The National Academies Press

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Pages 76-108

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From page 76... ... 76 ACC Technology Twenty-first century technology, which is at the heart of virtually all airport operations, in almost every instance, either produces communication as a byproduct of its core function or has been developed specifically as a communications tool. Similarly, technology is the fundamental tool in an ACC. Read the entire page →
From page 77... ... ACC Technology 77 All of the best practices in developing a technology application should be applied to the ACC as a whole. These include the following: • Developing a functional requirements document (FRD) Read the entire page →
From page 78... ... 78 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers first responders; and the Internet, which may be used for remote access to network resources and workgroup messaging. Figure 7-2 illustrates the functions which the ACC should be capable of delivering and the user groups that need them. Read the entire page →
From page 79... ... ACC Technology 79 protocols. Identifying what information is required by each party and how to best provide for information sharing (including identification and authorization) Read the entire page →
From page 80... ... 80 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers more closely on specific systems, rather than being a "generic" operator working on many systems at once. Staff should still be cross-trained to be able to use all systems that may be required in the event of role change or emergency. Read the entire page →
From page 81... ... ACC Technology 81 • Include technology experts, internal or external, as an essential part of the design team in addition to architects and engineers and engage them early in the design process. • Upgrade, if necessary, networked communications systems in order to transmit information rapidly, reliably, and securely with redundancies for analysis and action, especially with regard to alert and alarm information. Read the entire page →
From page 82... ... 82 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers organized to illustrate how the system operates, how its components interact, and the expected business benefit for each application in the environment. An ACC system architecture will comprise several system components, including legacy systems and new systems that will work in concert to create a system in itself. Read the entire page →
From page 83... ... ACC Technology 83 • Is the data contained within the legacy application of sufficient quality that, if incorporated into the ACC, it will provide ACC personnel with accurate, timely, and relevant information? • Is the application slated for replacement in the near future due to obsolescence? Read the entire page →
From page 84... ... 84 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers include IP telephony configuration for the user airlines and may extend to visual display units and other airline signage systems. With CUPPS, virtually all of an airport's interactions with an airline can be managed centrally from the ACC. Read the entire page →
From page 85... ... ACC Technology 85 • Parking Systems. Although it is unlikely that an ACC will manage a parking operation, having insight about parking availability, lane control issues (e.g., backups on entry or departure) Read the entire page →
From page 86... ... 86 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers should maintain a sufficient number of analog phones in the event the network suffers a major outage. 7.6.6 Airport Safety and Security Systems Perhaps the most common applications found in an ACC are those dealing with security and public safety. Read the entire page →
From page 87... ... ACC Technology 87 is not difficult. If the ACC also contains a security operations center (SOC) Read the entire page →
From page 88... ... 88 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers For example, initiation of a partial or full terminal evacuation, if it does not happen on site via a fire command center, would be initiated to trigger the fire alarm system visual strobes, voice evacuation announcement (through fire alarm or paging, depending on the locality) , textual messages through digital signage and television systems. Read the entire page →
From page 89... ... ACC Technology 89 7.6.10 Building Management Systems (BMS) Building management is a key component of intelligent building design, where several subsystems tightly integrate so that they can operate with much greater efficiency, anticipating changes in weather and adjusting for the number of people in a given location, and so forth. Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... 90 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers to determine the effect on terminal business. Increasingly, GIS is used to depict the airport environment in 3-dimensional images. Read the entire page →
From page 91... ... ACC Technology 91 given network segment during a specific period. The advent of reliable, secure Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) Read the entire page →
From page 92... ... 92 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) /Wide Area Network (WAN) Read the entire page →
From page 93... ... ACC Technology 93 obsolescence of core equipment. A scalable network can handle the addition of users, network nodes, and sites, as well as new applications with increased bandwidth needs. Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... 94 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers The network should be sized to have enough excess operating capacity to maintain the initial operating traffic parameters (to be determined) and accommodate sustained peak loads during download/upload of information without effect on operational response times. Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... ACC Technology 95 7.8.1 Proper Work Surface Setup • The work surface should be installed/adjusted to be approximately 25″ to 34″ high for seated work and to fit a range of operator sizes (ensure that adjustments can be made easily) Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... 96 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers 7.9 Managing ACC Video Output There are many ways to display information in an ACC, and all available options should be evaluated for the particular requirements of the ACC during the design phase of the project. Depending on the physical size and layout, the ACC may have a video wall, separate video display screens arrayed throughout the facility, video monitors on each workstation (in some cases multiple monitors) Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... ACC Technology 97 7.9.2 Video Walls Although some ACCs may choose to use large wall-mounted displays, the trend is to use a video wall. A video wall consists of multiple panels arranged according to the dimensions of the ACC and associated viewing distances. Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... 98 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers • Whether the ACC has a video wall or LCDs scattered around the space, the ACC will need a control system to feed imagery to the displays. Ideally, the video control system will be able to display video from various sources, including – Video feeds from the video management system. Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... ACC Technology 99 the potential to include broadband access (at least on the cable feed) , which would be routed differently from the telephone lines into the ACC, should be examined. Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... 100 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers Figure 7-3. Integrated communications for airport security system. Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... ACC Technology 101 some form of notification to a call taker and/or dispatcher. This notification may be a telephone call via 911 from any telephone on the airport, from the security system indicating a perimeter breach, a fire alarm from any building on airport, or from airport operations. Read the entire page →
From page 102... ... 102 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers Airports that operate preferential or exclusive use gates may also benefit from placing airport operations in the ACC, though interaction with the airline will be far less routine. 7.11.3 Facilities Management Facilities management/maintenance is a likely candidate for inclusion in an ACC because so much of the daily activity in an airport is either conducted by the facility group or their actions affect other airport operations. Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... ACC Technology 103 In addition to monitoring internal and external networks, NOCs can monitor social networks to get an early awareness of disruptive events. Like an ACC, large NOCs are designed with several rows of desks facing a video wall that shows details of general network performance, alarms, and outages. Read the entire page →
From page 104... ... 104 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers video feeds to provide ACC operators with a clear picture of the location and the incident. By combining these resources into an information-rich incident package, operators have the best possible view of the event, which helps them assess what is happening and respond faster and more effectively. Read the entire page →
From page 105... ... ACC Technology 105 of security possible. Section 8.7 of this Guidebook discusses creating a Facility Security Plan focused on the security of the ACC's physical presence. Read the entire page →
From page 106... ... 106 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers Modern operating systems contain some countermeasures for cyber threats running at elevated privilege levels, including requiring that digital signatures on software must be checked before the software is loaded for execution. Cyber-attack authors subvert this countermeasure by obtaining (most likely through physical exploitation) Read the entire page →
From page 107... ... ACC Technology 107 cycle. Including a subsystem may require reassessment of the security risks to an airport's IT network using the designated controls -- this is a continuing process driven by the need to cope with evolving threats. Read the entire page →
From page 108... ... 108 Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers • FOIA Requirements. As with record retention requirements, FOIA requirements may be imposed through state and local laws that require the airport operator to make certain data that is not governed by exemptions accessible. Read the entire page →

From page 76...

... 76 ACC Technology Twenty-first century technology, which is at the heart of virtually all airport operations, in almost every instance, either produces communication as a byproduct of its core function or has been developed specifically as a communications tool. Similarly, technology is the fundamental tool in an ACC.