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX. Williams, W.F., W.L. Menges, and D.L. Kuhn. 2015. MASH TL-4 Evaluation of the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway Dual-Rail Bridge Rail (46-Inch Tall; Option B). 2015. Report No. 690900-GEC7-9, Texas A&M Transporta- tion Institute, College Station, TX. Williams, W.F., N.M. Sheikh, W.L. Menges, D.L. Kuhn, and R.P. Bligh. 2018. Crash Test and Evaluation of Restrained Safety-Shape Concrete Barriers on Concrete Bridge Deck. Report No. 9-1002-15-3, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX, January 2018. Zou, Y., and A.P. Tarko. 2016. Performance Assessment of Road Barriers in Indiana. Report No. FHWA/ IN/JTRP-2016/12, Joint Transportation Research Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. https:// doi:10.5703/1288284316335.

Abbreviations and acronyms used without de nitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration GHSA Governors Highway Safety Association HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S. DOT United States Department of Transportation

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 Zone of Intrusion Envelopes Under MASH Impact Conditions for Rigid Barrier Attachments
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Roadside barriers are often used to shield fixed objects that may be hazardous to errant vehicles within the roadside clear zone. Barriers are also used to prevent vehicles from engaging hazards located behind the barriers, such as steep drop-offs or slopes, and to prevent cross-median crashes.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1018: Zone of Intrusion Envelopes Under MASH Impact Conditions for Rigid Barrier Attachments seeks to develop zone of intrusion (ZOI) envelopes for a variety of rigid barriers under MASH (AASHTO’s Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware) safety criteria and develop implementation guidance for highway design practitioners.

Supplemental to the report are Appendices A-F and a Presentation.

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