Environmental Performance Measures for State Departments of Transportation (2015)

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119 A P P E N D I X C States’ Performance Data

Nitrogen Oxides Emissions (Tons per Year) Volale Organic Compounds Emissions (Tons per Year) Year CA VT WA PA VA WY SD ND NC NJ MO MD IL FL DE CO 2005 714,712 22,935 255,658 279,829 209,649 31,361 27,397 24,133 248,307 161,692 183,778 129,530 269,780 471,765 21,762 127,526 2006 654,873 21,152 241,920 257,313 194,251 29,594 26,904 22,742 228,042 152,224 168,763 122,642 242,775 442,237 19,878 118,591 2007 609,501 19,155 227,552 237,824 181,234 27,338 24,374 21,104 213,917 142,294 153,699 114,172 225,901 413,975 18,476 109,939 2008 561,268 16,792 206,155 217,207 165,662 25,197 22,358 19,226 191,834 126,983 139,805 102,665 205,153 368,808 16,005 99,331 2009 497,180 15,371 188,020 186,708 144,770 22,291 19,447 17,663 171,687 111,822 124,471 91,373 180,917 325,919 14,365 84,446 2010 453,950 13,557 176,963 166,890 134,851 20,007 17,928 16,468 156,710 102,632 117,911 85,179 166,311 300,298 13,042 78,606 2011 415,170 12,329 164,130 152,621 122,530 18,339 16,696 16,656 146,002 94,268 105,347 78,719 149,505 271,901 12,183 72,385 Change 2005-11 -41.9% -46.2% -35.8% -45.5% -41.6% -41.5% -39.1% -31.0% -41.2% -41.7% -42.7% -39.2% -44.6% -42.4% -44.0% -43.2% Year CA VT WA PA VA WY SD ND NC NJ MO MD IL FL DE CO 2005 90,493 3,268 116,229 48,417 36,096 3,029 3,045 2,807 36,662 23,533 25,136 16,835 37,204 80,556 3,287 16,097 2006 82,533 3,011 110,568 43,824 32,911 2,858 2,997 2,652 33,661 21,567 22,513 16,072 34,049 72,810 2,915 14,690 2007 75,222 2,670 103,669 39,587 30,112 2,548 2,628 2,341 30,744 19,513 20,291 14,283 31,161 65,406 2,614 13,060 2008 69,558 2,317 94,947 35,773 27,543 2,342 2,374 2,123 27,371 17,110 18,025 12,565 28,469 57,051 2,225 11,581 2009 62,512 2,171 90,022 30,873 24,345 2,099 2,069 1,961 24,454 15,098 16,106 11,149 25,821 50,106 2,005 9,901 2010 57,271 1,905 85,339 27,606 22,827 1,909 1,903 1,834 22,412 13,825 15,211 10,402 24,223 45,846 1,815 9,274 2011 51,251 1,700 78,180 24,588 20,250 1,705 1,732 1,815 20,584 12,429 13,267 9,395 21,884 40,214 1,637 8,300 Change 2005-11 -43.4% -48.0% -32.7% -49.2% -43.9% -43.7% -43.1% -35.3% -43.9% -47.2% -47.2% -44.2% -41.2% -50.1% -50.2% -48.4% Fine Parculate Ma
er Emissions (Tons per Year) Year CA VT WA PA VA WY SD ND NC NJ MO MD IL FL DE CO 2005 25,094 754 8,230 9,241 6,835 1,018 861 759 7,943 5,622 5,893 4,586 9,066 14,400 690 4,175 2006 23,454 708 7,846 8,633 6,414 971 857 726 7,404 5,370 5,484 4,271 8,261 13,567 641 3,912 2007 21,510 632 7,269 7,868 5,885 880 766 665 6,854 4,952 4,913 3,894 7,573 12,432 589 3,572 2008 19,633 555 6,587 7,209 5,401 812 704 608 6,168 4,431 4,472 3,499 6,892 11,016 516 3,237 2009 17,057 506 6,001 6,178 4,688 720 613 560 5,494 3,879 3,958 3,094 6,056 9,513 458 2,757 2010 15,909 456 5,727 5,630 4,447 658 577 533 5,117 3,639 3,813 2,936 5,684 8,868 423 2,613 2011 14,616 415 5,328 5,171 4,053 602 540 542 4,797 3,365 3,420 2,720 5,137 8,057 398 2,416 Change 2005-11 -41.8% -44.9% -35.3% -44.0% -40.7% -40.8% -37.3% -28.7% -39.6% -40.2% -42.0% -40.7% -43.3% -44.1% -42.3% -42.1% Air Quality Data by State

States’ Performance Data 121 Caltrans Annual Fuel Use by Fuel Type (Gallons) Fiscal Year (July-June) Unleaded Gasoline Diesel (ULSD) Biodiesel (B5) E85 LPG CNG (GGE) Total 2008-2009 7,688,847 4,407,558 1,214,042 197,859 35,492 114,561 13,658,359 2009-2010 6,737,860 1,945,943 3,314,060 197,810 31,991 123,566 12,351,230 2010-2011 7,191,462 3,005,892 3,223,614 179,129 29,534 140,657 13,770,288 2011-2012 6,725,111 2,810,836 2,218,246 153,834 29,178 138,209 12,075,414 2012-2013 6,678,560 2,229,866 3,343,720 108,402 21,429 152,622 12,534,599 Caltrans Alternave Fuel Percentage (Volume Basis) 2008-2009 13,279,424 378,935 2.8% 2009-2010 11,861,832 489,399 4.0% 2010-2011 13,286,657 483,631 3.5% 2011-2012 11,666,356 409,058 3.4% 2012-2013 12,101,220 433,379 3.5% Caltrans Alternave Fuel Percentage (Energy Basis) Fiscal Year (July-June) Convenonal Fuel (MU) Alternave Fuel (MU) Alternave Fuel Percentage Fiscal Year (July-June) Convenonal Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel Percentage 2008-2009 1,640,382,832 38,577,357 2.3% 2009-2010 1,467,675,907 52,606,887 3.5% 2010-2011 1,650,768,148 52,615,320 3.1% 2011-2012 1,441,729,031 44,190,699 3.0% 2012-2013 1,501,184,094 49,211,618 3.2% Caltrans CO2-Equivalent Emissions (Metric Tons) Caltrans Composite Carbon Intensity (g CO2e/MJ) Fiscal Year Unleaded Gasoline Diesel Biodiesel (ULSD) (B5) E85 CNG (GGE)LPG Total 2008-2009 66,101 46,117 11,988 601 260 906 125,972 2009-2010 57,925 20,361 32,724 601 234 977 112,821 2010-2011 61,825 31,451 31,831 544 216 1,112 126,979 2011-2012 57,816 29,410 21,903 467 213 1,093 110,903 2012-2013 57,415 23,331 33,017 329 157 1,207 115,456 Fiscal Year Carbon Intensity 2008-2009 72.7 2009-2010 72.0 2010-2011 72.4 2011-2012 72.4 2012-2013 72.3 Energy Data by State California

122 Environmental Performance Measures for State Departments of Transportation Iowa Iowa DOT Fuel Use by Fuel Type (Gallons) Iowa DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Volume Basis) Iowa DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Energy Basis) Iowa DOT CO2-Equivalent Emissions (Metric Tons) Year Gasoline Diesel Neat Methyl Esthers (for B20) Total 2012 17,136 20,371 110 37,617 2013 17,120 22,384 96 39,599 Iowa DOT Composite Carbon Intensity (g CO2e/MJ) Year Carbon Intensity 2012 73.0 2013 73.3 Year Gasoline Diesel Neat Methyl Esthers (for B20) Total 2012 1,993,234 1,946,908 76,673 4,016,815 2013 1,991,352 2,139,273 66,816 4,197,442 Year Convenonal Alternave Fuel Alternave FuelAlternave Fuel Alternave Fuel (gal) Fuel (gal) Percentage 2012 3,940,142 76,673 1.91% 2013 4,130,626 66,816 1.59% Year Convenonal Fuel (MJ) (MJ) Percentage 2012 505,934,881 9,670,765 1.88% 2013 531,571,798 8,427,502 1.56%

States’ Performance Data 123 Maryland Maryland DOT Annual Fuel Use by Type (Gallons) Year Gasoline Diesel B5 E85 CNG (GGE) Total 2008 842,378 27,273 1,637,229 5,443 129 2,512,452 2009 772,950 462 1,685,263 8,502 202 2,467,379 2010 707,594 5,595 1,715,251 6,217 138 2,434,794 2011 711,812 13,261 1,621,120 4,739 54 2,350,985 2012 743,712 9,579 1,493,117 4,668 22 2,251,098 2013 763,161 28,740 1,302,454 10,447 0 2,104,802 Maryland DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Volume Basis) Year Convenonal Fuel Alternave Fuel Alternave Fuel Percentage 2008 2,425,835 86,617 3.4% 2009 2,375,688 91,692 3.7% 2010 2,343,609 91,185 3.7% 2011 2,265,847 85,138 3.6% 2012 2,172,452 78,645 3.5% 2013 2,030,800 74,003 3.5% Maryland DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Energy Basis) Year Convenonal Fuel (MJ) Alternave Fuel (MJ) Alternave Fuel Percentage 2008 316,093,383 10,718,062 3.3% 2009 310,176,867 11,241,872 3.5% 2010 306,650,905 11,264,900 3.5% 2011 296,146,322 10,558,506 3.4% 2012 283,205,254 9,742,433 3.3% 2013 263,913,618 8,937,749 3.3% Maryland DOT CO2-Equivalent Emissions (Metric Tons) Year Gasoline Diesel B5 E85 CNG (GGE) Total 2008 7,242 285 16,166 17 1 23,711 2009 6,645 5 16,641 26 2 23,318 2010 6,083 59 16,937 19 1 23,098 2011 6,119 139 16,007 14 0 22,280 2012 6,394 100 14,743 14 0 21,252 2013 6,561 301 12,861 32 0 19,754 Maryland DOT Composite Carbon Intensity (g CO2e/MJ) Year Carbon Intensity 2008 72.6 2009 72.5 2010 72.7 2011 72.6 2012 72.5 2013 72.4

124 Environmental Performance Measures for State Departments of Transportation Minnesota Minnesota DOT Annual Fuel Use by Fuel Type (Gallons) Year Gasoline Diesel (B5) E85 Biodiesel (B20) Total 2002 1,581,511 2,007,853 29 3,589,393 2003 1,381,603 2,233,999 800 3,616,402 2004 1,451,481 2,158,977 319 3,610,778 2005 1,410,453 2,318,932 5,369 3,734,754 2006 1,444,447 2,006,782 18,150 3,469,379 2007 1,339,422 2,445,758 134,400 1,266 3,920,845 2008 1,204,243 2,563,495 238,194 9,487 4,015,418 2009 1,395,231 2,654,379 200,510 70,883 4,321,004 2010 1,270,475 2,794,558 406,068 183,653 4,654,754 2011 1,128,594 2,453,393 404,011 169,979 4,155,977 2012 1,258,717 2,186,104 431,466 284,261 4,160,548 Minnesota DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Volume Basis) Year Convenonal Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel Percentage 2002 3,549,212 40,181 1.1% 2003 3,571,042 45,360 1.3% 2004 3,567,327 43,451 1.2% 2005 3,614,244 120,510 3.2% 2006 3,353,613 115,767 3.3% 2007 3,684,065 236,781 6.0% 2008 3,682,881 332,537 8.3% 2009 4,003,675 317,330 7.3% 2010 4,133,137 521,616 11.2% 2011 3,655,902 500,075 12.0% 2012 3,627,645 532,903 12.8% Minnesota DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Energy Basis) Year Convenonal Fuel (MU) Alternave Fuel (MU) Alternave Fuel Percentage 2002 458,302,402 5,066,999 1.1% 2003 463,633,095 5,690,920 1.2% 2004 462,296,698 5,468,353 1.2% 2005 469,088,413 14,996,323 3.1% 2006 433,610,782 13,913,286 3.1% 2007 479,096,746 24,767,780 4.9% 2008 480,371,515 32,908,888 6.4% 2009 521,286,734 32,420,018 5.9% 2010 539,821,597 50,390,510 8.5% 2011 477,352,425 47,751,517 9.1% 2012 471,943,267 50,850,879 9.7%

States’ Performance Data 125 Minnesota DOT CO2-Equivalent Emissions (Metric Tons) Year Gasoline Diesel Biodiesel (B2) Diesel (B5) (B20) E85 Total 2002 13,596 20,535 0 0 0 34,131 2003 11,878 22,847 0 0 2 34,727 2004 12,478 22,080 0 0 1 34,560 2005 12,126 0 22,898 0 16 35,039 2006 12,418 0 19,815 0 55 32,288 2007 11,515 0 24,150 10 408 36,083 2008 10,353 0 25,312 77 724 36,466 2009 11,995 0 26,210 576 609 39,390 2010 10,922 0 27,594 1,493 1,234 41,242 2011 9,702 0 24,225 1,382 1,227 36,537 2012 10,821 0 21,586 2,310 1,311 36,028 Minnesota DOT Composite Carbon Intensity (g CO2e/MJ) Year Carbon Intensity 2002 73.7 2003 74.0 2004 73.9 2005 72.4 2006 72.1 2007 71.6 2008 71.0 2009 71.1 2010 69.9 2011 69.6 2012 68.9

126 Environmental Performance Measures for State Departments of Transportation Missouri Missouri DOT Annual Fuel Use by Fuel Type (Gallons) Fiscal Year Gasoline Diesel E85 B20 Total 2011-2012 2,061,007 1,590,929 35,500 1,450,225 5,137,661 2012-2013 1,728,978 2,236,380 18,720 1,296,090 5,280,168 2013-2014 1,812,875 3,177,631 16,475 1,128,735 6,135,716 Missouri DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Volume Basis) Fiscal Year Convenonal Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel Percentage 2011-2012 4,817,441 320,220 6.2% 2012-2013 5,005,038 275,130 5.2% 2013-2014 5,895,965 239,751 3.9% Missouri DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Energy Basis) Missouri DOT CO2-Equivalent Emissions (Metric Tons) Fiscal Year Gasoline Diesel E85 B20 Total 2011-2012 17,718 16,646 108 11,787 46,260 2012-2013 14,864 23,400 57 10,535 48,855 2013-2014 15,585 33,248 50 9,174 58,058 Missouri DOT Composite Carbon Intensity (g CO2e/MJ) Fiscal Year Carbon Intensity 2011-2012 69.9 2012-2013 71.2 2013-2014 72.5 Fiscal Year Convenonal Fuel (MJ) Alternave FuelAlternave Fuel (MJ) Percentage 2011-2012 623,028,934 39,042,940 5.9% 2012-2013 652,265,829 33,992,153 5.0% 2013-2014 771,067,049 29,614,915 3.7%

States’ Performance Data 127 North Carolina North Carolina DOT Annual Fuel Use by Fuel Type (Gallons) North Carolina DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Volume Basis) Fiscal Year Convenonal Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel Percentage 2005-2006 10,847,235 325,536 2.9% 2006-2007 11,552,672 390,855 3.3% 2007-2008 11,409,884 615,648 5.1% 2008-2009 9,375,539 1,314,449 12.3% 2009-2010 10,122,514 1,418,496 12.3% 2010-2011 10,588,783 1,459,765 12.1% 2011-2012 10,044,068 1,304,678 11.5% 2012-2013 11,343,489 1,282,433 10.2% Fiscal Year Gasoline E85 Diesel B20 Propane TotaCNG (GGE) l 2005-2006 3,585,464 6,028,016 1,542,194 1,450 15,647 11,172,771 2006-2007 3,768,705 6,290,322 1,867,056 953 16,491 11,943,527 2007-2008 3,801,701 5,181,019 3,033,955 384 8,473 12,025,532 2008-2009 3,380,383 737,362 6,572,243 0,689,988 2009-2010 3,418,403 4,440 1,064,797 7,048,310 5,060 11,541,010 2010-2011 3,534,254 13,206 1,281,640 7,213,635 5,813 12,048,548 2011-2012 3,571,256 31,301 1,375,819 6,365,372 4,998 11,348,746 2012-2013 4,443,695 42,658 1,908,702 6,230,866 1 12,625,921 North Carolina DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Energy Basis) Fiscal Year Convenonal Fuel Alternave FuelAlternave Fuel (MJ) (MJ) Percentage 2005-2006 1,415,643,146 40,483,378 2.8% 2006-2007 1,508,306,408 48,693,118 3.1% 2007-2008 1,488,710,158 77,340,991 4.9% 2008-2009 1,220,202,838 165,791,402 12.0% 2009-2010 1,320,184,723 178,561,799 11.9% 2010-2011 1,381,479,251 183,407,116 11.7% 2011-2012 1,307,755,264 163,189,473 11.1% 2012-2013 1,472,008,657 160,135,321 9.8%

128 Environmental Performance Measures for State Departments of Transportation North Carolina DOT Composite Carbon Intensity (g CO2e/MJ) Fiscal Year Carbon Intensity 2005-2006 73.2 2006-2007 72.9 2007-2008 71.3 2008-2009 65.1 2009-2010 65.3 2010-2011 65.5 2011-2012 65.9 2012-2013 66.8 North Carolina DOT CO2-Equivalent Emissions (Metric Tons) Fiscal Year Gasoline E85 Diesel B20 CNG Propane Total 2005-2006 30,824 0 63,072 12,535 11 114 106,557 2006-2007 32,399 0 65,817 15,175 8 121 113,520 2007-2008 32,683 0 54,210 24,660 3 62 111,618 2008-2009 29,061 0 7,715 53,419 0 0 90,196 2009-2010 29,388 13 11,141 57,289 0 37 97,868 2010-2011 30,384 40 13,410 58,633 0 43 102,509 2011-2012 30,702 95 14,395 51,738 0 37 96,967 2012-2013 38,202 130 19,971 50,645 0 0 108,948

States’ Performance Data 129 Nebraska DOT Annual Fuel Use by Fuel Type (Gallons) Nebraska DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Volume Basis) Nebraska DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Energy Basis) Nebraska DOT CO2-Equivalent Emissions (Metric Tons) Nebraska DOT Composite Carbon Intensity (g CO2e/MJ) Fiscal Year Carbon Intensity 2010-2011 76.7 2011-2012 76.6 2012-2013 76.7 2013-2014 76.6 Fiscal Year Gasoline Diesel E85 Total 2010-2011 292,701 1,799,971 7,096 2,099,768 2011-2012 276,412 1,590,931 8,596 1,875,939 2012-2013 282,948 1,710,653 8,648 2,002,249 2013-2014 291,382 1,599,107 8,320 1,898,809 Fiscal Year Convenonal Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel Convenonal Fuel Alternave Fuel Alternave Fuel Percentage 2010-2011 2,093,736 6,032 0.29% 2011-2012 1,868,632 7,307 0.39% 2012-2013 1,994,898 7,351 0.37% 2013-2014 1,891,737 7,072 0.37% Fiscal Year (MJ) (MJ) Percentage 2010-2011 278,022,908 491,636 0.18% 2011-2012 247,945,757 595,561 0.24% 2012-2013 264,846,269 599,164 0.23% 2013-2014 250,873,660 576,439 0.23% Fiscal Year Gasoline Diesel E85 Total 2010-2011 2,516 18,833 22 21,371 2011-2012 2,376 16,646 26 19,049 2012-2013 2,432 17,899 26 20,358 2013-2014 2,505 16,732 25 19,262 Nebraska

130 Environmental Performance Measures for State Departments of Transportation PennDOT Annual Fuel Use by Fuel Type (Gallons) Fiscal Year (July-June) Gasoline B5 Diesel B2 Diesel Total 2008-2009 1,217,753 5,295,811 4,696,285 11,209,849 2009-2010 1,399,982 5,456,092 4,838,422 11,694,496 2010-2011 1,878,628 5,232,430 4,640,079 11,751,137 2011-2012 1,968,796 4,453,191 3,949,057 10,371,044 2012-2013 2,357,273 5,152,135 4,568,874 12,078,282 PennDOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Volume Basis) Fiscal Year (July-June) Convenonal Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel Percentage 2008-2009 10,851,132 358,716 3.2% 2009-2010 11,324,923 369,573 3.2% 2010-2011 11,396,714 354,423 3.0% 2011-2012 10,069,404 301,641 2.9% 2012-2013 11,729,298 348,984 2.9% PennDOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Energy Basis) Fiscal Year (July-June) Convenonal Fuel (MU) Alternave Fuel (MU) Alternave Fuel Percentage 2008-2009 1,444,552,660 45,244,880 3.0% 2009-2010 1,506,078,612 46,614,249 3.0% 2010-2011 1,509,994,115 44,703,382 2.9% 2011-2012 1,330,429,657 38,045,942 2.8% 2012-2013 1,548,978,386 44,017,380 2.8% PennDOT CO2-Equivalent Emissions (Metric Tons) PennDOT Composite Carbon Intensity (g CO2e/MJ) Fiscal Year Carbon Intensity 2008-2009 74.4 2009-2010 74.3 2010-2011 74.1 2011-2012 74.0 2012-2013 74.0 Fiscal Year Gasoline B5 Diesel B2 Diesel Total 2008-2009 10,469 52,292 48,030 110,790 2009-2010 12,036 53,875 49,483 115,393 2010-2011 16,150 51,666 47,455 115,271 2011-2012 16,926 43,972 40,388 101,285 2012-2013 20,265 50,873 46,727 117,865 Pennsylvania

States’ Performance Data 131 Washington State Washington State DOT Annual Fuel Use by Fuel Type (Gallons) Year Gasoline Diesel Biodiesel (B100) Propane Total 2011 1,425,222 1,934,717 356,790 7,566 3,724,295 2012 1,348,781 2,259,469 330,684 11,544 3,950,478 Washington State DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Volume Basis) Fiscal Year (July-June) Convenonal Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel Percentage 2011 3,359,939 364,356 9.8% 2012 3,608,250 342,228 8.7% Washington State DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Energy Basis) Fiscal Year (July-June) Convenonal Fuel (MU) Alternave Fuel (MU) Alternave Fuel Percentage 2011 434,724,629 45,680,041 9.5% 2012 469,031,441 42,743,814 8.4% Washington State DOT CO2-Equivalent Emissions (Metric Tons) Washington State DOT Composite Carbon Intensity (g CO2e/MJ) Year Carbon Intensity 2011 68.8 2012 69.9 Year Gasoline Diesel Biodiesel (B100) Propane Total 2011 12,253 20,243 512 55 33,064 2012 11,595 23,641 475 84 35,796

132 Environmental Performance Measures for State Departments of Transportation Wyoming DOT Annual Fuel Use by Fuel Type (Gallons) Wyoming DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Volume Basis) Year Convenonal Fuel (gal) Alternave Fuel (gal) CNG (gge) Alternave Fuel Percentage 2012 834,000 987,337 4,100 0.23% Wyoming DOT Alternave Fuel Percentage (Energy Basis) Year Convenonal Fuel (MU) Alternave Fuel (MU) Alternave Fuel Percentage 2012 234,916,722 502,174 0.2% Wyoming DOT CO2-Equivalent Emissions (Metric Tons) Wyoming DOT Composite Carbon Intensity (g CO2e/MJ) Year Gasoline Diesel CNG (gge) Total 2012 834,000 987,337 4,100 1,825,437 Year Gasoline Diesel CNG Total 2012 7,170 10,331 32 17,533 Year Carbon Intensity 2012 74.5 Wyoming

States’ Performance Data 133 Change in Gasoline Use per Capita, 2005–2011 by State Alabama -5.1% Montana -2.4% Alaska -10.5% Nebraska -2.7% Arizona -16.3% Nevada -13.9% Arkansas -6.0% New Hampshire -0.8% California -13.1% New Jersey -5.6% Colorado -10.3% New Mexico -6.9% Connec„cut -10.5% New York -4.8% Delaware -10.8% North Carolina -10.4% District of Columbia -23.1% North Dakota 11.4% Florida -12.3% Ohio -5.6% Georgia -15.2% Oklahoma -8.2% Hawaii -4.6% Oregon -11.3% Idaho -1.2% Pennsylvania -4.5% Illinois -11.1% Rhode Island -6.7% Indiana -10.8% South Carolina -3.9% Iowa -0.6% South Dakota 3.1% Kansas -5.6% Tennessee -4.3% Kentucky -5.5% Texas -6.6% Louisiana -0.7% Utah -8.7% Maine -8.0% Vermont -8.3% Maryland -5.1% Virginia -9.7% Massachusetts -4.8% Washington -10.1% Michigan -7.9% West Virginia -3.6% Minnesota -12.8% Wisconsin -4.9% Mississippi -3.8% Wyoming -8.2% Missouri -5.8% United States Average -8.2%

134 Environmental Performance Measures for State Departments of Transportation HMA = Hot Mix Asphalt WMA = Warm Mix Asphalt Colorado DOT Annual RAP Use Year RAP Allowed/Total Mix RAP Used/Allowed RAP Used/Total Mix 2005 11% 3% <0.5% 2006 6% 26% 1.6% 2007 10% 14% 1.4% 2008 10% 55% 5.4% 2009 12% 66% 8.3% 2010 17% 63% 10.7% 2011 17% 71% 11.8% 2012 17% 92% 15.7% Delaware DOT Annual RAP Use Year Total Asphalt (tons) RAP (tons) Percentage of RAP 2003 880,695 92,612 10.5% 2004 897,982 97,838 10.9% 2005 884,708 91,512 10.3% 2006 969,356 108,590 11.2% 2007 724,544 77,729 10.7% 2008 1,080,963 171,080 15.8% 2009 793,634 142,540 18.0% 2010 651,660 142,798 21.9% 2011 732,748 146,193 20.0% 2012 932,600 202,416 21.7% 2013 572,620 128,729 22.5% RAP Data by State

States’ Performance Data 135 Illinois DOT Annual RAP Use Year HMA (tons) RAP (tons) RAP used in HMA (tons) RAP used as Aggregate (tons) Percentage of RAP 2008 6,164,792 739,265 657,074 82,191 10.7% 2009 9,385,624 1,277,513 1,069,479 208,034 11.4% 2010 10,127,156 1,370,909 1,108,169 262,740 10.9% 2011 5,382,886 974,051 740,396 233,655 13.8% 2012 4,673,543 1,023,771 725,255 298,515 15.5% Missouri DOT Annual RAP Use Year Total Asphalt Tons of RAP Percentage of RAP 2004 3,384,284 14,500 0.4% 2005 5,502,816 115,100 2.1% 2006 7,250,257 444,800 6.1% 2007 4,384,102 428,700 9.8% 2008 3,494,261 335,000 9.6% 2009 4,540,786 499,400 11.0% 2010 3,399,225 441,600 13.0% 2011 4,075,577 708,900 17.4% 2012 3,578,391 598,600 16.7% 2013 3,322,966 628,150 18.9% Florida DOT Annual RAP Use Fiscal Year Asphalt, all FL (tons) FDOT Asphalt (tons) FDOT RAP (tons) Percentage of RAP (FDOT Projects) 2005/2006 20,977,552 5,724,071 833,672 14.6% 2006/2007 20,532,519 6,376,198 890,371 14.0% 2007/2008 17,423,741 6,219,199 807,374 13.0% 2008/2009 14,834,418 5,089,733 699,925 13.8% 2009/2010 13,737,570 4,891,638 684,969 14.0% 2010/2011 13,569,053 4,383,485 765,307 17.5% 2011/2012 12,653,603 4,641,854 834,772 18.0% 2012/2013 12,378,311 4,850,291 940,357 19.4%

136 Environmental Performance Measures for State Departments of Transportation New Jersey DOT Annual RAP Use Year HMA (tons) RAP (tons) Percentage of RAP 1992 1,561,913 188,808 12.1% 1993 2,128,916 156,815 7.4% 1994 2,018,739 135,299 6.7% 1995 1,706,307 136,369 8.0% 1996 2,321,791 171,512 7.4% 1997 2,500,301 175,657 7.0% 1998 no data 1999 no data 2000 1,190,785 88,657 7.4% 2001 1,046,038 60,678 5.8% 2002 1,262,237 63,008 5.0% 2003 1,595,376 104,647 6.6% 2004 1,218,636 136,258 11.2% 2005 1,490,833 135,426 9.1% 2006 no data 2007 2,256,031 310,665 13.8% 2008 2,557,266 380,689 14.9% 2009 2,393,010 337,022 14.1% 2010 2,145,827 313,586 14.6% 2011 2,017,372 278,836 13.8% 2012 1,725,732 247,579 14.3% North Carolina DOT Annual RAP Use Fiscal Year (July-June) Total Asphalt (tons) RAP (tons) RAS (tons) Percentage of RAP 2011-2012 6,751,701 1,381,135 105,767 20.5% 2012-2013 6,651,695 1,449,226 119,779 21.8%

States’ Performance Data 137 North Dakota DOT Annual RAP Use Year Tons of Hot Bituminous Pavement Tons of RAP Percentage of RAP 2011 1,895,000 100,000 5.3% 2012 2,035,000 310,000 15.2% 2013 3,500,000 590,000 16.9% Pennsylvania DOT Annual RAP Use Year HMA (tons) RAP (tons) Percentage of RAP 2012 5,814,230 925,930 15.9% South Dakota DOT Annual RAP Use Year # of Projects Asphalt Concrete Quan€ty (tons) RAP Quan€ty (tons) Asphalt Binder Quan€ty (tons) Percentage of RAP 2007 36 783,413 26,604 45,438 3.1% 2008 42 1,040,962 83,856 60,376 7.1% 2009 48 1,514,054 168,300 44,544 9.7% 2010 88 2,073,298 197,045 107,812 8.3% 2011 69 1,612,074 131,796 83,828 7.2% 2012 72 1,509,394 136,951 78,488 7.9% 2013* 53 1,015,375 88,255 52,800 7.6% Utah DOT Annual RAP Use Year HMA (tons) WMA (tons) RAP (tons) Percentage of RAP 2011 1,052,181 335,242 220,958 15.9% 2012 1,361,482 525,126 342,311 18.1% 2013* 1,276,752 173,524 172,123 11.9% * Note: 2013 only includes information through September, although the bulk of pavement projects were completed for the year.

Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation

TRA N SPO RTATIO N RESEA RCH BO A RD 500 Fifth Street, N W W ashington, D C 20001 A D D RESS SERV ICE REQ U ESTED ISBN 978-0-309-37473-6 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 3 7 4 7 3 6 9 0 0 0 0 N O N -PR O FIT O R G . U .S. PO STA G E PA ID C O LU M B IA , M D PER M IT N O . 88 Environm ental Perform ance M easures for State D epartm ents of Transportation N CH RP Report 809 TRB