Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles (2011) / Chapter Skim
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requested that the National Academies energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel provide an objective and independent update of the tech- consumed, as opposed to the distance that a vehicle travels nology assessments for fuel economy improvements and on a gallon of fuel, consumers also will be helped by addition incremental costs contained in the 2002 National Research to the label of explicit information that specifies the number Council (NRC) report Effectiveness and Impact of Corporate of gallons typically used by the vehicle to travel 100 miles.
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Although each requires periodic assessments by the NRC of automobile is simply the inverse of the other, fuel consumption is the vehicle fuel economy technologies, including how such tech- fundamental metric by which to judge absolute improvenologies might be used to meet new fuel economy standards. ments in fuel efficiency, because what is important is gallons Follow-on NRC committees will be responsible for respond- of fuel saved in the vehicle fleet.
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NR C 2009 Costs Incremental Values - A preceding technology must be included Technologies SUMMARY I4 V6 V8 AVG w/1.5 AVG w/1.5 AVG w/1.5 Low High AVG Low High AVG Low High AVG RPE RPE RPE Spark Ignition Techs Abbreviation Low Friction Lubricants LUB 4 4 3 5 3 5 3 5 4 6 6 6 Engine Friction Reduction EFR 48 78 64 104 42 63 63 94.5 84 126 32.0 52.0 VVT- Coupled Cam Phasing (CCP) , SOHC CCP 35 70 70 35 52.5 70 105 70 105 Discrete Variable Valve Lift (DVVL)
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forward, but further study is needed to assess to what degree Available cost estimates are based on a variety of sources: the new test procedures can fully characterize changes in in component cost estimates obtained from suppliers, discususe vehicle fuel consumption. sions with experts at automobile manufacturers and suppliRecommendation: The NHTSA and the EPA should review ers, publicly available transaction prices, and comparisons of the prices of similar vehicles with and without a particular and revise fuel economy test procedures so that they better technology.
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engines are expected to continue to be cent with a continuously variable valve lift and timing setup. the primary source of propulsion for light-duty vehicles in The incremental RPE increase for valve-event modulation the United States over the time frame of this report.
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Relatively minor changes that do not involve of hybridization can vary from minor stop-start systems reengineering the vehicle or that require recertification for with low incremental costs and modest reductions in fuel fuel economy, emissions, and/or safety can be implemented consumption to complete vehicle redesign and downsizing within a 2- to 4-year time frame. These changes could inof the SI gasoline engine at a high incremental cost but with clude minor reductions in mass (achieved by substitution of significant reductions in fuel consumption.
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recommends an alternate approach that uses FSS to better The validity of FSS modeling depends on the accuracy of assess the contributory effects of the technologies applied representations of system components. Expert judgment is in the reduction of energy losses and to better couple the also required at many points and is critical to obtaining ac- modeling of fuel economy technologies to the testing of such curate results.
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Future NRC committees vehicles are subjected to a battery of vehicle, engine, and will be responsible for periodic assessments of the cost and transmission tests in sufficient detail to understand how each benefits of technologies that reduce vehicle fuel consumpcandidate technology is applied and how they contribute to tion, including how such technologies might be used to meet the overall performance and fuel consumption of light-duty new fuel economy standards.
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