Pathways to an
Equitable and Just
Energy Transition
Principles, Best Practices, and
Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement
_____
Anne Frances Johnson, Rapporteur
Committee on Accelerating Decarbonization
in the United States: Technology, Policy, and
Societal Dimensions
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
Division on Earth and Life Studies
Board on Environmental Change and Society
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and
Education
Transportation Research Board
Proceedings of a Workshop
NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
This study was supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Gates Ventures, Heising-Simons Foundation, Incite Labs, and Quadrivium Foundation with support from the National Academy of Sciences’ Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fund, National Academy of Sciences’ Arthur L. Day Fund, and National Academy of Sciences’ Thomas Lincoln Casey Fund. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-70176-1
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-70176-7
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/26935
This publication is available in limited quantities from:
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
500 Fifth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
bees@nas.edu
http://www.sites.nationalacademies.org/DEPS/BEES
This publication is available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2023 by the National Academy of Sciences. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academies Press and the graphical logos for each are all trademarks of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to an Equitable and Just Energy Transition: Principles, Best Practices, and Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26935.
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president.
The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.
The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.
Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.
Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task.
Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.
Rapid Expert Consultations published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are authored by subject-matter experts on narrowly focused topics that can be supported by a body of evidence. The discussions contained in rapid expert consultations are considered those of the authors and do not contain policy recommendations. Rapid expert consultations are reviewed by the institution before release.
For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo.
COMMITTEE ON ACCELERATING DECARBONIZATION IN THE UNITED STATES: TECHNOLOGY, POLICY, AND SOCIETAL DIMENSIONS
STEPHEN W. PACALA (NAS), Princeton University, Chair
DANIELLE DEANE-RYAN, Bezos Earth Fund
ALEXANDRA FAZELI, National Association of State Energy Officials
JULIA H. HAGGERTY, Montana State University
CHRIS T. HENDRICKSON (NAE), Carnegie Mellon University
ADRIENNE L. HOLLIS, Hollis Environmental Consulting
ROXANNE JOHNSON, BlueGreen Alliance
TIMOTHY C. LIEUWEN (NAE), Georgia Institute of Technology
VIVIAN E. LOFTNESS, Carnegie Mellon University
CARLOS E. MARTÍN, Brookings Institution and Harvard University
MICHAEL A. MÉNDEZ, University of California, Irvine
CLARK A. MILLER, Arizona State University
JONATHAN A. PATZ, University of Wisconsin–Madison
KEITH PAUSTIAN, Colorado State University
WILLIAM PIZER, Resources for the Future
ED RIGHTOR, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy
PATRICIA ROMERO-LANKAO, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Chicago
DEVASHREE SAHA, World Resources Institute United States
KELLY SIMS GALLAGHER, Tufts University
SUSAN F. TIERNEY, Analysis Group
WILLIAM WALKER, University of California, Berkeley
Staff
K. JOHN HOLMES, Board Director/Scholar, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES), Study Director
ELIZABETH ZEITLER, Associate Director, BEES
STEPHEN GODWIN, Scholar, Transportation Research Board Consensus and Advisory Studies Division
DAVID BUTLER, J. Herbert Hollomon Scholar and Director, Cultural, Ethical, Social, and Environmental Responsibility in Engineering Program, National Academy of Engineering
ELIZABETH FINKELMAN, Senior Program Officer, Grand Challenge on Climate Change, Human Health, and Equity, National Academy of Medicine
BRENT HEARD, Program Officer, BEES
KASIA KORNECKI, Program Officer, BEES
ALEX REICH, Program Officer, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
CATHERINE WISE, Program Officer, BEES
HANNAH STEWART, Associate Program Officer, Board on Environmental Change and Society
REBECCA DEBOER, Research Associate, BEES
KYRA HOWE, Research Assistant, BEES
JASMINE VICTORIA BRYANT, Program Assistant, BEES
KAIA RUSSELL, Program Assistant, BEES
BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
JARED COHON (NAE), Carnegie Mellon University, Chair
VICKY BAILEY, Anderson Stratton Enterprises, LLC
CARLA BAILO, Center for Automotive Research
DEEPAKRAJ M. DIVAN (NAE), Georgia Institute of Technology
MARCIUS EXTAVOUR, XPRIZE
T.J. GLAUTHIER, TJG Energy Associates, LLC
PAULA GLOVER, Alliance to Save Energy
NAT GOLDHABER, Claremont Creek Ventures
DENISE GRAY, LG Chem Michigan, Inc.
JENNIFER R. HOLMGREN, LanzaTech
JOHN G. KASSAKIAN (NAE), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MICHAEL LAMACH, Trane Technologies
ARATI PRABHAKAR (NAE), Actuate
JOSÉ SANTIESTEBAN (NAE), ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company
ALEXANDER SLOCUM (NAE), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
SUSAN F. TIERNEY, Analysis Group
GORDON VAN WELIE (NAE), ISO New England, Inc.
DAVID G. VICTOR, University of California, San Diego
Staff
K. JOHN HOLMES, Director and Scholar
ELIZABETH ZEITLER, Associate Board Director
BRENT HEARD, Program Officer
KASIA KORNECKI, Program Officer
CATHERINE WISE, Program Officer
REBECCA DEBOER, Research Associate
KYRA HOWE, Research Assistant
JASMINE VICTORIA BRYANT, Program Assistant
KAIA RUSSELL, Program Assistant
HEATHER LOZOWSKI, Financial Manager
JAMES ZUCCHETTO, Senior Scientist
BOARD ON ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES AND CLIMATE
MARY GLACKIN, The Weather Company, an IBM Business (Retired), Chair
CYNTHIA S. ATHERTON, Heising-Simons Foundation
CECILIA BITZ, University of Washington
JOHN C. CHIANG, University of California, Berkeley
BRADLEY R. COLMAN, The Climate Corporation
BART E. CROES, California Air Resources Board (Retired)
ROBERT B. DUNBAR, Stanford University
EFI FOUFOULA-GEORGIOU (NAE), University of California, Irvine
PETER C. FRUMHOFF, Union of Concerned Scientists
VANDA GRUBIŠIĆ, National Center for Atmospheric Research
ROBERT KOPP, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
L. RUBY LEUNG (NAE), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
ZHANQING LI, University of Maryland
JONATHAN MARTIN, University of Wisconsin–Madison
AMY MCGOVERN, University of Oklahoma
JONATHAN PATZ, University of Wisconsin–Madison
J. MARSHALL SHEPHERD (NAS/NAE), University of Georgia
ALLISON STEINER, University of Michigan
DAVID W. TITLEY, U.S. Navy (retired), The Pennsylvania State University
ARADHNA TRIPATI, University of California, Los Angeles
DUANE E. WALISER, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
ELKE WEBER, Princeton University
Staff
AMANDA STAUDT, Senior Board Director
APURVA DAVE, Senior Program Officer
APRIL MELVIN, Senior Program Officer
AMANDA PURCELL, Senior Program Officer
ALEX REICH, Program Officer
RACHEL SILVERN, Program Officer
MORGAN DISBROW-MONZ, Associate Program Officer
BRIDGET MCGOVERN, Associate Program Officer
PATRICIA RAZAFINDRAMBININA, Associate Program Officer
ELISE MIALOU, Senior Finance Business Partner
RITA GASKINS, Administrative Coordinator
AMY MITSUMORI, Research Associate
ROB GREENWAY, Program Associate
KYLE ALDRIDGE, Senior Program Assistant
LINDSAY MOLLER, Program Assistant
SABAH RANA, Program Assistant
BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND SOCIETY
KRISTIE L. EBI, University of Washington, Chair
BILAL M. AYYUB, University of Maryland
LISA DILLING, University of Colorado Boulder
KENNETH GILLINGHAM, Yale University
LORI HUNTER, University of Colorado Boulder
KATHARINE L. JACOBS, University of Arizona
STEVEN H. LINDER, University of Texas School of Public Health
GARY E. MACHLIS, Clemson University
MICHEAL A. MÉNDEZ, University of California, Irvine
ASEEM PRAKASH, University of Washington
BENJAMIN K. SOVACOOL, Boston University
MICHAEL VANDENBERGH, Vanderbilt University School of Law
CATHY L. WHITLOCK (NAS), Montana State University
Staff
THOMAS THORNTON, Director
CHANDRA MIDDLETON, Program Officer
JOHN BEN SOILEAU, Program Officer
HANNAH STEWART, Associate Program Officer
SHARON BRITT, Program Coordinator
GRACE BETTS, Research Associate
SITARA RAHIAB, Senior Program Assistant
This page intentionally left blank.
Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
CHELSEA FOWLER, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
KATHRYN J. JACKSON (NAE), Independent Consultant
CAROL LEWIS, Texas Southern University
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by CHERRY MURRAY (NAS/NAE). She was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteur and the National Academies.
This page intentionally left blank.
This page intentionally left blank.