Construction Guidelines for Cold Central Plant Recycling and Cold In-Place Recycling (2023)

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45 6 REFERENCES 1. Apeagyei, A. K., and Diefenderfer, B. K. (2013). Evaluation of Cold In-Place and Cold Central-Plant Recycling Methods Using Laboratory Testing of Field-Cored Specimens. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 11, pp. 1712–1720. 2. Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association. (2016). Recommended Mix Design Guidelines for Cold Recycling Using Emulsified Asphalt Recycling Agent. Accessed at https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.arra.org/resource/resmgr/files/ARRA-CR201.pdf. 3. Asphalt Academy (2009). Technical Guideline: Bitumen Stablised Materials. TG2 Second Edition. Accessed at http://www.aapaq.org/q/2011st/docs/TG2.pdf. 4. Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association. (2015). Basic Asphalt Recycling Manual. 5. Bowering, R. (1970). Properties and Behaviors of Foamed Bitumen Mixtures for Road Building. Proceedings of 5th ARRB Conference, Australian Road Research Board, Canberra, 6, 38–57. 6. Bowers, B. F., Allain, D. E., and Diefenderfer, B. K. (2020). Review of Agency Pavement Recycling Construction Specifications. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2674, pp. 243–251. 7. Cox, B., and Howard, I. (2016). Cold In-Place Recycling Characterization for Single- Component or Multiple-Component Binder Systems. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 11. 8. Cross, S. A., and Young, D. A. (1997). Evaluation of Type C Fly Ash in Cold In-Place Recycling. Transportation Research Record, No. 1583, pp. 82–90. 9. Cross, S. A., Chesner, W. H., Justus, H. G., and Kearney, E. R. (2011). Life-Cycle Environmental Analysis for Evaluation of Pavement Rehabilitation Options. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2227, pp. 43–52. 10. Diaz-Sanchez, M., Timm, D., and Diefenderfer, B. (2017). Structural Coefficients of Cold Central-Plant Recycled Asphalt Mixtures. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, Vol. 143, No. 6. 11. Diefenderfer, B. K., Apeagyei, A. K., Gallo, A. A., Dougald, L. E., and Weaver, C. B. (2012). In-Place Pavement Recycling on I-81 in Virginia. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2306, pp. 21–27. 12. Diefenderfer, B. K., Bowers, B. F., and Apeagyei, A. K. (2015). Initial Performance of Virginia’s Interstate 81 In-Place Pavement Recycling Project. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2524, pp. 152–159. 13. Diefenderfer, B. K., Bowers, B. F., Schwartz, C. W., Farzaneh, A., and Zhang, Z. (2016). Dynamic Modulus of Recycled Pavement Mixtures. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2575, 19–26. 14. Diefenderfer, B., and Bowers, B. (2017). Renewed Strength. Roads & Bridges, Accessed at https://www.roadsbridges.com/renewed-strength. 15. Diefenderfer, B. K., and Boz, I. (2019). Evaluating Cracking Tests for Performance- Based Design Concept for Cold Recycled Mixtures. Proceedings of International Airfield and Highway Pavements Conference: Design, Construction, Condition Evaluation, and Management of Pavements, American Society of Civil Engineers, Chicago, IL, pp. 220– 229.

46 16. Diefenderfer, B. K. and Link, S. D. (2014). Temperature and Confinement Effects on the Stiffness of a Cold Central-Plant Recycled Mixture. Proceedings: 12th International Society for Asphalt Pavements Conference on Asphalt Pavements, Raleigh, NC. 17. Eller, A., and Olson, R. (2009). Recycled Pavements Using Foamed Asphalt in Minnesota. Final Report No. MN/RC 2009-09, Maplewood, MN. 18. Gu, F., Ma, W., West, R., Taylor, A., and Zhang, Y. (2019). Structural Performance and Sustainability Assessment of Cold Central-Plant and In-Place Recycled Asphalt Pavements: A Case Study. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 208, pp. 1513–1523. 19. Kandhal, P. S., and Koehler, W. C. (1987). Cold Recycling of Asphalt Pavements on Low-Volume Roads. Transportation Research Record, No. 1106, pp. 156–163. 20. Khosravifar, S., Schwartz, C., and Goulias, D. (2015). Mechanistic Structural Properties of Foamed Asphalt Stabilized Based Materials. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 27–38. 21. Kim, Y., and Lee, H. (2006). Development of Mix Design Procedure for Cold In-Place Recycling with Foamed Asphalt. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 116–124. 22. Kim, Y., Lee, D., and Heitzman, M. (2007). Validation of New Mix Design Procedure for Cold In-Place Recycling with Foamed Asphalt. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 11, pp. 1000–1010. 23. Kim, Y., Lee, H., and Heitzman, M. (2009). Dynamic Modulus and Repeated Load Tests of Cold In-Place Recycling Mixtures Using Foamed Asphalt. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 279–285. 24. Kuna, K., Airey, G., and Thom, N. (2014). Laboratory Mix Design Procedure for Foamed Bitumen Mixtures. Transportation Research Record: Journal of Transportation Research Board, No. 2444, pp. 1–10. 25. Lin, J., Hong, J., and Xiao, Y. (2017). Dynamic Characteristics of 100% Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixture Using Asphalt Emulsion and Cement. Journal of Cleaner Production, 156: 337–344. 26. Ma, W. (2018). Design and Characterization of Cold Recycled Foamed Asphalt Mixtures with High RAP Contents. Ph.D. Dissertation, Auburn University, Auburn, AL. 27. Ma, W., West, R. C., Tran, N., Diefenderfer, B. K., and Chen, C. (2018). Effects of Mineral Additives on Cold Recycled Foamed Asphalt Mixtures Cured in Laboratory and Field Conditions. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2672, pp. 134–143. 28. Maccarrone, S. (1995). Cold Asphalt Systems as an Alternative to Hot Mix. 9th AAPA International Conference, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 19–24. 29. Maurer, G., Bemanian, S., and Polish, P. (2007). Alternative Strategies for Rehabilitation of Low-Volume Roads in Nevada. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1989, pp. 309–320. 30. Minotra, D., Veeraragavan, A., and Mallick, R. B. (2015). Laboratory and Field Investigation of Mechanistic Properties of Foamed Asphalt Recycled Base Course Materials for High Volume Pavements in India. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Vol. 29, No. 6.

47 31. Schwartz, C. W., Diefenderfer, B. K., and Bowers, B. F. (2017). NCHRP Research Report 863: Material Properties of Cold In-Place Recycled and Full-Depth Reclamation Asphalt Concrete. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/24902. 32. Diefenderfer, B. K., Boz, I., Habbouche, J., Jones, D., Hand, A. J. T., Bowers, B. F., Flintsch, G. (2021). NCHRP Research Report 960: Proposed AASHTO Practice and Tests for Process Control and Product Acceptance of Asphalt-Treated Cold Recycled Pavements. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/25971. 33. National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT). (2018). Cold Recycling of Asphalt Pavements. NCAT Newsletter, Accessed at: http://www.eng.auburn.edu/research/centers/ncat/newsroom/2018- spring/coldrecycling.html. 34. Niazi, Y., and Jalili, M. (2009). Effect of Portland Cement and Lime Additives on Properties of Cold In-Place Recycled Mixtures with Asphalt Emulsion. Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 23, pp. 1338–1343. 35. Nielsen, N., Hauser, B., Preber, T., et al. (2007). Quality Base Material Produced Using Full Depth Reclamation on Existing Asphalt Pavement Structure. FHWA DTFH61-06-R- 00031. Task 2 Report, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD. 36. Nosetti, A., Perez-Jimenez, F., Martinez, A., and Miro, R. (2016). Effect of Hydrated Lime and Cement on Moisture Damage of Recycled Mixtures with Foamed Bitumen and Emulsion. Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers, Washington, DC. 37. Pakes, A., Edil, T., Sanger, M., Olley, R., and Klink, T. (2018). Environmental Benefits of Cold-In-Place Recycling. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2672, pp. 11–19. 38. Pinto, I., and Buss, A. (2020). Layer Coefficients of Cold In-Place Recycled Layers from Performance Data. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 304–310. 39. Santos, J., Bryce, J., Flintsch, G., Ferreira, A., and Diefenderfer, B. (2015). A Life Cycle Assessment of In-Place Recycling and Conventional Pavement Construction and Maintenance Practices. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 9, pp. 1199-1217. 40. Ruckel, P. J., Scott, S., and Bowering, R. (1980). Foamed-Asphalt Paving Mixtures: Preparation of Design Mixes and Treatment of Test Specimens. Transportation Research Record, No. 911, pp. 88–95. 41. Sebaaly, P. E., Bazi, G., Hitti, E., Weitzel, D., and Bemanian, S. (2004). Performance of Cold In-Place Recycling in Nevada. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1896, pp. 162–169. 42. Thanaya, I., Zoorob, S., and Forth, J. (2009). A Laboratory Study on Cold-Mix, Cold-Lay Emulsion Mixtures. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Transport, Vol. 162, No. TR1, 47–55. 43. Wirtgen. (2012). Wirtgen Cold Recycling Technology. Wirtgen Group 1st Edition. 44. Yeung, E., and Braham, A. (2018). Evaluation and Compaction of Laboratory-Produced Recycled Asphalt Pavement in Cold In-Place Recycling. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements, 144(3): 04018027.

48 45. Zhou, Q., Al-Qadi, I., Ozer, H., and Diefenderfer, B. (2020). Pavement Recycling: A Case Study of Life-Cycle Assessment and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis. International Symposium on Pavement, Roadway, and Bridge Life Cycle Assessment 2020, Davis, CA, pp. 404–411.