The Coast Guard’s Next Decade: An Assessment of Emerging Challenges and Statutory Needs (2023)

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171 Cary Coglianese (Chair) is the Edward B. Shils Professor of Law and a professor of political science at the University of Pennsylvania. He currently serves as the founding director of the Penn Program on Regulation and previously served as the deputy dean for academic affairs at the University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School. He specializes in the study of admin- istrative law and regulatory processes, with an emphasis on the empirical evaluation of alternative processes and strategies and the role of public participation, technology, and business–government relations in policy making. From 1994 to 2006, he served as a faculty member at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government, where he founded and chaired the Regulatory Policy Program and was an affiliated scholar at the Harvard Law School. He also served as a visiting law professor at Stanford University and Vanderbilt University. He currently serves as the co-chair of the regulatory policy committee of the American Bar Association’s section on administrative law and is a senior fellow with the Administrative Con- ference of the United States, where he previously served as a public member and the chair of its committee on rulemaking. He has served as a member of the Transportation Research Board’s (TRB’s) Committee for a Study of Performance-Based Safety Regulation, as well as the TRB’s Committee for the Review and Update of the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforce- ment’s Offshore Oil and Gas Operations Inspection Program. He has pub- lished several books, including Achieving Regulatory Excellence, Import Safety: Regulatory Governance in the Global Economy and Leveraging the Private Sector: Management-Based Strategies for Improving Environmental Performance. He has also published numerous articles on climate change Appendix A Study Committee Biographical Information

172 THE COAST GUARD’S NEXT DECADE policy, public participation and transparency in federal rulemaking, the use of artificial intelligence by government agencies, and voluntary environ- mental programs. He holds a Ph.D. in political science, a master’s degree in public policy, and a J.D. from the University of Michigan. Thad W. Allen retired from the U.S. Coast Guard in 2010 as the Coast Guard’s 23rd commandant. Prior to his service as commandant, he served as Coast Guard Chief of Staff, the Atlantic Area commander, and com- mander of the Coast Guard’s Seventh District. In 2010, he was selected to serve as the national incident commander for the response to the Deepwa- ter Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. After retiring from the Coast Guard, he was the executive vice president and formerly the senior execu- tive advisor at Booz Allen Hamilton. He has served on several National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine committees, including as a member of the Response and Resilient Recovery Strategic Science Initiative Executive Council, as the co-chair of the Committee on Measur- ing Community Resilience, as a member of the National Academies’ Divi- sion on Earth and Life Studies’ Division Committee, and as an ex-officio member of the Transportation Research Board’s Executive Committee. He also served as the Distinguished Leadership Chair of the U.S. Coast Guard Academy from 2014 to 2021. He is a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration. He is a graduate of the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. He holds a master’s degree in public administration from The George Washington University and a master’s degree in management from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management. He has also been awarded several honorary doctorates, including an honorary doctorate of science from the National Graduate School. James-Christian B. Blockwood is the executive vice president of the Part- nership for Public Service. In this capacity, he assists with the overall strategy and management of the organization and directly oversees its pro- grams dedicated to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the federal government. In addition, he currently serves as an adjunct professor for the Maxwell-in-Washington Program at the Syracuse University Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. He is a former career member of the Senior Executive Service and has helped transform and build new capabilities in federal agencies across the U.S. government. Previously, he served as a managing director at the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), where he helped to establish the GAO Center for Audit Excellence and Center for Strategic Foresight. He was also a director in the Office of Policy and Planning at the U.S. Department of Veterans Af- fairs, a deputy director in the Office of International Affairs at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and an intelligence officer at the U.S.

APPENDIX A 173 Department of Defense (DOD). He provided combat support to the DOD while deployed overseas. He is a fellow of the National Academy of Pub- lic Administration, a term member at the Council on Foreign Relations, a presidential leadership scholar, and a millennium leadership fellow at the Atlantic Council. He earned a bachelor’s degree in international rela- tions from Tufts University, an M.B.A. from Johns Hopkins University, a master’s degree in government from Johns Hopkins University, and a master’s degree in strategic intelligence from the National Defense Intel- ligence College. Annie Brett is an assistant professor at the University of Florida’s Levin Col- lege of Law, where she teaches and writes in ocean and coastal law and the intersection of law and science. Her scholarship focuses on how emerging technologies are regulated in the oceans, and how emerging technologies can be used to better inform environmental management. Prior to joining the University of Florida’s Levin College of Law, she worked on interna- tional ocean policy for Stanford University Center for Ocean Solutions and the World Economic Forum. She has published in leading scientific outlets, including Nature, and presented in national and international policy fo- rums, including the High-Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy hosted by the World Resources Institute. She previously served as a member of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Com- mittee on the Cross-Cutting Themes for U.S. Contributions to the Ocean Decade. She is an accomplished mariner and previously worked as a cap- tain on board large sailing expedition vessels. Brett received her bachelor’s degree from Harvard University and a J.D. and Ph.D. from the University of Miami. Sally Brice-O’Hara retired as vice admiral in 2012 from a distinguished 37-year Coast Guard career. In her final assignment as the 27th vice com- mandant, she was second in command, chief operating officer, and com- ponent acquisition executive of the Coast Guard. Through a wide variety of duties in diverse locations, including Alaska and Hawaii, she amassed extensive experience and expertise in operations, strategic planning, human resources, federal budgeting, and acquisition. Currently, she is a director on the Board of the Coast Guard Foundation and Special Representative to the U.S. Coast Guard Academy’s Board of Trustees. She serves on the First Command Financial Services’ Military Advisory Board. She co-chaired the Navy Memorial’s “Year of the Military Woman” series of events celebrat- ing and honoring the women of the Sea Services. She recently completed 6 years on the U.S. Naval Institute’s Board of Directors. She earned a bachelor’s degree in sociology from Goucher College, a master’s degree in public administration from Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of

174 THE COAST GUARD’S NEXT DECADE Government, where she was named a Littauer Fellow, and a master’s degree in national security strategy from the National War College. Martha R. Grabowski is the McDevitt Distinguished Chair in Information Systems, a professor and the chair of the Management, Leadership & In- formation Systems Department, and the director of the Poland Center for Research and Teaching Innovation in the Madden School of Business at Le Moyne College. She is also a senior research scientist in the Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Her research focuses on evaluating technology impacts, including autono- mous systems and uncrewed aerial systems, on individuals, groups, and organizations in safety-critical systems; risk analysis and risk mitigation in large-scale systems; developing and utilizing advanced data analytics and visualizations in complex settings; and studying high-reliability virtual organizations. She holds two patents for novel approaches to integrating complex data analytics, augmented reality, uncrewed aerial systems visu- alizations, and artificial intelligence in safety- and mission-critical systems. She is a member of the American Bureau of Shipping, a member of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy’s Advisory Board, and a member of the City of Syracuse’s Surveillance Technology Task Force. She has chaired five Na- tional Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine committees and served on four others; she twice chaired and served as the vice chair of the Transportation Research Board’s (TRB’s) Marine Board, most recently from 2018 to 2022. She received the W.N. Carey, Jr. Distinguished Service Award from the TRB in 2021. Grabowski is widely published in management, engineering, information systems, safety, and technology journals; she has authored or co-authored 4 books and more than 50 peer-reviewed journal publications. She is a frequent speaker at professional and technology conferences and media events and has consulted with and testified before Congress on topics such as the U.S. tsunami preparedness, the adequacy of U.S. Arctic oil spill response capability, and Coast Guard leadership in the Arctic. She is a licensed former merchant officer and retired lieutenant commander in the U.S. Naval Reserve. She received a bachelor’s degree in marine transportation and nautical science from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, and an M.B.A., a master’s degree in industrial engineering, and a Ph.D. in management and information systems from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Donald Liu (NAE) retired as the executive vice president and the chief technology officer for the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) after a 38-year career. His research and interests have focused on finite element structural applications, ship structural dynamics, hull loading, structural stability, and probabilistic methods of structural analysis. He has been

APPENDIX A 175 an active participant in key national and international organizations that are concerned with ship structures research, development, and design. He served as the ABS representative on the interagency Ship Structures Com- mittee, and member of the Standing Committees of the International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress and the Symposia on Practical Design of Ships and Mobile Units. He served as a member on multiple National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine committees, including the Committee on Oil Pollution Act of 1990 Implementation Review, the Committee on Options for Implementing the Requirement of Best Avail- able and Safest Technologies for Offshore Oil and Gas Operations, the Transportation Research Board’s (TRB’s) Committee on Naval Engineer- ing in the 21st Century, the TRB’s Committee to Revise and Update U.S. Coast Guard Vessel Stability Regulations, and the TRB’s Committee on U.S. Coast Guard Oversight of Recognized Organizations. He has also served as a member of the TRB’s Marine Board. He co-authored the book Strength of Ships and Ocean Structures with the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. He has received numerous awards, including the Sea Trade “Safety at Sea” award in recognition of his role in developing the ABS SafeHull system, the Rear Admiral Halert C. Shepheard Award from the Chamber of Shipping of America in recognition of his achievements in promoting merchant marine safety, and the U.S. Coast Guard Meritorious Public Service Award in recognition of his contributions to marine safety. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2011 and is a fellow of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. He was also the recipient of the David W. Taylor Medal from the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and the Gibbs Brother Medal from the National Academy of Sciences for outstanding contributions in the fields of naval architecture and marine engineering. He received a bachelor’s degree in marine transportation from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, bach- elor’s and master’s degrees in naval architecture and marine engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the University of Arizona. Wen C. Masters is the vice president for Cyber Technologies at the MITRE Corporation, a not-for-profit organization that manages six feder- ally funded research and development centers with a mission to solve prob- lems for a safer world. In this role, she is responsible for driving MITRE’s cybersecurity strategy, champions MITRE’s cybersecurity capabilities, and oversees MITRE’s innovation centers with a team of 1,200 professionals developing innovative technologies that address the nation’s toughest cyber- challenges to deliver capabilities for sponsors and the public. Before join- ing MITRE, she was the deputy director for research at the Georgia Tech Research Institute where she oversaw research in data science, information

176 THE COAST GUARD’S NEXT DECADE science, communications, computational science and engineering, quantum information science, and cybersecurity. Prior to Georgia Tech, she spent more than two decades as a federal government civilian and a member of the Senior Executive Service of America at the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). At the NSF, she served as the lead program director for the Math Priority Area and the managing director for two Mathematical Sciences Institutes. At the ONR, she led the Navy’s Integrated Science and Technology research and development portfolio in applied mathematics, computer science and engineering, in- formation science, communications, machine learning and artificial intel- ligence, electronics, and electrical engineering, as well as their applications for warfighting capabilities and national security. She has received many awards from the Navy for the impact of her work, including the Distin- guished Civilian Service Medal, the highest honorary award given by the Secretary of the Navy. Before her long career in the federal government, she worked at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, where she was responsible for orbit determination for NASA’s deep-space explora- tion missions, including Magellan, Galileo, and Cassini. She is a member of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Naval Studies Board, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Domain Leadership Coalition, and Board of Trustees of the University of California, Los Angeles, Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics. She earned a bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, and Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of California, Irvine. Rodrigo Nieto-Gomez is a research professor at the Center for Homeland Defense and Security and at the National Security Affairs Department of the Naval Postgraduate School. His work focuses on the intersection of innovation and security, safety, and defense policies. In his research, he considers how the government can adapt more effectively to counter the deviant innovation capacities of criminal organizations, and information technology tools to better prepare decision makers when confronted by adversarial innovation. His expertise is in North American geopolitics, including the territory of the continental United States, homeland security and homeland defense, and border security, including coastal protection and Mexico and Canada politics and government. He has published on the adaptation capacities of global organized crime, the public policy challenges of innovation and intrapreneurship in government and homeland security, and asymmetric warfare and cybersecurity. He received a master’s degree in geopolitics from the Institut français de géopolitique of the University of Paris, a J.D. equivalent from the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, and a Ph.D. in geopolitics and homeland security from the University of Paris.

APPENDIX A 177 Sean T. Pribyl is a business attorney and partner in Holland & Knight LLP’s Washington, DC, office, focusing on maritime regulatory compli- ance matters, international trade, civil litigation, criminal defense, energy, and autonomous transportation. He has more than 25 years of combined experience in the transportation sector as a commercial marine operator, federal regulator, international maritime and trade attorney, active-duty military attorney, and federal prosecutor. Most recently, he practiced as an international protection and indemnity club lawyer and senior claims executive while based in Arendal, Norway. From 2010 to 2016, he served as a U.S. Coast Guard officer and judge advocate general (JAG), where he was an attorney-advisor in legal and policy matters related to international and maritime law, national security, major marine casualties, regulatory compliance, cybersecurity, marine environmental crimes, maritime security, the Arctic and Antarctic, and unmanned aircraft and autonomous vessels. While a JAG, he also served as a U.S. Department of Justice special U.S. attorney. Prior to transferring his commission to the Coast Guard, he served for 12 years as a Naval Reserve officer in the Strategic Sealift Command (Merchant Marine Ready Reserve Group) with expertise in sealift, logistics, and port security. He also served as a merchant mariner deck officer aboard oceangoing cargo and fiber-optic cable ships from 2000 to 2007. He is an internationally recognized thought leader on Shipping 4.0 and the use of autonomous vessels and novel technologies in the maritime industry. He is a widely published author and regular speaker at international conferences and seminars on topics related to maritime law and advanced automation in the transportation sector. He served as committee member for the Na- tional Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s consensus study report Leveraging Unmanned Systems for Coast Guard Missions and is a current member of the National Academies’ Marine Board. He also serves as a senior advisor to the World Maritime University–Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute, European Union’s Horizon 2020 funded project Overcom- ing Regulatory Barriers for Service Robotics in an Ocean Industry Context (BUGWRIGHT2) and is a proctor in Admiralty with the U.S. Maritime Law Association. He is a fellow of the Georgetown University Law Center (GULC) Institute of International Economic Law. He holds an M.A. in na- tional security and strategic studies from the U.S. Naval War College, a J.D. from Washburn University School of Law (International and Comparative Law concentration), and a B.Sc. from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy. He is currently pursuing an L.L.M. (part-time) in international business and economic law at GULC. Sandra Stosz retired as vice admiral in 2018 after serving for 36 years in the U.S. Coast Guard. She was assigned as superintendent (president) of the U.S. Coast Guard Academy and, as such, was the first woman to lead one

178 THE COAST GUARD’S NEXT DECADE of the U.S. armed forces service academies. She finished her career as the first woman assigned as deputy commandant for Mission Support, directing one of the Coast Guard’s largest enterprises. She volunteers in leadership roles for several organizations, including as a trustee for the Coast Guard Academy Institute for Leadership, as chair of the Coast Guard Academy Sailing Council, as a member of the editorial board for the Government Technology and Services Coalition, and as a member of the Flag Officer Advisory Council to the president of Arizona State University. She has lectured widely on leadership and has been featured on CSPAN and other media outlets. In 2012, Newsweek’s “The Daily Beast” named her to their list of 150 Women Who Shake the World. She is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and the Surface Navy Association. She is the author of Breaking Ice & Breaking Glass: Leading in Uncharted Waters. She received a bachelor’s degree from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, an M.B.A. from the Kellogg School of Business at Northwestern University, and a master’s degree from the National War College. David W. Titley is the president and the founder of RV Weather, which pro- vides weather and routing services to the recreational vehicle community, and a volunteer for the National Park Service in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Previously, he held the positions of professor of practice in meteorology and professor of international affairs at The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State). He is an expert on climate, the Arctic, and national security, and was the founding director of Penn State’s Center for Solutions to Weather & Climate Risk. He served as a naval officer with the U.S. Navy for 32 years and rose to the rank of rear admiral. During his time with the U.S. Navy, he had several duties, including oceanographer and navigator of the Navy and commander of the Naval Meteorology and Oceanogra- phy Command. While serving at the Pentagon, he initiated and led the U.S. Navy’s Task Force on Climate Change. After retiring from the Navy, he served as the Deputy Undersecretary of Commerce for Operations, the chief operating officer position at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. He serves on numerous advisory boards, including the Center for Climate and Security’s Advisory Board, and is a current member of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate. He has served as a member and the chair on several National Academies’ study committees and was the chair of the National Academies’ Climate Communications Initiative from 2017 to 2022. He has published on a variety of topics, including automated and uncrewed vessels and systems, climate change impacts on the marine envi- ronment, the Marine Transportation System, Arctic security considerations, and space and maritime domain awareness. He received a B.S. in meteorol- ogy from The Pennsylvania State University, an M.S. in meteorology and

APPENDIX A 179 physical oceanography from the Naval Postgraduate School, and a Ph.D. in meteorology from the Naval Postgraduate School. He also received an honorary doctorate degree from the University of Alaska Fairbanks and is a fellow of the American Meteorological Society.