Final Report for NCHRP Report 574: Guidance for Cost Estimation and Management for Highway Projects During Planning, Programming, and Preconstruction (2006)

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127 REFERENCES Akinci, Burcu; Flscher, Martin (1998). Factors affecting contractors’ risk of cost overburden. Journal of Management in Engineering, 14(1), 67-76. Arditi, David; Tarim Akan, Gunzin; Gurdamar, San (1985). Cost overruns in public projects. Project Management, 3(4). Butterworth & Co (Publishers) Ltd., 218-224. Anderson, S. and Blaschke, B. (2004). “Statewide Highway Letting Program Management,” National Cooperative Highway Research Program, National Academy of Sciences, NCHRP Project 20-5, Topic 33-09, Synthesis of Practice, Washington, DC. Anderson, S. and Fisher, D. (1997). "Constructibility Review Process for Transportation Facilities Workbook," NCHRP Report 391, National Highway Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C. Ascher, William (1978). Forecasting an Appraisal for Policy-Makers and Planners. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering, International (1997). AACE International Recommended Practice No. 17R-97: Cost Estimate Classification System, AACEI, Morgantown, West Virginia, pp.2-6. Berka, J.H.; Daley, J.C. (1992). Project Development-An Owner’s System. 1992 AACE Transactions, AACE International, T.1.1-T.1.7. The Big Dig: Key Facts about Cost, Scope, Schedule, and Management (2003). Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff, 20 Feb. Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment (2003). Completing the "Big Dig": Managing the Final Stages of Boston's Central Artery/Tunnel Project. National Academy of Engineering, Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Booz·Allen & Hamilton Inc. & DRI/McGraw-Hill (1995). The transit capital cost index study. Federal Transit Administration. www.fta.dot.gov/library/planning/tccpis/COVER2.HTM#contents. Bruzelius, Nils; Flyvbjerg, Bert; Rothergatter, Werner (1998). “Big Decisions, Big Risk: Improving Accountability in Mega Projects,” International Review of Administrative Science, Vol. 64, 423-440. Burati, Jr., J. L.; Farrington, J. J.; Ledbetter, W. B. (1992). “Causes of Quality Deviations in Design and Construction,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, 118, 1, March, pp.34-49. Burman, D. (1998). The Design to Cost (DTC) Approach to Product Development, AACE International Transactions, AACE International, VE.03.1-VE.03.3.

128 Callahan, Joel T. (1998). Managing transit construction contract claims. Transportation Research Board, TCRP Synthesis 28. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1-59. Carr, Robert I. (1989). “Cost-Estimating Principles,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 115, No. 4, 545-551, Dec. Chang, Andrew Shing-Tao (2002). Reasons for Cost and Schedule Increases for Engineering Design Projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, ASCE, January, 29-36. “Chapter 5. Definition Phase,” Project Management for the Acquisition of Capital Assets, DOE M 413.3-1 (2003). U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Management, Budget and Evaluation, March 28. Completing the Big Dig, Managing the Final Stages of Boston’s Central Artery/Tunnel Project, (prepublication copy), (2003). The National Academies Press, Washington, D. C. Condon, E.; Harman, F. (2004). Playing Games. 2004 AACE International Transactions, AACE, PM.14.1-PM.14.6. Construction Industry Institute. (1994). Pre-Project Planning: Beginning a Project the Right Way. CII Publication 39-1. The CII Pre-Project Planning Research Team, Austin, TX. Construction Industry Institute (1997). Pre-Project Planning Tools: PDRI and Alignment, Construction Industry Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Research Summary 113-1. Contract Administration Core Curriculum Participant's Manual and Reference Guide 2001, Chapter III A, U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, www.fhwa.dot.gov/programadmin/contracts/cor_IIIA.htm#IIIA2 Daniels, B. (1998). A Legacy of Conflict: Utah’s Growth and the Legacy Highway, Hinckly Journal of Politics, University of Utah, Autumn, p. 51-60. Department of Transportation and Public Facilities Highway Design Cost and Quality Comparison (1994). Alaska Division of Legislative Audit, www.legis.state.ak.us/legaud/web/pages/audits/1995/4472.htm#fcmethod Estimating Guidelines (1989). Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix, AZ. Fact Sheets for Highway Provisions in the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU), Statewide Planning, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/statewide.htm, viewed October 9, 2006. Federal-Aid Highways Cost and Oversight of Major Highway and Bridge Project – Issues and Options, GAO-03-764T (2003). Washington, D.C., May 8. FHWA Major (Mega) Projects Lessons Learned (2003). Fact Sheet attachment to Rick Capka’s presentation TRB Session 652, Jan 15.

129 Flyvbjerg, B.; Holm, M.S.; Buhl, S. (2002). Underestimating costs in public works projects: Error or lie? Journal of the American Planning Association, 68(3), American Planning Association, Chicago, IL. 279-295. A Guide to Best Practices for Achieving Context Sensitive Solutions, NCHRP Report 480 (2002). Transportation Research Board, Washington, D. C. Hall, Peter (1980). Great Planning Disasters, University of California Press. Harbuck, R.H. (2004). Competitive Bidding for Highway Construction Projects. 2004 AACE International Transactions, AACE, EST.09.1-EST.09.4. Hudachko, T. (2004). Legacy Parkway SEIS Moving Forward. Shared Solutions, UTA and UDOT, January. Hufschmidt, Maynard M.; Gerin, Jacques (1970). Systematic errors in cost estimates for public investment projects. In J Margolis (Ed.), The analysis of public output, New York: Columbia Press, 267-795. Legacy Parkway: History of the Legacy Parkway. www.legacy-info.com/overview/, viewed August 12, 2004. Mackie, Peter; Preston, John (1998). Twenty-one sources of error and bias in transportation project appraisal. Transport Policy, 5, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, United Kingdom, 1-7. Mass transit: status of new starts transit projects with full funding grant agreements (1999). United States General Accounting Office. GAO/RCED -99-240. <http://www.gao.gov/archive/1999/rc99240.pdf>. “Measuring Design Quality,” (1998). The Massachusetts Highway Department and the American consulting Engineers Council of Massachusetts, www.engineers.org/quality.html. Merewitz, L. (1973). “Cost Overruns in Public Works.” in Benefit Cost and Policy Analysis (pp 227-297), Chicago, Aldine. Merrow, Edward W.; Phillips, Kenneth E.; Myers, Christopher W. (1981). Understanding Cost Growth and Performance Shortfalls in Pioneer Process Plants, Rand, Santa Monica, CA, Sept. Merrow, Edward W. (1986). A Quantitative Assessment of R&D Requirements for Solids Processing Technology Process Plants, The Rand Corporation, July. Merrow, Edward W. (1988). Understanding the Outcomes of Mega Projects: A Quantitative Analysis of Very Large Civilian Projects. Santa Monica, CA: Rand. Nevada Department of Transportation (2004). I-580 Freeway Extension Contractor Review Meeting, August 26. New Jersey Department of Transportation (1999). New Jersey’s Modified Design/Build Program: Progress Report #6. New Jersey Department of Transportation.

130 Noor, I.; Tichacek, R.L. (2004). Contingency misuse and other risk management pitfalls. AACE International Transactions, AACE, RISK.04.1-RISK.04.7. Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc. (2002). Final Draft: Design-Build Practice Report, New York State Department of Transportation. Paulson, Boyd C. Jr. (1976). “Designing to reduce Construction Costs,” Journal of the Construction Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. CO4. Pearl, R., (1994). “The Effect of Market Conditions on Tendering and Forecasting,” 1994 AACE Transactions, Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering International, Morgantown, WV. Pickrell, Don H. (1990). Urban Rail Transit Projects: Forecast Versus Actual Ridership and Costs, DOT-T-91-04, U.S. Department of Transportation, Oct. Pickrell, Don H. (1992). A desire named streetcar: Fantasy and fact in rail transit promotions and evaluation. Journal of the American Planning Association, 58(2), 158-176. Ripley, P.W. (2004). Contingency! Who owns and manages it! 2004 AACE International Transactions, AACE, CSC.08.1-CSC.08.4. SAIC (2002). 2002 Survey by SAIC for Illinois DOT on the Current Use of Design-Build. Federal Highway Administration, www.fhwa.dot.gov/programadmin/contraacts/survey02.htm, viewed February 19, 2003. SAVE International (2004). Welcome to SAVE International, value-eng.org/, viewed July 19, 2004. Sawyer, John E. (1951-52). “Entrepreneurial Error and Economic Growth,” Explorations in Entrepreneurial History, Vol. IV:4, pp. 199-204. Schexnayder, Cliff J., Weber, Sandra L., and Fiori, Christine (2003), NCHRP Project 20-07/Task 152 report, Project Cost Estimating a Synthesis of Highway Practice, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, June. Schexnayder, Cliff (2001). “Construction Forum,” Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, ASCE, Vol. 6, No. 1, Feb. Schroeder, D. V. (2000). Comments on Legacy Parkway FEIS and 404 Permit Application. Ogden Group Sierra Club, www.utah.sierraclub.org/ogden/legacycom.html, viewed August 12, 2004. Scope Definition Control (1986). prepared by The Construction Industry Institute, Cost/Schedule Controls Task Force, Publication 6-2, Bureau of Engineering Research, The University of Texas at Austin, July. Semple, Cheryl; Hartman, Francis T.; Jergeas, George (1994). Construction claims and disputes: Causes and cost/time overruns. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 120(4), 785-795.

131 Summary of Independent Review Committee Findings Regarding the Woodrow Wilson Bridge Superstructure Contract (2002). March 1. Tilley, P. A. (1997). “Causes, Effects and Indicators of Design and Documentation Deficiency,” 1st International Conf. on Construction Industry Development: Building the Future Together, Singapore, 9-11 Nov., 2, 388-395. Touran, Ali; Bolster, Paul J. (1994). Risk assessment in fixed guideway transit system construction Jan. . Federal Transit Administration. www.fta.dot.gov/library/planning/SSW/ssw.html. Transportation Infrastructure Cost and Oversight Issues on Major Highway and Bridge Projects, GAO-02-702T (2002). Washington, D.C., May 1. Transportation Infrastructure Impacts of Utility Relocations on Highway and Bridge Projects, GAO/RCED-99-131 (1999). Washington, D.C., June 9. Transportation Infrastructure Managing the Costs of Large-dollar Highway Projects, GAO/RCED-97-47 (1997). Washington, D.C., February. Warrack, Allan (1993). Megaproject Decision Making Lessons and Strategies, Western Centre for Economic Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, No. 16/May. Weiss, L.L. (2000). Design/Build-Lessons Learned to Date. South Dakota Department of Transportation, October 7. Werkmeister, Raymond F., Jr.; Hancher, Donn E. (2001). “Paris-Lexington Road Project, Project Report,” Transportation Research Record, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, NO 1761, Construction 2001, National Research Council, pp. 130-136. Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project Bridge Superstructure Contract (BR-3): Review of the Engineer’s Estimate vs. the Single Bid, (2002). February 28. Zanetell, Dave (2004). “Hoover Dam Bypass Project,” Presentation at the Mega Projects of the West Coast III seminar, sponsored by the Construction Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Burlingame, CA, August 20. Web Resources Guidelines on Preparing Engineer’s Estimates, Bid Reviews and Evaluation, January 20, 2004, (www.fhwa.dot.gov/programadmin/contracts/ta508046.pdf). This guideline replaces Technical Advisory “T5080.4 - Preparing Engineer's Estimate and Reviewing Bids”, dated December 29, 1980 and Technical Advisory “T5080.6; Guidelines on Contract Procedures with Emphasis on Bid Reviews and Evaluation”, dated December 17, 1982.