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38 Chapter 4. Data Collection A three-phase data collection process was employed to capture the current CTD practices of state highway agencies (see Figure 4-1). First, a short online questionnaire survey was used to generate interest from DOTs in the research project. Potential CTD experts of 50 state DOTs were identified and invited to participate in the survey. The questionnaire was developed using Qualtrics, an online survey platform, to facilitate the respondentsâ response process. Each participant received an email invitation with a link to access and complete the questionnaire online, followed by reminder emails. Since the survey only took about five minutes to complete, it received 59 respondents from 42 states. The first survey also helped filter out participants unfamiliar with their agenciesâ CTD practices. Second, a more extensive survey was deployed to collect general information about DOTsâ practices. The participants from the 42 states in the short survey and additional contact points from the DOTs were invited to gather their agencyâs practices. Although the extensive survey took much more time to complete (more than 30 minutes) than the short one, 49 responses were collected from 39 states due to the positive effect of the short survey and an intensive interaction process with the respondents. Finally, face-to-face interviews and online interviews were used to learn more about the DOTsâ CTD systems. Seven face-to-face interviews and 14 online interviews were conducted. Figure 4-1. Data collection process. Information related to CTD practices from 44 DOTs out of 50 states (88 percent) was collected via at least one of the three data collection methods: the short questionnaire survey (A), 1) Identify potential participants 2) Send invitation emails 3) Send first reminder emails 4) Send second reminder emails 1) Find additional contact points 2) Send invitation emails 3) Send first reminder emails 4) Send second reminder emails 5) Make phone calls 1) Contact DOT experts to set up face-to-face or online interviews 2) Conduct face-to-face or online interviews Extensive survey (B) Short survey (A) Interviews (C) 1) Face-to-face 2) Online 1) 59 respondents 2) 42 states 1) 49 respondents 2) 39 states 1) 7 face-to-face interviews 2) 14 online interviews 3) 20 highway agencies Interaction process Responses
39 the extensive questionnaire survey (B), and interviews (C). Figure 4-2 displays the participation status of state highway agencies in detail. Figure 4-2. Data collection map. Note: A: Short survey B: Extensive survey C: Interview A + B + C B + C A + B A B No feedback
