Satellite Observations of the Earth's Environment Accelerating the Transition of Research to Operations (2003) / Chapter Skim
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2. The Research-to-Operations Context: Bridging the Valleys of Death and Lost Opportunities
2. The Research-to-Operations Context: Bridging the Valleys of Death and Lost Opportunities
Pages 12-21
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The goal is to strengthen these bridges and their supporting infrastructure, making the transition pathways quicker and more efficient.
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Appendix A presents some of the findings and recommendations from these studies, which are generally consistent and emphasize the importance of improving the technology-transfer process. In addition, they recognize that there is no unique way to effectively transition research results into operations; the process is complex, often i Inconsistent, not formal ized, and consequently depends very much on the individuals in various leadership positions during the process.
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.2 In addition, many of the NASA research satellites and instruments have provided advanced measurement and satellite technologies that contribute to operational monitoring programs and satellite systems at NOAA and DOD. The transition of NASA research and technology capabilities (satellites, instruments, data-assimilation techniques, and scientific understanding)
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Pathways may vary depending on the type of research and the potential application. A complete pathway begins with basic research and ends with operational application of the research results and the generation of 15
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The transition process should involve a "push-pull" dynamic in which research and technology development programs respond to the requirements (pull) of the operational user and the operational system takes advantage of new research results and technologies (push)
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4 promises to be a substantial improvement over the existing approach for demonstration of the use of environmental research data in the U n ited States. TIME SCALES IN THE TRANSITIONING PROCESS Managing multiple and often conflicting time scales for transitions is one of the most difficult pathway challenges.
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At long time scales (5 to 15 years) , the transition process resembles "market development," during which needs and capabilities are poorly known but often evolve rapidly as research proceeds and new ways are discovered to use the research data.
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It takes time to develop the necessary human resources through education and training, so the human resource needs must be anticipated explicitly throughout the process: "Well trained people are, therefore, one of the most important components of the remote sensing technology transfer process" (N RC, 2 001 b)
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The quality of research data sets must be based on calibrated and validated data, as their impact on theories, models, and algorithms may last indefinitely. Because the type of data required for research is generally the same type required for operations, the research data sets will often come from the same sensors used to support operational applications, or from experimental prototypes of future operational TABLE 2.1 Key Differences Between Research and Operational Satellites Approach Issue Research Satellites Operational Satellites Replace on failure?
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At the same time, jointly develop an approach for research data should be made available to operational users to test and evaluate their potential value in operations. The involve ment of operational centers i n the early testi ng and use of research data sets has generating research-quality data sets from next-generation operational satellite sensors.
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