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E-1 Air Carrier: The FAA definition is an aircraft with seating capacity of more than 60 seats or a maximum payload capacity of more than 18,000 pounds carrying passengers or cargo for hire or compensation. Air Taxi: The FAA definition is an aircraft designed to have a maximum seating capacity of 60 seats or less or a maximum payload capacity of 18,000 pounds or less carrying pas- sengers or cargo for hire or compensation. Small regional jets and turboprop aircraft in scheduled service are considered air taxi in FAA statistics. Aircraft Operation: An aircraft take-off or landing. Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT): An environmental analysis tool for noise and air quality being developed for the FAA that will replace the INM and EDMS models. Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP): Program authorized by Congress and sponsored by the FAA with the goal of developing near-term, practical solutions to problems faced by airport operators. Air Traffic Activity System (ATADS): A summary of tower counts that includes itinerant air carrier, air taxi, general aviation, and military operations, along with local civil and military operations, on a daily, monthly and annual basis. Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT): A structure from which air traffic control personnel control the movement of aircraft on or around the airport. Average Day in the Peak Month (ADPM): Defined as peak month passengers or operations divided by the number of days in the month. Average Weekday in the Peak Month (AWDPM): Defined as the number of weekday passengers or operations in the peak month divided by the number of weekdays in the peak month. Bag Claim Device: Typically a mechanical device designed to hold and display checked luggage for passengers to claim upon arriving at their destination airport. Belly Hold: Portion of aircraft below the passenger compartment frequently used to store luggage and cargo. Clock Hour: A 60 minute period that begins at the beginning of the hour. For example 1:00 pm through 1:59 pm represents a clock hour; 1:35 pm through 2:34 pm does not. Cloning: A process of expanding a design day schedule by duplicating flights, usually including a small random adjustment to the flight time to avoid exact duplication. A p p e n d i x e Glossary
E-2 preparing peak period and Operational profilesâGuidebook Connecting Bank: A group of aircraft, operated by a single airline system, which arrives at an airport within a narrow time interval, exchanges passengers, and then departs, also within a narrow time interval. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), U.S.: Agency under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) with the priority mission of keeping terrorists and their weapons out of the United States. It also has a responsibility for securing and facilitating trade and travel while enforcing U.S. regulations, including immigration and drug laws. Data Input Day: A representative day, for which detailed schedule or operational data is avail- able, used to determine passenger and operational distributions in design day profiles. The data input day does need to exactly correspond to the design day. Day/Night Split: Distribution of aircraft operations between daytime (7 am to 10 pm) and night- time (10 pm to 7 am). Departure Lounge: Interior area within an airport terminal where passengers wait just prior to boarding aircraft. Deplane (Deplanement): Act of getting off an aircraft; passenger getting off an aircraft. Derivative Operational Profiles: Operational profiles that are derived from the traditional pas- senger and aircraft operation profiles, usually by applying a lead or lag factor, to assess loads on specific terminal or landside facilities. Design Day: A representative busy day selected for planning, intended to strike a balance between providing capacity for most periods without incurring the cost of designing for the single busiest day of the year. Design Day Schedule: A constructed schedule showing individual aircraft arrivals and departures by time of day and aircraft type, which can also show airline, origin/destination, and passen- gers associated with each flight, depending on the level of detail required. Domestic Travel: Typically, that portion of air travel within the borders of a particular country; may also include travel from pre-clear origins within Canada and the Caribbean. Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS): Model currently used to estimate airport air quality impacts. Enplane (Enplanement): Act of boarding an aircraft; passenger getting on an aircraft. Enhanced Traffic Management System (ETMS): FAA database of instrument flight operations that includes airline, aircraft type, and time and location of origin and destination. Enhanced Traffic Management System Counts (ETMSC): Publicly available summary of ETMS data. EPA: Environmental Protection Agency. Fare Class: Typically, premium or first class tickets and less expensive coach tickets. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): Agency under the U.S. Department of Transportation, responsible for both ensuring safety of and promoting aviation industry. Federal Inspection Service (FIS): Facility operated by U.S. CBP, designed to process arriving international passengers and their luggage. Fratar algorithm: A method of distributing projected traffic growth by route while ensuring that projected totals in each market are met and that time-of-day distributions in each market remain unchanged.
Glossary E-3 Gate: Passageway through which passengers embark or disembark from an aircraft. General Aviation: The FAA defines general aviation as take-offs and landings of all civil aircraft, except those classified as air carriers or air taxis. Hub Airport: General industry definition is an airport at which a significant amount of connect- ing passenger activity occurs. Also an FAA classification of airports according to how many passengers they accommodate annually. IFR Flights: Fights operated under instrument flight rules which indicate that the pilot is autho- rized to fly by instruments under conditions where visibility is impaired. Integrated Carrier: All-cargo carriers, such as FedEx and UPS, which provide door-to-door service including freight forwarding and ground transportation. Integrated Noise Model (INM): Model used to estimate airport noise impacts. International Travel: Typically, that portion of air travel outside the borders of a particular country. Lag Time: The interval between the time an aircraft arrives at a gate and the average time a deplan- ing passenger arrives at a given airport facility. Lead Time: The interval between the time an enplaning passenger arrives at a given facility, such as a ticketing kiosk, and the time his or her flight departs the gate. Level of Service (LOS): A measure of the quality of service provided by a facility. For example, as it relates to terminals, LOS A would be defined as no congestion, free-flow and excellent level of comfort, and LOS F would be defined as extreme congestion, unstable flow with unacceptable delays, near system breakdown and unacceptable level of comfort. Master Plan: Document outlining the general, long-term development strategy for a facility to meet projected activity. Nautical Mile: A unit of measure equal to 1.15078 statute miles. Non-revenue Passenger: Typically, airline passenger or family member working for the airline industry flying at no cost. Frequent flyer passengers flying on award tickets are classified as revenue passengers in US DOT statistics. O&DâOrigin and Destination Passenger Traffic: See definitions of originations and terminations. Official Airline Guide (OAG): Provides a database for scheduled airline activity; available in hard copy (monthly) or electronically. Operational Profile: The distribution of arriving and departing passengers or aircraft operations by time of day during the design day. It can be a design day profile, a design schedule, or a day/night stage length distribution. Operations Network (OPSNET): FAA source of data that provides information on operations for all FAA and FAA-contracted towered airports in the U.S. Originations: Passengers who are beginning their air travel at an airport, having arrived by some form of ground transportation. Noise Integrated Routing System (NIRS): A noise evaluation system designed to provide an analysis of air traffic changes over large regions Passenger Security Screening Checkpoint (PSSCP): Operated by TSA, a screening checkpoint examines both passengers and their carry-on belongings for items that are banned from the passenger compartment of a commercial aircraft.
E-4 preparing peak period and Operational profilesâGuidebook Peak Period: A period of time, often called the peak hour, representing the typical high flow of passenger or aircraft operations activity that must be accommodated by a given airport facility. Like the design day, it is intended to strike a balance between providing capacity for most periods without incurring the cost of designing for the single busiest period of the year. Peak Spreading: The tendency of peaks of passengers and aircraft operations to decline as a percentage of daily activity, as an airport becomes busier. Performance Data Analysis and Reporting System (PDARS): Joint FAA/NASA program for track- ing flight data to measure facility performance. Pre-cleared Airport: An international airport where passengers headed for the United States can go through the CBP process, thereby avoiding processing upon landing at their U.S. destination. Processing Rate: Number of entities that a single resource can process in a given unit of time. Processing Time: Time interval between the beginning of a process on one entity and the begin- ning of a process on the next entity, assuming a constant rate of demand and a queue. Regional Carrier: Airlines that operate small aircraft, usually under contract or a code-sharing agreement with a larger air carrier. Historically, regional carriers have operated aircraft with fewer than 60 seats, but they are increasingly operating aircraft with 70 or more seats. Revenue Passenger: Passenger paying a fare on a flight; includes passengers traveling on redeemed frequent flier miles. Scaling: A process by which a mix of aircraft operations or passengers is increased or decreased proportionately to match a target level. Scheduled Seat Arrivals: The sum of the seats in each scheduled arriving passenger flight over a given period of time. Scheduled Seat Departures: The sum of the seats in each scheduled departing passenger flight over a given period of time. Seat Factors: Also known as enplaning or deplaning load factors. They are calculated by divid- ing passenger enplanements by aircraft seat departures or dividing passenger deplanements by aircraft seat arrivals. Seat factors differ slightly from load factors which are calculated by dividing revenue passenger miles by available seat miles. SIMMOD: Computerized airport and airspace SIMulation MODel. Spoke Airport: An airport where almost all passenger traffic is O&D. Stage Length: The distance an aircraft travels between take-off and landing. Standard Instrument Departure (SID): Published flight procedures for aircraft on an IFR flight plan immediately after take-off. Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR): Published flight procedures for aircraft on an IFR flight plan immediately preceding landing. TAAM: Total Airport and Airspace Modelerâa computerized simulation model. Terminal Area Forecast (TAF): Annual FAA forecast of passenger and operations activity at approximately 3000 airports in the United States Terminations: Passengers who are ending their air travel at an airport and are leaving by some form of ground transportation. (Also, destinations.)
Glossary E-5 Throughput Capacity: The maximum number of units (passengers or aircraft operations) that an airport facility can process within a specified time interval. Transportation Research Board (TRB): Part of the nonprofit National Research Council; pro- vides leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and informa- tion exchange. Ticket Counter/Check-in Counter: Portion of airport terminal where departing passengers purchase tickets, check in for flights, change itineraries, etc. Transportation Security Administration (TSA): Responsible for protecting the U.S. transportation system; operates under the DHS. Turnaround-time: The time interval between an aircraftâs arrival at the gate and its departure. Typically refers to the minimum time needed to prepare an arriving aircraft for its out- bound flight. VFR flights: Flights operated under Visual Flight Rules which indicate that visibility and weather conditions are such that the pilot can see where the aircraft is going. Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC): Weather conditions under which VFR flights are permitted. Wingtip-to-wingtip flights: Multiple flights scheduled by a single airline between a single market pair within a few minutes of each other, typically within the same connecting bank.
Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACIâNA Airports Council InternationalâNorth America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation
