Effectiveness of Different Approaches to Disseminating Traveler Information on Travel Time Reliability (2013)

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182 a P P e N d I x d Questions 1–4: reliability Concepts Figure D.1 displays the computer screen participants viewed for Question 1. Questions 2 through 4 varied the underlined term—predictable, consistent, and best trip—as shown in Table D.1. Question 5: Importance of Trip Planning Factors Figure D.2 displays the computer screen participants viewed for Question 5, and Table D.2 summarizes the question responses. Questions 6–8: Terms for website Trip Planning Feature Links Figure D.3 displays the binder page that participants viewed before answering Question 6. Figures D.4, D.5, and D.6 show the computer screen visuals and results for Questions 6, 7, and 8, respectively. Tables D.3, D.4, and D.5 present the cor- responding response summaries. Questions 9–10: Terms to Convey Immediacy of departure Figure D.7 displays the visuals, and Table D.6 summarizes the results for Question 9, Version A. Other versions of this ques- tion substituted other terms for the red circled term Predict Trip shown in this figure, as reflected in the table. Figure D.8 displays the visuals, and Table D.7 summarizes the results for Question 10. Questions 11–12: Terms to describe departure and arrival Time Constraints Figure D.9 shows the visuals, and Table D.8 summarizes the responses for Question 11. Figure D.10 and Table D.9 show the visuals and responses for Question 12. Questions 13–14: Map and Travel Time output Terminology Figures D.11 and D.12 display the binder pages presented to participants before Question 13. Figure D.13 displays the visuals and Table D.10 summarizes the results for Ques- tion 13. Figure D.14 and Table D.11 display the visuals and results for Question 14. Questions 15–17: Trip Time output Terminology Figure D.15 displays the visuals for Question 15, Version A. In Versions B through D of the survey, the term average trip time was replaced by the terms shown in Table D.12. The table also summarizes the responses. Figure D.16 displays the visuals for Question 16, Version A. In Versions B through D of the survey, the term average trip time was replaced by the terms shown in Table D.13. The table also summarizes the Question 16 responses. Figure D.17 displays the visuals, and Table D.14 summa- rizes the responses for Question 17. Questions 18–20: Planning and Buffer Time Terminology Figure D.18 displays the visuals for Question 18, Version A. In Versions B through D of the survey, the term recom- mended departure time was replaced by the terms shown in Computer Survey Questions and Results Tables

183 Figure D.1. Question 1 visual. Table D.1. Questions 1–4 Response Summary Response Choice Question 1: Reliable (%) Question 2: Predictable (%) Question 3: Consistent (%) Question 4: Best Trip (%) 1. Laura (typical travel time) 40.00 42.33 49.33 47.67 2. Bob (large range of travel times) 8.00 10.67 5.67 8.33 3. Sue (maximum travel time) 39.00 37.00 39.33 26.67 4. Tom (small range of travel times) 13.00 10.00 5.67 17.33 Question 23: Preference for Travel Time distribution output Figure D.23 displays the visuals, and Table D.20 summarizes the responses for Question 23. Questions 24–26: Travel Time Variability Terminology Figure D.24 displays the visuals, and Table D.21 summarizes the responses for Question 24. Figure D.25 displays the visuals, and Table D.22 summa- rizes the responses for Question 25. Figure D.26 displays the visuals, and Table D.23 summarizes the responses for Question 26. Question 27: 95th Percentile Trip Time Terminology Figure D.27 displays the visuals, and Table D.24 summarizes the responses for Question 27. Question 28: System Trust Terminology Figure D.28 displays the visuals, and Table D.25 summarizes the responses for Question 28. Question 29: Travel Mode Shift Information Figure D.29 displays the visuals, and Table D.26 summarizes the responses for Question 29. Table D.15. The table also summarizes the Question 18 responses. Figure D.19 displays the visuals for Question 19, Version A. In Versions B through D of the survey, the term recom- mended departure time was replaced by the terms that are shown in Table D.16. The table also summarizes the Question 19 responses. Figure D.20 displays the visuals, and Table D.17 summa- rizes the responses for Question 20. Questions 21–22: Buffer Time Terminology Figure D.21 displays the visuals, and Table D.18 summarizes the responses for Question 21. Figure D.22 displays the visuals, and Table D.19 summa- rizes the responses for Question 22.

184 Figure D.3. Visual from binder used to introduce example traveler information website. Figure D.2. Question 5 visual. Table D.2. Question 5 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Least time 68.67 2. Fewest miles 13.00 3. Most predictable time 18.33 Total 100.00

185 Figure D.4. Question 6 visuals. Table D.3. Question 6 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. It will take me to a webpage that will allow me to enter information about a trip I want to take right now. 53.90 2. It will take me to webpage that will tell me what all the roadways in the area are like right now. 31.97 3. It will take me to a webpage that will allow me to enter information about a trip I want to take later in the day or tomorrow. 8.18 4. I don’t know. 5.95 Total 100.00

186 Table D.4. Question 7 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. It will take me to a webpage that will allow me to enter information about a trip I want to take right now. 1.12 2. It will take me to webpage that will tell me what all the roadways in the area are like right now. 4.83 3. It will take me to a webpage that will allow me to enter information about a trip I want to take later in the day or tomorrow. 81.41 4. Nothing, because there is no way to predict what a future trip would be like. 11.15 5. I don’t know. 1.49 Total 100.00 Figure D.5. Question 7 visuals.

187 Figure D.6. Question 8 visuals. Table D.5. Question 8 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Because the website does not know what day or time it is. 9.00 2. Because I am wanting information about a trip I am about to take right now. 35.33 3. Because I am wanting information about a trip I may take in the future. 51.67 4. I don’t know. 4.00 Total 100.00

188 Table D.6. Question 9 Response Summary Response Choice Version A: Predict Trip (%) Version B: Plan Trip (%) Version C: Create Trip (%) Version D: Get Trip (%) 1. The map will display the route with the shortest distance. 7.89 4.05 6.67 14.86 2. The website will give me step-by-step driving directions for my trip. 17.11 27.03 16.00 20.27 3. The website will tell me how long my trip will take right now. 6.58 8.11 1.33 5.41 4. The website will tell me how long my trip will take for the date/time I enter. 63.16 56.76 72.00 58.11 5. The website will show me if there are any accidents or construction on my trip right now. 1.32 1.35 0.00 0.00 6. It will do nothing. 2.63 1.35 2.67 0.00 7. I don’t know. 1.32 2.70 1.33 1.35 Figure D.7. Question 9 visuals. (Circled term used varied by version.)

189 Figure D.8. Question 10 visuals. Table D.7. Question 10 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Predict trip 28.33 2. Plan trip 24.67 3. Create trip 14.33 4. Get trip 7.00 5. Submit 17.67 6. Go 4.33 7. OK 3.67 Total 100.00

190 Figure D.9. Question 11 visual. *No binder slide viewed* Table D.8. Question 11 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Leave at 23.33 2. Leave by 7.00 3. Departing at 34.67 4. Departing by 8.00 5. What’s the earliest you can start your trip? 4.33 6. What’s the latest you can start your trip? 1.33 7. What time will you start your trip? 21.33 Total 100.00

191 Figure D.10. Question 12 visual. *No binder slide viewed* Table D.9. Question 12 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Arrive at 33.33 2. Arrive by 47.00 3. What time do you want to get there? 14.33 4. What’s the earliest you can arrive? 1.67 5. What’s the latest you can arrive? 3.67 Total 100.00

192 Figure D.11. Binder screenshot introducing map-based output screen.

193 Figure D.12. Binder screenshot of map output showing trip route and travel times.

194 Figure D.13. Question 13 visuals. Table D.10. Question 13 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Map of Forest City 17.67 2. Road segments with available travel information 32.00 3. Road segments with historical data 10.67 4. Forest City’s available travel information 33.67 5. Forest City’s historical data 6.00 Total 100.00

195 Figure D.14. Question 14 visuals. Table D.11. Question 14 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Best route 49.00 2. Least variable time 2.00 3. Most consistent trip 6.00 4. Most reliable trip 15.00 5. Most predicable trip 7.33 6. Forecasted trip 18.00 7. Historical trip conditions 2.67 Total 100.00

196 Figure D.15. Question 15 visuals. (Circled term used varied by version.) Table D.12. Question 15 Response Summary Response Choice Version A: Average Trip Time (%) Version B: Typical Trip Time (%) Version C: Historical Trip Time (%) Version D: Estimated Trip Time (%) 1. Almost never (1 day out of 20) 11.84 9.72 8.00 8.11 2. Less than half the time (5 days out of 20) 11.84 2.78 12.00 13.51 3. About half the time (10 days out of 20) 18.42 16.67 14.67 13.51 4. Most of the time (15 days out of 20) 38.16 58.33 45.33 48.65 5. Nearly all the time (19 days out of 20) 19.74 16.67 20.00 16.22

197 Figure D.16. Question 16 visuals. (Circled term used varied by version.) Table D.13. Question 16 Response Summary by Version Response Choice Version A: 95th Percentile Trip Time (%) Version B: Worst-Case Trip Time (%) Version C: Maximum Trip Time (%) Version D: Most Common Trip Time (%) 1. Almost never (1 day out of 20) 9.21 16.00 4.00 9.46 2. Less than half the time (5 days out of 20) 10.53 32.00 21.33 13.51 3. About half the time (10 days out of 20) 15.79 13.33 21.33 17.57 4. Most of the time (15 days out of 20) 27.63 17.33 24.00 43.24 5. Nearly all the time (19 days out of 20) 36.84 21.33 29.33 16.22

198 Figure D.17. Question 17 visuals. Table D.14. Question 17 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Average trip time 33.00 2. Typical trip time 9.00 3. Historical trip time 4.00 4. Estimated trip time 43.33 5. 95th percentile trip time 3.00 6. Worst-case trip time 1.67 7. Maximum trip time 6.00 Total 100.00

199 Figure D.18. Question 18 visuals. (Circled term used varied by version.) Table D.15. Question 18 Response Summary Response Choice Version A: Recommended Departure Time (%) Version B: Estimated Departure Time (%) Version C: 95th Percentile Departure Time (%) Version D: Suggested Departure Time (%) 1. Almost never (1 day out of 20) 2.67 5.33 4.00 1.37 2. Less than half the time (5 days out of 20) 4.00 4.00 2.67 5.48 3. About half the time (10 days out of 20) 18.67 10.67 13.33 19.18 4. Most of the time (15 days out of 20) 58.67 65.33 41.33 52.05 5. Nearly all the time (19 days out of 20) 17.33 14.67 38.67 23.29

200 Figure D.19. Question 19 visuals. (Circled term used varied by version.) Table D.16. Question 19 Response Summary Response Choice Version A: Recommended Departure Time (%) Version B: Estimated Departure Time (%) Version C: 95th Percentile Departure Time (%) Version D: Suggested Departure Time (%) 1. 20 minutes before departure time shown 35.53 36.00 29.33 35.14 2. 10 minutes before departure time shown 27.63 34.67 34.67 35.14 3. 5 minutes before departure time shown 14.47 20.00 16.00 18.92 4. At departure time shown 18.42 4.00 17.33 6.76 5. 5 minutes after departure time shown 2.63 1.33 1.33 0.00 6. 10 minutes after departure time shown 0.00 4.00 0.00 2.70 7. 15 minutes after departure time shown 1.32 0.00 1.33 1.35

201 Figure D.20. Question 20 visuals. Table D.17. Question 20 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Recommended departure time 47.00 2. Estimated departure time 21.00 3. 95th percentile departure time 4.33 4. Suggested departure time 27.67 Total 100.00

202 Figure D.21. Question 21 visuals. Table D.18. Question 21 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Yes 88.33 2. No 11.67 Total 100.00

203 Figure D.22. Question 22 visuals. Table D.19. Question 22 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Buffer 10.33 2. Departure window 28.00 3. Leeway 15.67 4. Cushion 13.33 5. Extra 32.67 Total 100.00

204 Figure D.23. Question 23 visuals. Table D.20. Question 23 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. An average time 30.67 2. A worst-case time 8.00 3. A range of times it could take 28.67 4. The best case time it could take 7.00 5. The most likely time it will take 24.33 6. The time where half the trips would take longer and half would take shorter 1.33 Total 100.00

205 *No binder slide viewed* Figure D.24. Question 24 visuals. Table D.21. Question 24 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Forecasted 5.33 2. Anticipated 7.33 3. Estimated 56.00 4. Probable 1.67 5. Likely 10.67 6. Reliable 6.00 7. Predicted 13.00 Total 100.00

206 *No binder slide viewed* Figure D.25. Question 25 visuals. Table D.22. Question 25 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Differ 7.00 2. Vary 59.33 3. Fluctuate 10.67 4. Change 8.33 5. Go up or down 0.33 6. Increase or decrease 6.00 7. Deviate 8.33 Total 100.00

207 *No binder slide viewed* Figure D.26. Question 26 visuals. Table D.23. Question 26 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. About 7.33 2. Approximately 69.00 3. Give or take 1.33 4. An estimate of 8.67 5. Around 1.33 6. Roughly 2.00 7. An average of 10.33 Total 100.00

208 Figure D.27. Question 27 visuals. Table D.24. Question 27 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. It will take 95% of the provided trip time to arrive. 6.00 2. 95 times out of 100 it will take the provided time to arrive. 44.00 3. The system is 95% confident that its provided time is accurate. 32.33 4. 95 times out of 100 it will take at or less than the provided time to arrive. 13.67 5. The time it takes you to complete 95% of the distance of your trip. 1.33 6. I don’t know. 2.67 Total 100.00

209 *No binder slide viewed* Figure D.28. Question 28 visuals. Table D.25. Question 28 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. It is 95% reliable that your travel time will be 45 minutes. 33.67 2. 19 out of 20 times your travel time will be 45 minutes. 9.00 3. Your maximum trip time is 45 minutes. 38.33 4. There is low variability to your trip time of 45 minutes. 3.00 5. The worst case travel time is 45 minutes. 6.67 6. The system is very certain that your trip will take 45 minutes. 9.33 Total 100.00

210 Figure D.29. Question 29 visuals. Table D.26. Question 29 Response Summary Response Choice Percentage 1. Yes 76.33 2. No 23.67 Total 100.00