NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20418
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is interim president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and interim vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
This project was supported by the Office of Population, U.S. Agency for International Development.
ISBN 0-309-05626-8
Additional copies of this report are available from
National Academy Press,
2101 Constitution Avenue N.W., Lock Box 285, Washington, DC 20055. 1-800-624-6242 or 202-334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) This report is also available on-line at http://www.nap.edu.
Printed in the United States of America
Copyright 1996 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
COMMITTEE ON POPULATION 1995–1996
RONALD D. LEE (Chair),
Departments of Demography and Economics, University of California, Berkeley
CAROLINE H. BLEDSOE,
Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
JOSE-LUIS BOBADILLA,
World Bank, Washington, D.C.
JOHN BONGAARTS,
The Population Council, New York
JOHN B. CASTERLINE,
The Population Council, New York
LINDA G. MARTIN,
RAND, Santa Monica, California
MARK R. MONTGOMERY,
The Population Council, New York
ROBERT A. MOFFITT,
Department of Economics, Brown University
ANNE R. PEBLEY,
RAND, Santa Monica, California
RONALD R. RINDFUSS,
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
JAMES P. SMITH,
RAND, Santa Monica, California
BETH J. SOLDO,
Department of Demography, Georgetown University
MARTA TIENDA,
Population Research Center, University of Chicago
AMY O. TSUI,
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
JOHN HAAGA, Director
BARNEY COHEN, Program Officer
BARRY EDMONSTON, Senior Program Officer
TRISH DeFRISCO, Senior Project Assistant
KAREN FOOTE, Program Officer
CHERYL MALANICK, Consultant
JOEL ROSENQUIST, Project Assistant
JOYCE WALZ, Administrative Associate
This page in the original is blank. |
WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS
ANNE PEBLEY (Chair),
RAND, Santa Monica, California
SIGRID ANDERSON,
U.S. Agency for International Development
STAN BECKER,
Johns Hopkins University
PETER BERMAN,
Harvard University
JANE BERTRAND,
Tulane University
ROBERT BLACK,
Johns Hopkins University
EDUARD BOS,
World Bank, Washington, D.C.
ANN BROWNLEE,
Wellstart International, San Diego, California
ROBERT BUSH,
Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.
CELESTE CARR,
U.S. Agency for International Development
CONSTANCE CARRINO,
U.S. Agency for International Development
JOHN CASTERLINE,
The Population Council, New York
EUNYONG CHUNG,
U.S. Agency for International Development
PATRICIA COFFEY,
U.S. Agency for International Development
BRUCE COGILL,
International Science and Technology Institute, Arlington, Virginia
DAVID DANIELS,
Overseas Development Administration, London, England
JULIE DAVANZO,
RAND, Santa Monica, California
IAN DIAMOND,
University of Southampton
PETER DONALDSON,
Population Reference Bureau, Washington, D.C.
ROBERT EMORY,
U.S. Agency for International Development
ANDREW FISHER,
The Population Council, New York
DUFF GILLESPIE,
U.S. Agency for International Development
DAVID GUILKEY,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
SUSAN HASSIG,
Family Health International, Arlington, Virginia
ALBERT HERMALIN,
University of Michigan
JOYCE HOLFELD,
U.S. Agency for International Development
MARJORIE HORN,
U.S. Agency for International Development
BARBARA JANOWITZ,
Family Health International, Durham, North Carolina
ECKHARD KLEINAU,
Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival (BASICS), Arlington, Virginia
ROD KNIGHT,
U.S. Agency for International Development
JOHN KNODEL,
University of Michigan
MARGE KOBLINSKY,
John Snow, Inc., Arlington, Virginia
DAWN LIBERI,
U.S. Agency for International Development
MARY LUNG'AHO,
Wellstart International, San Diego, California
MARTIN MAKINEN,
Abt Associates, Bethesda, Maryland
ELIZABETH MAGUIRE,
U.S. Agency for International Development
FAITH MITCHELL,
National Research Council
LEO MORRIS,
Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia
MARGARET NEUSE,
U.S. Agency for International Development
CHLOE O'GARA,
U.S. Agency for International Development
DAVID OOT,
U.S. Agency for International Development
MARK PEARSON,
Overseas Development Administration
BETHANN PLOWMAN,
U.S. Agency for International Development
SCOTT RADLOFF,
U.S. Agency for International Development
RONALD RINDFUSS,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
KARIN RINGHEIM,
U.S. Agency for International Development
JOHN ROSS,
Futures Group International, Glastonbury, Connecticut
JAMES SHELTON,
U.S. Agency for International Development
LAURA SHRESTHA,
World Bank, Washington, D.C.
JOSEPH SPEIDEL,
The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Menlo Park, California
ELLEN STARBIRD,
U.S. Agency for International Development
KATE STEWART,
Macro International, Columbia, Maryland
KRISTA STEWART,
U.S. Agency for International Development
WAYNE STINSON,
University Research Corporation, Bethesda, Maryland
JEREMIAH SULLIVAN,
Macro International, Columbia, Maryland
JACK THOMAS,
U.S. Agency for International Development
JOHN TOMARO,
U.S. Agency for International Development
AMY TSUI,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
MARTIN VAESSEN,
Macro International, Columbia, Maryland
BASIL VARELDZIS,
U.S. Agency for International Development
MICHAEL VLASSOFF,
United Nations Population Fund, New York
RONALD WALDMAN,
Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival (BASICS), Arlington, Virginia
SAMANTHA WHEELER,
The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, New York