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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001)

Chapter: H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994

« Previous: G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994
Suggested Citation:"H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 692
Suggested Citation:"H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 693
Suggested Citation:"H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
×
Page 694
Suggested Citation:"H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
×
Page 695
Suggested Citation:"H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 696

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H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 TABLE H-1 Mean Serum Retinol Concentrations (µg/dl) by Quartile of Dietary Vitamin A Intake of Individuals Who Were Not Taking Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994) Quartile Sex/Age Categorya n 1st 2nd 3rd 4th M 4–8 y 950 35.6 34.5 35.2 34.4 M 9–13 y 885 39.5 40.5 41.8 39.4 M 14–18 y 698 47.8 49.7 49.9 51.4 M 19–30 y 1,210 54.0 58.2 56.1 56.8 M 31–50 y 1,520 60.7 62.6 62.5 61.7 M 51–70 y 1,035 62.6 59.7 64.2 65.4 M 71+ y 490 62.7 61.7 62.9 62.2 M Total 6,788 54.5 55.8 55.9 55.9 F 4–8 y 926 34.8 34.1 35.3 34.6 F 9–13 y 851 38.9 40.6 38.9 40.9 F 14–18 y 624 42.2 42.0 45.5 46.4 F 19–30 y 833 45.0 44.3 47.3 47.8 F 31–50 y 1,583 47.2 46.9 48.7 48.7 F 51–70 y 871 56.8 56.4 57.7 59.2 F 71+ y 524 58.4 61.5 60.0 59.6 F Total 6,212 46.9 46.9 48.3 48.9 a M = male, F = female. SOURCE: C. Ballew and C. Gillespie, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Cen- ters for Disease Control and Prevention, unpublished data. 692

APPENDIX H 693 TABLE H-2 Mean Serum Retinol Concentrations (µg/dl) by Quartile of Total Vitamin A Intake of Individuals Who Were Taking Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994) Quartile Sex/Age Categorya n 1st 2nd 3rd 4th M 4–8 y 401 —b 33.0 35.6 35.2 M 9–13 y 159 — 33.0 45.0 41.6 M 14–18 y 71 — 52.0 53.0 53.8 M 19–30 y 227 — — 64.0 60.5 M 31–50 y 360 — — 63.3 68.4 M 51–70 y 295 — — 59.4 68.6 M 71+ y 151 — — 66.2 64.4 M Total 1,664 — 45.9 54.3 59.4 F 4–8 y 380 — 32.0 34.3 35.7 F 9–13 y 185 — — 34.2 40.8 F 14–18 y 85 — — — 46.5 F 19–30 y 202 — — 41.0 49.5 F 31–50 y 519 35.0 44.0 48.4 51.9 F 51–70 y 271 — — 53.6 60.4 F 71+ y 194 — — 59.6 63.0 F Total 1,836 35.0 36.9 44.2 51.2 a M = male, F = female. b No value could be computed, primarily due to an empty data cell or the absence of sampling strata representation. SOURCE: C. Ballew and C. Gillespie, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Cen- ters for Disease Control and Prevention, unpublished data.

694 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE H-3 Weighted Median Serum Ferritin by Body Mass Index (BMI) Quartiles, Adult Reference Sample, NHANES III (1988–1994) Men Women 20–49 y 50+ y 20–49 y 50+ y BMI Quartilea Median Median Median Median Non-Hispanic White Quartile 1 118 138 39 77 Quartile 2 132 156 38 89 Quartile 3 132 165 48 92 Quartile 4 168 172 50 101 Regression Results, BMI (adjusted for age) Beta 4.007 3.619 1.434 2.358 p 0.0001 0.007 0.014 0.0017 Non-Hispanic Black Quartile 1 129 207 38 125 Quartile 2 143 146 51 120 Quartile 3 166 206 47 124 Quartile 4 186 191 59 150 Regression Results, BMI (adjusted for age) Beta 2.786 1.885 0.917 0.58 p 0.0048 NSb 0.03 NS Mexican American Quartile 1 90 111 30 90 Quartile 2 128 160 34 87 Quartile 3 137 169 40 93 Quartile 4 178 174 65 112 Regression Results, BMI (adjusted for age) Beta 6.852 –0.6788 3.192 1.372 p 0 NS 0 0.019 NOTE: Excludes individuals with C-reactive protein levels > 1 and values indicative of iron deficiency for transferrin saturation, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and mean corpuscular volume. a BMI quartiles were defined using race/ethnicity-, age-, and sex-specific cutoffs. b NS = not significant.

APPENDIX H 695 TABLE H-4 Lower and Upper Quartiles of Plasma Glucose (mmol/L) and Median Serum Ferritin Levels (µg/L), NHANES III (1988–1994) Lower Quartile of Upper Quartile of Plasma Glucose Plasma Glucose Median Median Median Median Plasma Serum Plasma Serum Glucose Ferritin Glucose Ferritin Sex/Age Categorya (mmol/L) (µ g/L) (mmol/L) (µg/L) M 20 to 30 y 4.66 108.4 5.57 116.2 M 31 to 50 y 4.77 147.5 5.82 177.8 M 51 to 70 y 4.87 131.2 6.57 188.6 M 71+ y 4.95 122.8 6.72 149.4 F 20 to 30 y 4.41 33.0 5.23 37.3 F 31 to 50 y 4.55 36.4 5.62 44.8 F 51 to 70 y 4.74 73.6 6.19 119.5 F 71+ y 4.90 87.8 6.37 120.0 F P/L 4.17 21.6 5.00 22.0 NOTE: The plasma glucose values used for constructing the lower and upper quartile populations were estimated using WestVarPC 2.12. Median serum ferritin values and plasma glucose values also were estimated with WestVarPC 2.12. Plasma glucose values were measured for individuals 20 years and older. Only individuals who reported fasting 4 or more hours prior to the blood draw and individuals not taking insulin were included in the analyses. Population groups included only those individuals for whom complete food intakes were reported. Females who had “blank but applicable” preg- nancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on preg- nancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.

696 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE H-5 Lower and Upper Quartiles of Iron Intake from Food (mg/d) and Median Levels of Serum Ferritin (µg/L): Individuals Who Do Not Report Intake of Iron Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994) Lower Quartile of Upper Quartile of Iron Intake Iron Intake Median of Median of Median of Median of Estimated Observed Estimated Observed Usual Iron Serum Usual Iron Serum Intake Ferritin Intake Ferritin Sex/Age Categorya from Food Levels from Food Levels Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 4.6 21.0 16.3 23.5 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 9.4 29.0 16.9 30.0 M 9 to 13 y 10.4 35.0 21.6 33.0 M 14 to 18 y 12.8 48.0 26.9 50.0 M 19 to 30 y 13.2 111.0 23.6 105.0 M 31 to 50 y 12.6 168.0 24.4 163.0 M 51 to 70 y 10.0 160.0 23.6 148.0 M 71+ y 8.3 148.0 25.1 134.0 F 9 to 13 y 10.5 29.0 16.4 31.0 F 14 to 18 y 7.8 28.0 16.5 25.0 F 19 to 30 y 9.9 33.0 15.4 31.0 F 31 to 50 y 8.4 43.0 16.9 40.0 F 51 to 70 y 7.3 102.0 17.0 93.5 F 71+ y 7.4 107.5 16.9 87.0 F P/L 10.8 32.0 21.1 28.5 All Individuals 9.2 51.0 19.6 49.0 All Individuals (+P/L) 9.2 51.0 19.6 49.0 NOTE: The iron intakes used for constructing the lower and upper quartiles were estimated using the Iowa State University method. Computations of the medians were completed with the C-SIDE program. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 1999.

Next: I Iron Intakes and Estimated Percentiles of the Distribution of Iron Requirements from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 19941996 »
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc Get This Book
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This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient.

Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also:

  • Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds.
  • Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role.
  • Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups.
  • Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health.

This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.

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