Racial Equity, Black America, and Public Transportation, Volume 1: A Review of Economic, Health, and Social Impacts (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 8-15
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8 The United States and other countries in the global West have a complex transportation-planning origin story that is deeply rooted to colonial history and slave trade. This legacy of racism and inequity in the United States has led to decades of housing discrimination both caused and supported by transportation-investment priorities.
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Economic Causes and Impacts 9 the United States. Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.
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10 Racial Equity, Black America, and Public Transportation (Michney and Winling 2020) by virtue of the presence of Black people.
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Economic Causes and Impacts 11 suburban values resulting from federal housing policy (Hanchett 2000)
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12 Racial Equity, Black America, and Public Transportation relegating its Black ridership to bus services that do not meet the rate of demand (Spieler 2020)
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Economic Causes and Impacts 13 Beavercreek was 3% Black. The claimants successfully argued that Beavercreek violated Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and ultimately the bus stops were installed.
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14 Racial Equity, Black America, and Public Transportation employment outcomes because of the combination of job suburbanization and housing discrimination. This phenomenon came to be known as the "spatial mismatch hypothesis." To test his theory, Kain examined Chicago and Detroit, both of which had substantial concentrations of Black residents in the central city and had experienced marked suburbanization post World War II.
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Economic Causes and Impacts 15 the extreme periphery of the region, accessibility declines substantially. In general, the distance between Black residents and jobs is high, but that distance can be overcome with short travel times as long as a car is available for use.
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