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Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests (1989) / Chapter Skim
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Bioindicators in Air Pollution Research - Applications and Constraints
Pages 73-80

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 73...
... Environmental Protection Agency 200 SW 35th Street Corvallis, OR 97333 ABSTRACT Physical and chemical measurements of air pollutants provide a precise measure of pollutant exposure which is frequently used to estimate probable biological impacts. In contrast, a biological response to the exposure indicates if the exposure had a biological effect.
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From page 74...
... Biological methods that include bioindicators show the presence or absence of the stress and biomonitors which attempt to provide additional information about the intensity of the stress (Arndt et al., 1987; Guderian et al., 1985, Knabe, 1982~. In contrast to physical/chemical methods, a biological response cannot provide a precise measure of exposure.
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From page 75...
... A classification of biological methods used in air pollution studies.
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From page 76...
... Plant Biomass Growth/yield Tree-ring analysis Tissue Analysis Metabolite pools Pollutant concentrations Morphological Responses I Plant Water Relations Foliar symptoms ~ Transpiration Cellular/ultrastructural changes ~ Water potential and its components Membrane permeability Physiological Responses Photosynthesis Respiration Stable isotope ratios Bark Turbidity Enzyme Activity Plant Pigments Because plants and ecosystems function across a wide range of scales of time and space, a diverse array of responses ranging from cellular processes (i.e., photosynthesis) to ecosystem responses (i.e., community changes)
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From page 77...
... species/genotypes or the availability of air monitoring data displaying elevated concentrations of the suspected air pollutant in the proper temporal sequence, are required. Elevated tissue concentrations of various elements has been extensively used to establish the presence of various air pollutants (Arndt et al., 1987~.
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From page 78...
... Tissue concentrations of various materials have been used as both passive and active bioindicators to map the concentrations of fluoride and various metals around pollution sources (e.g., Arndt et al., 1987; Tingey et al., 1979~. Once the concentration zones are mapped, then other biological responses, such as increased peroxidase activity, can be associated with various levels of the toxicant (Keller and Schwager, 1971~.
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From page 79...
... A bioindicator should produce distinctive symptoms that are not readily confused with mimicking symptoms produced by other environmental stresses. Both biological response and physical/chemical monitoring data are required for an environmental assessment program.
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From page 80...
... Linzon. Air Pollution Control Association, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Key Terms

  • biological methods
  • biological response
  • air pollutant
  • tissue concentrations
  • foliar symptoms

  • readily confused
  • foliar injury
  • pollutant exposure
  • tissue levels
  • air pollutantts

  • tissue enrichment
  • precise measure
  • environmental assessment
  • modifying factors
  • monitoring data

  • readily detectable
  • biological responses
  • plants exposed
  • plant species
  • control biological

  • additional data
  • pollution studies
  • mimicking symptoms
  • suspected air
  • low concentrations

  • probable air
  • plants absorb
  • plants methods
  • eleven plant
  • untested species


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