Extending Bridge Service Life Through Field Welded Repairs and Retrofits (2016)

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57 APPENDIX C Summary of Survey Results State State Yes/No Yes/No Alaska Yes Arizona Yes Arkansas Yes California Yes Connecticut Yes Delaware Yes Florida Yes Hawaii Yes Idaho No Illinois No Indiana No Iowa No Kansas Yes Kentucky No Louisiana No Maine Yes Maryland Yes Massachusetts Yes Michigan Yes Minnesota Yes Missouri Yes Montana No Nebraska Yes Nevada Yes New Hampshire Yes New Jersey No New Mexico Yes New York Yes North Carolina Yes North Dakota Yes Ohio Yes Oregon Yes Pennsylvania No Rhode Island Yes South Carolina Yes South Dakota Yes Tennessee Yes Texas Yes Utah No Vermont Yes Washington No Wisconsin Yes Wyoming Yes TABLE C1 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 1. DOES YOUR AGENCY ALLOW PLANNED FIELD WELDING REPAIRS/RETROFITS? State L ac k of Ex pe ri en ce d In sp ec to rs La ck o f Q ua lif ie d Su pe rv iso rs o r A dm in Qu ali ty of W or k U nf am ili ar W ith A pp ro pr ia te D et ai ls Pa st Is su es Ex pe ns iv e o r Ti m e C on su m in g U nf am ili ar W ith Pr oc es s a nd /o r W el di ng Other (Please Specify) Idaho X Note 1 Illinois X X Indiana X X Iowa X X X Kansas Kentucky X X X Louisiana X X X X Montana X X X X New Jersey X Pennsylvania X Note 2 Utah X X X X Washington Past performance Wisconsin Wyoming Note 1: Welding to a member that is under stress/load. Note 2: A structural bolted connection is preferred. Field welded repairs are only used as a last resort where there is no room to develop a bolted connection. TABLE C2 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 2. WHY NOT? (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 was “no”)

58 State State Yes/No Yes/No Idaho No Illinois No Indiana No Iowa No Kentucky No Louisiana Yes Montana No Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey No Pennsylvania Yes Utah No Washington No TABLE C3 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 3. HAS YOUR AGENCY EVER PERFORMED PLANNED FIELD WELDING IN THE PAST? (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 was “no”) State State Yes/No/Unknown Yes/No/Unknown Alaska No Arizona Yes Arkansas Yes California Yes Connecticut No Delaware No Florida No Hawaii No Kansas No Louisiana No Maine Yes Maryland No Massachusetts No Michigan Yes Minnesota No Missouri Yes Nebraska No Nevada Yes New Hampshire Yes New Mexico Yes New York No North Carolina Yes North Dakota No Ohio Yes Oregon No Pennsylvania Yes Rhode Island No South Carolina Unknown South Dakota No Tennessee No Texas No Vermont No Wisconsin Yes Wyoming Yes TABLE C4 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 4. DOES YOUR AGENCY HAVE STANDARD PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, PROCEDURES, OR DETAILS FOR CERTAIN FIELD WELDED REPAIRS? (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 or question 3 was “yes”) State State Always/Sometimes/ Never/Unknown Always/Sometimes/ Never/Unknown Alaska Always Arizona Always Arkansas Sometimes California Always Connecticut Always Delaware Always Florida Unknown Hawaii Always Kansas Always Louisiana Sometimes Maine Always Maryland Always Massachusetts Always Michigan Always Minnesota Sometimes Missouri Always Nebraska Always Nevada Always New Hampshire Always New Mexico Always New York Always North Carolina Sometimes North Dakota Always Ohio Always Oregon Always Pennsylvania Unknown Rhode Island Always South Carolina Sometimes South Dakota Always Tennessee Always Texas Always Vermont Always Wisconsin Always Wyoming Always TABLE C5 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 5. WAS THERE A GOVERNING SPECIFICATION OR WELDING CODE? (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 or question 3 was “yes”)

59 State Response Alaska AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code Arizona AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Arkansas AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code California AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Connecticut AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code Delaware AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Hawaii AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Kansas AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Louisiana AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Maine AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Maryland AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Massachusetts AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Michigan AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Minnesota AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Missouri Other (Combination of AASHTO/AWS D 1.5 and Internal Standard Specifications and Job Special Provisions) Nebraska AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code Nevada AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code New Hampshire AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code New Mexico AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code New York Other (NYS Steel Construction Manual) North Carolina AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code North Dakota AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Ohio AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Oregon AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Rhode Island AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code South Carolina AASHTO/AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code South Dakota AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Tennessee AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Texas AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Vermont AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Wisconsin AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code Wyoming AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code TABLE C6 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 6. WHAT WAS THE GOVERNING SPECIFICATION OR WELD CODE? (Question only available for response if answer to question 5 was “always” or “sometimes”) State Fatigue Improvement1 Capacity Strengthening2 Corrosion/Impact Damage Strengthening3 Other (Please Specify) Alaska X X Arizona X X Arkansas X X X California X X X Connecticut X Delaware X Florida X Hawaii X Kansas X X X Louisiana X Maine X X Maryland X Massachusetts X X X Michigan X Minnesota X Missouri X X X TABLE C7 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 7. HAVE YOU PERFORMED THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF FIELD WELDED REPAIR/RETROFITS? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY. (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 or question 3 was “yes”) (continued on next page)

60 State Response State Response Alaska Both Arizona Contracted out Arkansas Both California Contracted out Connecticut Contracted out Delaware Contracted out Florida In-house Hawaii Contracted out Kansas Contracted out Louisiana In-house Maine Contracted out Maryland Contracted out Massachusetts Contracted out Michigan Both Minnesota Both Missouri Both Nebraska Contracted out Nevada Contracted out Contracted out New Hampshire New Mexico Contracted out New York Both North Carolina Both North Dakota Contracted out Ohio Contracted out Oregon Contracted out Pennsylvania Both Rhode Island Contracted out South Carolina In-house South Dakota Contracted out Tennessee Contracted out Texas Both Vermont Both Wisconsin Both Wyoming Contracted out TABLE C8 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 8. WAS/IS FIELD WELDING PERFORMED BY IN-HOUSE STAFF OF WAS/IS IT CONTRACTED OUT? (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 or question 3 was “yes”) State Fatigue Improvement1 Capacity Strengthening2 Corrosion/Impact Damage Strengthening3 Other (Please Specify) Nebraska X Nevada X X New Hampshire X X New Mexico X X X New York X X X North Carolina X X X North Dakota X Ohio X Oregon X X X Pennsylvania X X Note 1 Rhode Island X X X South Carolina Note 2 South Dakota X X X Tennessee X Texas X X X Vermont X X Wisconsin X X X Wyoming X X 1Out-of-plane/distortion-induced cracking, etc. 2Ex. Adding cover plates to a rolled beam bridge. 3Ex. Repair/retrofit of damaged members. Note 1: Field welded strengthening repairs have been commonly used to address corrosion of old steel truss bridges >90 years of age) especially on locally owned ones. The repairs are typically on the bottom chord as it is more susceptible to corrosion. Note 2: Reconnect secondary members and add plates in compression zones. TABLE C7 (continued)

61 State Yes/No/Unknown State Yes/No/Unknown Alaska Yes Arizona Yes Arkansas No California Yes Connecticut Yes Delaware Yes Florida Unknown Hawaii Unknown Kansas Yes Louisiana Unknown Maine Yes Maryland Yes Massachusetts Yes Michigan Yes Minnesota Yes Missouri Yes Nebraska Yes Nevada Yes New Hampshire Yes New Mexico Yes New York Yes North Carolina Yes North Dakota Yes Ohio Yes Oregon Yes Pennsylvania Unknown Rhode Island Yes South Carolina Yes South Dakota Yes Tennessee Yes Texas Yes Vermont Yes Wisconsin Yes Wyoming Yes TABLE C9 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 9. WERE WELDERS CERTIFIED ACCORDING TO THE CONTROLLING WELDING CODE? (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 or question 3 was “yes”) State Always/Sometimes/Never/Unknown State Always/Sometimes/ Never/Unknown Alaska Sometimes Arizona Always Arkansas Sometimes California Always Connecticut Always Delaware Unknown Florida Unknown Hawaii Always Kansas Always Louisiana Sometimes Maine Always Maryland Sometimes Massachusetts Always Michigan Sometimes Minnesota Sometimes Missouri Always Nebraska Always Nevada Always New Hampshire Always New Mexico Always New York Always North Carolina Sometimes North Dakota Always Ohio Always Oregon Always Pennsylvania Sometimes Rhode Island Sometimes South Carolina Sometimes South Dakota Always Tennessee Always Texas Always Vermont Always Wisconsin Sometimes Wyoming Always TABLE C10 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 10. WERE PLANS/SPECIFICATIONS PREPARED BEFORE THE WORK WAS PERFORMED? (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 or question 3 was “yes”)

62 State Weld Procedures Inspection Procedures Welder Qualifications Visual Inspect or Qualifications (QA/QC) NDT Qualifications (QA/QC) Alaska X X X X X Arizona X X Arkansas X X California X X X X X Kansas X X X X X Maine X X X X X Maryland X X X X X Massachusetts X X X Michigan X X X X Minnesota X X X X X Missouri X X X Nevada X X X X X New Hampshire X X X X X New Mexico X X X X X New York X X X X X North Carolina X X North Dakota X Oregon X X X X X Pennsylvania X X Rhode Island X X South Carolina X X X X X South Dakota X X X X X Tennessee X X X X Texas X X Vermont X X Wisconsin X X Wyoming X X TABLE C12 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 12. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS WERE TYPICALLY INCLUDED IN THE FIELD PROCEDURES? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY. (Question only available for response if answer to question 11 was “always” or “sometimes”) State Always/Sometimes/ Never/Unknown State Always/Sometimes/ Never/Unknown Alaska Sometimes Arizona Sometimes Arkansas Sometimes California Always Connecticut Always Delaware Unknown Florida Unknown Hawaii Unknown Kansas Always Louisiana Unknown Maine Always Maryland Always Massachusetts Always Michigan Sometimes Minnesota Sometimes Missouri Sometimes Nebraska Unknown Nevada Always New Hampshire Always New Mexico Always New York Always North Carolina Sometimes North Dakota Sometimes Ohio Never Oregon Always Pennsylvania Sometimes Rhode Island Always South Carolina Sometimes South Dakota Always Tennessee Always Texas Sometimes Vermont Always Wisconsin Sometimes Wyoming Always TABLE C11 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 11. WERE FIELD WELDING AND/OR INSPECTION PROCEDURES PREPARED BEFORE WORK WAS PERFORMED? (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 or question 3 was “yes”)

63 State Always/Sometimes/ Never/Unknown State Always/Sometimes/ Never/Unknown Alaska Sometimes Arizona Sometimes Arkansas Never California Always Connecticut Always Delaware Unknown Florida Unknown Hawaii Unknown Kansas Always Louisiana Unknown Maine Sometimes Maryland Sometimes Massachusetts Always Michigan Unknown Minnesota Sometimes Missouri Never Nebraska Unknown Nevada Always New Hampshire Sometimes New Mexico Always New York Always North Carolina Sometimes North Dakota Never Ohio Never Oregon Always Pennsylvania Sometimes Rhode Island Sometimes South Carolina Sometimes South Dakota Sometimes Tennessee Always Texas Always Vermont Sometimes Wisconsin Unknown Wyoming Always TABLE C13 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 13. ARE WELDING INSPECTORS REQUIRED ON-SITE TO INSPECT FIELD WELDS? (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 or question 3 was “yes”) State Always/Sometimes/ Never/Unknown State Always/Sometimes/ Never/Unknown Alaska Sometimes Arizona Always Arkansas Sometimes California Always Connecticut Always Delaware Unknown Florida Unknown Hawaii Sometimes Kansas Always Louisiana Sometimes Maine Always Maryland Sometimes Massachusetts Sometimes Michigan Always Minnesota Sometimes Missouri Sometimes Nebraska Always Nevada Always New Hampshire Always New Mexico Sometimes New York Always North Carolina Sometimes North Dakota Never Ohio Sometimes Oregon Always Pennsylvania Sometimes Rhode Island Sometimes South Carolina Sometimes South Dakota Sometimes Tennessee Always Texas Sometimes Vermont Always Wisconsin Sometimes Wyoming Always TABLE C14 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 14. IS NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING REQUIRED ON FIELD WELDS? (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 or question 3 was “yes”)

64 State Always/Sometimes/ Never/Unknown State Always/Sometimes/ Never/Unknown Alaska Sometimes Arizona Always Arkansas Always California Always Connecticut Always Delaware Unknown Florida Unknown Hawaii Unknown Kansas Always Louisiana Unknown Maine Always Maryland Sometimes Massachusetts Sometimes Michigan Sometimes Minnesota Sometimes Missouri Unknown Nebraska Sometimes Nevada Always New Hampshire Always New Mexico Sometimes New York Always North Carolina Sometimes North Dakota Never Ohio Sometimes Oregon Always Pennsylvania Sometimes Rhode Island Sometimes South Carolina Always South Dakota Always Tennessee Always Texas Sometimes Vermont Sometimes Wisconsin Sometimes Wyoming Always TABLE C15 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 15. ARE BASE METAL MATERIAL PROPERTIES DETERMINED PRIOR TO FIELD WELDING? (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 or question 3 was “yes”) State Shop Drawings Mill Test Reports Material Samples (Coupon Testing) Using Date Built Information Other (Please Specify) Alaska X X Arizona X Arkansas X X California X X Connecticut X X Design drawings Kansas X X X Maine X X X X Maryland X Massachusetts X X X X Michigan X X Minnesota X X X Nebraska X X X X Nevada X X X New Hampshire X New Mexico X New York X X X Note 1 North Carolina X As-built drawings Ohio X X Oregon X X X Pennsylvania X X Rhode Island X X X South Carolina X Plans South Dakota X X X X Tennessee X X Texas X X X X Vermont X X X X Wisconsin X X Wyoming X Note 1: Contract plans (Mill Test Reports are not available on old bridges). TABLE C16 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 16. HOW WERE THE BASE METAL MATERIAL PROPERTIES TYPICALLY DETERMINED FOR WELDABILITY? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY. (Question only available for response if answer to question 11 was “always” or “sometimes”)

65 State Premature Cracking Improper Welding Quality Worksmanship1 Not Installed Per Plans/Specs Other (Please Specify) Arizona X California X X Maryland X X North Carolina X X X 1Good workmanship practices not followed. TABLE C18 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 18. WHAT WERE THE ISSUES? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY. (Question only available for response if answer to question 17 was “yes”) State Yes/No/Unknown State Yes/No/Unknown Alaska No Arizona Yes Arkansas No California Yes Connecticut No Delaware No Florida Unknown Hawaii No Kansas No Louisiana Unknown Maine No Maryland Yes Massachusetts No Michigan Unknown Minnesota No Missouri No Nebraska Unknown Nevada No New Hampshire No New Mexico Unknown New York No North Carolina Yes North Dakota No Ohio No Oregon No Pennsylvania Unknown Rhode Island No South Carolina No South Dakota No Tennessee No Texas No Vermont No Wisconsin No Wyoming No TABLE C17 RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTION 17. HAVE THERE BEEN ANY MAJOR PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE REPAIRS/RETROFITS SPECIFICALLY RELATED TO THE FACT THAT THEY WERE FIELD WELDS? (Question only available for response if answer to question 1 or question 3 was “yes”)

Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation

TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 5 0 0 F ifth S tre e t, N W W a s h in g to n , D C 2 0 0 0 1 A D D R ESS SER VICE R EQ UESTED NO N-PRO FIT O RG . U.S. PO STAG E PA ID CO LUM BIA, M D PER M IT NO . 88 ISBN 978-0-309-27209-4 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 2 7 2 0 9 4 9 0 0 0 0