Curing Practices for Concrete Pavements (2023)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

72 Survey Questionnaire Responses A P P E N D I X B Appendix B summarizes individual state DOT responses to the questionnaire shown in Appendix A in a tabular format. Individual state DOTs are identified by their usual state abbreviations. Alabama – AL Idaho – ID Minnesota – MN North Dakota – ND Vermont – VT Alaska – AK Illinois – IL Mississippi – MS Ohio – OH Virginia – VA Arkansas – AR Indiana – IN Missouri – MO Oklahoma – OK Washington – WA Arizona – AZ Iowa – IA Montana – MT Oregon – OR Wisconsin – WI California – CA Kansas – KS Nebraska – NE Pennsylvania – PA West Virginia – WV Colorado – CO Kentucky – KY Nevada – NV Rhode Island – RI Wyoming – WY Connecticut – CT Louisiana – LA New Hampshire – NH South Carolina – SC Delaware – DE Maine – ME New Jersey – NJ South Dakota – SD Florida – FL Maryland – MD New Mexico – NM Tennessee – TN Georgia – GE Massachusetts – MA New York – NY Texas – TX Hawaii – HI Michigan – MI North Carolina – NC Utah – UT Q1) Please enter Name: _____________________________ Title: ________________________________ Email: _____________________________ Phone: _____________________________ State DOT: ___________________________ * Filled by respondents

Survey Questionnaire Responses 73 Q2) How many lane miles of concrete pavements does your agency maintain? ( ) 0 ( ) 1 – 99 ( ) 100 – 999 ( ) 1,000 – 4,999 ( ) 5,000 – 9,999 ( ) 10,000 – 14,999 ( ) 15,000 – 19,999 ( ) 20,000+ NR 0 1 to 99 100 - 999 1,000 - 4,999 5,000 - 9,999 10,000 - 14,999 15,000 - 19,999 20,000+ SC, IL, XX*, SD ME MA VA, TN, MT, NV, AL, MS, DE, HI, MD KS, WI, ND, NY, NC, XX, WV, AZ, WA, WY, UT, MO, IN, PA, CO, LA, OR, OK IA, OH, MN, CA TX NE * XX – Response that did not identify the state Q3) How many lane miles of concrete pavements has your agency constructed in the past 15 years? ( ) 0 ( ) 0 to 99 ( ) 100 – 999 ( ) Other) NR 0 1 to 99 100 - 999 Other XX (2)** AZ, SC, IL, SD ME VA, TN, MT, MN, WA, AL, LA, MS, DE, MA KS, WI, ND, NY, NC, NV, WV, WY, MO, CA, OH, PA, CO, OR, HI, OK, NE TX, IA, UT, IN ** 2 states not identified in the responses Q4) How many lane miles of concrete pavements does your agency plan to construct in the next 5 years? ( ) 0 ( ) 0 to 99 Other (Please specify in the box below)

74 Curing Practices for Concrete Pavements NR 0 1 to 99 Other ME, XX, AZ, SC, IL, XX, SD, HI, MA, OH, MS KS, WI, ND, MT, NY, NC, NV, WV, MN, WA, WY, UT, AL, MO, CO, LA, DE, OR, OK, NE VA, TX, TN, IA, CA, IN, PA, MA Q5) Does your agency have specification/special provisions for curing of concrete pavements? Please check all that apply. ( ) Yes, specification ( ) Yes, special provision ( ) No NR Yes, specification Yes, special provision No ME, XX (2), AZ VA, KS, WI, ND, TX, TN, MT, NY, NC, NV, IA, WV, MN, WA, WY, UT, AL, MO, CA, OH, IN, SC, PA, CO, LA, IL, MS, DE, OR, SD, HI, OK, NE, MD WY, IL, SD, HI MA Q6) If yes, please provide a link for your agency specification and/or special provisions for curing. * Detailed information from specifications of responding state DOTs is included in Appendix C Q7) What curing materials does your agency specify or allow for concrete pavement construction? Check all that apply. [ ] ASTM Type I curing compound. [ ] ASTM Type II curing compound. [ ] Polyethylene sheeting. See below [ ] Wet Burlap or BurLene See below [ ] Cotton mats. See below [ ] Water spray, fogging or misting. See below [ ] Evaporation retarders. See below

Survey Questionnaire Responses 75 NR ASTM Type I ASTM Type II Polyethylene sheeting Wet burlap Cotton mats Water spray Evaporation retarders ME, XX (2), AZ VA, KS, TN, WY, CA, PA, DE, OR, MA, MD VA, KS, WI, ND, TX, TN, MT, NY, NC, NV, IA, WV, MN, WA, WY, UT, AL, MO, CA, OH, IN, SC, PA, CO, LA, IL, MS, DE, OR, MA, SD, OK, MD VA, KS, WI, TX, TN, MT, NY, NC, WV, MN, WA, WY, OH, PA, IL, MS, DE, OR, MA, SD, HI, OK, MD KS, ND, TX, TN, MT, NC, WV, WY, AL, MO, OH, PA, LA, IL, DE, OR, MA, SD, HI, OK, MD TX, TN, WV, WY, IL, OR, OK, MD TX, TN, MT, WA, UT, AL, CA, PA, MS, DE, MA, HI KS, TX, WY, DE, MA, HI Q8) Of those curing materials checked above, please list in the box below the combinations that include either a Type I or II curing compound your agency would allow to be used and the criteria, if any, associated with the use of that combination. * See Appendix C – DOT Specifications Q9) Type of curing compound specified or allowed by your agency. Wax based. Water based. Resin based Other (Please list in the box below). NR Wax based Water based Resin based Other ME, KS, TX, TN, MT, NC, NV, IA, WA, VA, KS, TN, MT, NY, NC, KS, WI, TX, TN, MT, NT, NC, MN, WA, WY, WI XX (2), AZ, ND, WV, UT, IL, MA WY, AL, MO, OH, IN, SC, PA, CO, LA, DE, OR, SD, HI, OK, NE, MD WA, AL, MO, CA, PA, MS, DE, OR, SD, HI, MD AL, CA, IN, SC, PA, CO, DE, OR, SD, HI, MD

76 Curing Practices for Concrete Pavements Q10) Please list in the adjacent box the brand or manufacturer for each curing compound checked above. Wax based. Water based. Resin based Other * Responses not included to comply with NCHRP rules do not include products’ brand names. Q11) What pre-qualification and/or standard qualification measures does your agency undertake for approval of a curing product? Please check all that apply. [ ] Certification from AASHTO, National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) [ ] Approved by state DOT product evaluation office [ ] Testing conducted at DOT chemistry/materials laboratory to verify performance [ ] Certification of approval from other State DOTs [ ] Other method (Please list in the box below.) NR NTPEP DOT approved DOT testing Other DOTs Other ME, XX (2), AZ KS, TX, TN, MT, NV, IA, WV, MN, WY, AL, IN, SC, LA, MA, HI NY, NV, MN, WA, WY, OH, PA, CO, LA, MS, HI, MD W, TX, NY, NC, IA, MN, WA, MO, CA, OH, PA, IL, MS, DE, OK, NE, MD MT, PA, DE VA, ND, TN, MN, UT, CA, DE, OR, SD, HI Q12) Does your agency have a process for identifying unacceptable curing products or processes? ( ) Yes ( ) No NR Yes No ME, XX(2), AZ, IL VA, ND, MT, NY, NC, IA, WV, MN, WA, UT, AL, MO, CA, OH, IN, SC, PA, DE, OR, HI, NE, MD KS, WI, TX, TN, NV, WY, CO, LA, MS, MA, SD, OK

Survey Questionnaire Responses 77 Q13) What is (are) the specified rate(s) of application allowed by your agency? Please choose from the following ranges: ( ) One gallon per 50 ft2 - 100 ft2 surface ( ) One gallon per 101 ft2 - 150 ft2 surface ( ) One gallon per 151 ft2 - 200 ft2 surface ( ) Other _____________ NR 1/50-100 sf 1/101-150 sf 1/151-200 sf Other ME, XX (2), AZ, IL, OK NY, AL, HI VA, KS, WI, TX, MT, NY, NC, NV, IA, WV, MN, WA, WY, UT, MO, CA, OH, IN, SC, PA, LA, MS, OR, SD, HI, NE IN, CO, MA ND, TN, DE, MD Q14) Based on your response, what criteria does your agency use to determine the rate of application? ( ) Manufacturer’s recommendation ( ) Laboratory testing results; if checked, then list the testing standard used ( ) Other (Explain)________________________________ NR Manufacturer’s recommendation Lab testing Other ME, XX (2), AZ, PA, CO, IL ND, TN, MT, NV, MN, WA, WY, MO, IN, SC, LA, DE, OK, MD CA VA, KS, WI, TX, NY, NC, IA, WV, UT, AL, OH, MS, OR, MA, SD, HI, NE Q15) What method of application does your agency specify or allow? Please check all those that apply. [ ] Self-propelled mechanical sprayer for slip-formed pavement. [ ] Hand-held sprayer for slip-formed pavement. [ ] Self-propelled mechanical sprayer for side-formed pavement. [ ] Hand-held sprayer for side-formed pavement. [ ] Hand-held sprayer for odd paving widths and shapes. [ ] Hand-held sprayer for after form removal and/or sawed joints.

78 Curing Practices for Concrete Pavements NR Mech/Slip- formed Hand held /Slip- Formed Mech/Side- Formed HH/Side- formed HH for Odd shapes HH after form removal ME, XX (2), AZ, IL, OR VA, KS, WI, ND, TX, TN, MT, NY, NC, WY WA, NV, IA, WV, MN, UT, AL, MO, CA, OH, IN, SC, PA, CO, LA, MS, DE, MA, SD, HI, OK, NE, MD KS, WI, NY, NV, AL, OH, SC, DE, MA, SD, HI, OK, MD VA, KS, WI, TX, TN, MT, NY, NV, WV, MN, WA, WY, AL, MO, OH, SC, MS, DE, MA, HI, OK KS, WI, NY, NV, IA, WA, WY, AL, MO, CA, OH, PA, DE, MA. HI, OK KS, ND, WI, TX, TN, NY, NV, IA, WV, MN, WY, UT, AL, MO, OH, IN, LA, MS, MA, SD, HI, OK KS, WI, TN, NY, NV, MN, WA, AL, OH, IN, PA, LA, MA, SD, HI, OK Q16) How the criteria for the time of curing established? Please check all that apply. [ ] By agency specification. [ ] By the Engineer’s judgement. [ ] By the Contractor’s judgement. [ ] None NR Agency specification Engineer’s judgement Contractor’s judgement None ME, AZ, IL VA, KS, WI, ND, TN, MT, NY, NC, NV, IA, WV, MN, WA, WY, UT, AL, MO, CA, SC, PA, CO, LA, MS, OR, MA, HI, NE, MD DE, SD WI, TX, OH, DE, SD, OK IN Q17) What factors/data is (are) used by the criteria? Please check all that apply [ ] Data from embedded sensors (e.g., maturity meter). If so, list the type of sensors [ ] Data from handheld sensing device(s). If so, list the device(s) [ ] Weather condition data. If so, list the type of weather data [ ] Visual observation data (disappearance of sheen from the concrete surface). [ ] Other test method data? Please specify in the box below [ ] None

Survey Questionnaire Responses 79 NR Embedded sensors Hand held sensing Weather data Visual Other None ME, XX (2), AZ, IL DE DE TN, PA, DE WI, ND, TX, TN, MT, NY, NC, NV, MN, WA, MO, CA, OH, PA, DE, SD, HI, OK, MD VA, KS, IA, WV, WY, UT, CA, DE, MA AL, IN, SC, CO, LA, MS, OR, NE Q18) What qualification measures/testing does your agency undertake to verify the proper application rate, quality of spraying and applicators’ proficiency? Please check those that apply. [ ] Use of a calibration template on pavement surface [ ] Curing bridge calibration (e.g., speed of travel) [ ] Other (i.e., curing of a pavement test strip). Please list in the box below items such as degree of uniformity, proper dosage rate, etc. NR Calibration template Curing bridge calibration Other ME. NC, XX(2), AZ, IN, CO, LA, IL, MS, OR, OK NE KS, WV, MO VA, WI, ND, TX, TN, MT, NY, NV, IA, MN, WA, WY, UT, AL, CA, OH, SC, PA, DE, MA, SD, HI, MD Q19) What QC measures are allowed to ensure uniformity of curing application? Please check all that apply. [ ] Visual inspection for any spots or bands of gray. [ ] Inventory of the amount of curing material used. [ ] Scheduled cleaning/inspection of spray nozzles. [ ] Application rate measurements. [ ] Other (Please list in the box below) ______________________ [ ] None NR Visual inspection Inventory Scheduled cleaning App. rate measurements Other None ME, XX(2), AZ, VA, KS, WI, ND, TX, TN, MT, NY, NV, KS, WI, TN, MT, NV, IA, KS, IA, WV TN, WV, WA, UT, AL, CA, OH, NE DE, MA, SD, HI NC IL, OR, OK IA, WV, MN, WA, WY, UT, MO, CA, OH, IN, SC, PA, CO, LA, MS, NE, MD WV, MN, UT, MO, CA, OH, PA, LA

80 Curing Practices for Concrete Pavements Q20) What QC/QA requirements are specified for curing? [ ] Volatile organic compound (VOC) validation. [ ] Verification of full coverage on flat and vertical surfaces. [ ] Visual/photographic inspection for whiteness. [ ] Other (Please specify in the box below) ______________________ [ ] None. NR VOC Verification of coverage Visual Other None ME, XX(2), AZ, IN, SC, IL WY, OH KS, WI, TN, NY, NV, IA, WV, MN, UT, AL, MO, CA, OH, PA, LA, DE, HI WI, TN, MT, NY, IA, WV, MN, WY, UT, AL, OH, PA, CO, DE WA, CA, OR, MA, SD VA, ND, TX, NC, MS, OK, MD, NE Q21) What software does your agency use for curing QA/QC? Please check all that apply. [ ] HIPERPAV. [ ] Customized Excel spreadsheet [ ] Other software (Please explain in the box below) _______________________ [ ] None. NR HIPERPAV Excel Other None ME, XX(2), AZ, IL KS, NV, CA IA, DE OH VA, WI, ND, TX, TN, MT, NY, NC, WV, MN, WA, WY, UT, AL, MO, IN, SC, PA, CO, LA, MS, OR, MA, SD, HI, OK, NE, MD Q22) What sensors are used by your agency to monitor curing quality? Please check all that apply [ ] Wind meters. [ ] Strain gauge sensors. [ ] TDR's (Time Domain Reflectometer). [ ] Relative humidity sensors. [ ] Temperature gauges or meters. [ ] Other (Please explain in the box below) _____________________________ [ ] None.

Survey Questionnaire Responses 81 NR Wind meters Strain gauges TDR RH sensors Temp gauges Other None ME, XX(2), AZ, IL WY, UT, DE WY, UT, DE MT, NV, WY, UT, DE CA, DE, MA VA, KS, WI, ND, TX, TN, NY, NC, IA, WV, MN, WA, AL, MO, OH, IN, SC, PA, CO, LA, MS, OR, SD, HI, OK, NE, MD Q23) How does your agency address early-aged uncontrolled cracking. [ ] Investigate causes. (if checked, please see Q.24) [ ] Leave slab in place. (if checked, please see Q.24) [ ] Remove and replace slab, (if checked, please see Q.24) [ ] Other (Please explain in the box below.) ____________________________ [ ] None NR Investigate causes Leave in place Remove & replace Other None ME, XX(2), AZ, IL, MA VA, KS, TX, MT, NY, NC, NV, IA, MN, WA, WY, MO, CA, OH, PA, LA, MS, DE, OR, HI, OK, NE KS, TX, TN, NY, NC, IA, MN, WY, MO, CA, PA, MS, DE, OR, HI, OK, NE KS, WI, ND, TX, NY, NC, NV, IA, WV, MN, WA, WY, UT, AL, CA, OH, IN, SC, PA, CO, LA, DE, SD, HI, OK, NE Q24) For any of the first three checked in Q23, please list in the adjacent box the associated criteria. [ ] Investigate causes. Is it an isolated case or continuous occurrence? [ ] Leave slab in place; With or without a penalty; repair (please list the nature of the repair, e.g., rout and seal the crack), and/or require a new QC plan [ ] Remove and replace slab: Please explain any additional measures required such as require a new QC plan. * No Responses received to this Question

82 Curing Practices for Concrete Pavements Q25) What criteria does your agency use to define acceptable weather conditions for paving cured concrete? Check and respond to all that apply. [ ] Temperature (say, greater than 40oF and less than 90oF)? [ ] Relative humidity (>20%) [ ] Wind speed (<40 mph) [ ] Chance of rain or snow (<60%) [ ] Use ACI 308 evaporation limit criteria. [ ] Other (Please explain in the box below.) ________________________ NR Temp (>40oF <90oF) RH (>20%) WS (<40 mph) Rain or snow (<60%) ACI Evap Limits Other ME, XX (2), AZ, IL, CO, SD VA, KS, WI, ND, TX, TN, MT, NY, NC, NV, WV, WY, UT, AL, MO, IN, SC, PA, LA, DE, OR, MD TN, WY, UT, DE, MD TN, NV, WY, UT, DE, MD WI, TN, NY, NC, NV, WY, UT, DE, MD TN, DE IA, MN, WA, CA, OH, MS, MA, HI, OK, NE Q26) What criteria does your agency use to define adverse weather conditions for paving? Please check/respond to all that apply. [ ] Temperature (>90oF or <40oF). [ ] Relative humidity (< 20%). [ ] Wind speed (>40mph). [ ] Chance of rain or snow (>80%). [ ] Use ACI 308 evaporation limit criteria. [ ] Other (Please explain in box below) ________________________ NR Temp (> 90oF <40oF) RH (<20%) WS (> 40 mph) Rain or snow (> 80%) ACI evap. limits Other ME, XX (2), AZ, IL, SD, HI, OK VA, WI, ND, TX, TN, MT, NY, NC, NV, WV, WY, UT, AL, MO, OH, IN, SC, PA, CO, LA, MS, DE, OR, MD TN, WY, UT, DE, MD TN, WY, UT, DE, MD WI, TN, NY, NC, WY, UT, OH, DE, NE, MD TN, PA, DE KS, IA, MN, WA, CA, MA

Survey Questionnaire Responses 83 Q27) What additional curing measures does your agency consider when paving under adverse weather conditions? Please check all that apply. For each one checked, list the associated criteria noted in Q19 [ ] Cover the pavement with protective sheeting. [ ] Set up vertical barrier to lessen impact of high wind. [ ] Increase application rate in hot, dry and high wind conditions. [ ] Halt paving operations. [ ] Use curing blankets to cover the curing compound when anticipating very cold temperatures. [ ] In hot weather switch to nighttime paving. [ ] Use evaporation retarders in very dry warm weather to prevent evaporation prior to curing. [ ] Chance of rain or snow; (if checked, list the % chance and the measures to protect freshly placed concrete). [ ] Please add additional clarifications in the box below ________________________ NR Cover Pavement Vert Barrier Increase AR Halt Paving Use Blankets Night time Evap. Retarder Rain or Snow ME, XX (2), AZ, IL, WA, UT, CA, LA, OR, VA, KS, WI, ND, TN, MT, NY, NC, WV, MN, WY, AL, OH, PA, DE, SD, NE, MD TX, TN, PA, DE ND, NY, MN, WY, DE KS, WI, TX, TN, MT, NY, NC, NV, WV, MN, WY, VA. KS, WI, ND, TN, MT, NC, NV, IA, WV, MN, WY, MO, OH, PA, CO, MS, DE, KS, ND, TX, TN, MT, NC, NV, AL, MO, OH, PA, MS, HI, MD KS, TX, WY, AL, MO, DE, HI VA MA, OK MO, OH, IN, SC, PA, DE, HI, NE, MD SD, NE, MD Q28) Has your agency incorporated internal curing in concrete pavement construction? ( ) Yes (please see Q29) ( ) No (please see Q30)

84 Curing Practices for Concrete Pavements NR Yes No ME, XX (2), AZ, IL, CO KS, TX VA, WI, ND, TN, MT, NY, NC, NV, IA, WV, MN, WA, WY, UT, AL, MO, CA, OH, IN, SC, PA, LA, MS, DE, OR, MA, SD, HI, OK, NE, MD Q29) Please list in the box below projects that incorporated internal curing. *No Responses Q30) Please list in box below any projects that could be a candidate for a case study on curing. *No Responses Q31) Does your agency specify curing for high early strength (HES) concrete for replacement slabs or repair patches in concrete pavement rehabilitation projects requiring short lane closures? ( ) Yes ( ) No NR Yes No ME, XX(2), AZ, IL, CO VA, KS, WI, ND, TX, TN, NY, NC, IA, MN, WA, WY, UT, AL, MO, CA, IN, SC, PA, LA, MS, DE, OR, MA, HI SD, OK, NE, MD MT, NV, WV, OH Q32) What curing method does your agency specify for HES concrete for short lane closures? Please check all answers apply. [ ] Type I curing compound [ ] Type II curing compound [ ] Curing blankets [ ] Wet Burlap [ ] Please add additional clarifications in the box below NR Type I Type II Blanket Wet Burlap ME, XX (2), AZ, IL, MT, NV, WV, UT, OH, CO KS, TN, WA, WY, PA, DE, MA, OK KS, WI, ND, TX, TN, NY, MN, WA, WY, AL, MO, CA, IN, PA, LA, MS, DE, MA, SD, OK, NE VA, KS, WI, TX, NY, IA, AL, MO, SC, PA, DE, OR, MA, SD, OK, MD VA, KS, TX, NC, IA, PA, MA, HI, OK, MD