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Closing the Opportunity Gap for Young Children (2023)

Chapter: Appendix A: A Total Population of Children Ages 08 by Race/Ethnicity and Nativity, 2020

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: A Total Population of Children Ages 08 by Race/Ethnicity and Nativity, 2020." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Closing the Opportunity Gap for Young Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26743.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: A Total Population of Children Ages 08 by Race/Ethnicity and Nativity, 2020." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Closing the Opportunity Gap for Young Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26743.
×

TABLE A-1 Total Population of Children Ages 0–8, by Race/Ethnicity and Nativity, 2020

Total Hispanic White Black Asian Multirace American Indian
Children in immigrant families 8,793,886 4,406,640 1,435,997 807,551 1,563,789 570,192 9,717
Foreign born (first generation) 719,211 261,688 119,142 83,403 224,156 30,532 290
U.S. born (second generation) 8,074,675 4,144,952 1,316,855 724,148 1,339,633 539,660 9,427
Children in nonimmigrant families 25,353,226 4,359,369 15,368,463 3,560,586 211,908 1,643,173 209,727
Total children living with parents 34,147,112 8,766,009 16,804,460 4,368,137 1,775,697 2,213,365 219,444
Children not living with parents 1,256,636 266,075 536,881 308,609 29,938 90,909 24,224
Foreign born (first generation) 33,917 16,379 4,809 4,616 6,418 1,562 133
U.S. born (immigrant status unknown) 1,222,719 249,696 532,072 303,993 23,520 89,347 24,091
Total child population 35,403,748 9,032,084 17,341,341 4,676,746 1,805,635 2,304,274 243,668

NOTES: Immigrant families include at least one foreign-born parent. U.S.-born children include those born abroad with at least one U.S.-born parent. Children in nonimmigrant families are U.S. born and parents are U.S. born. Racial groups include only non-Hispanic members. Hispanic people may be of any race. American Indian includes Alaska Native. Asian includes Pacific Islander. Multirace includes “other race.”

SOURCE: Data from diversitydatakids.org calculations of 2020 American Community Survey, 5-year data set, accessed through IPUMS-USA (Steven Ruggles, Sarah Flood, Ronald Goeken, Megan Schouweiler, and Matthew Sobek). IPUMS USA: Version 12.0 (ACS 2020, 5-year data set). Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2022 (https://doi.org/10.18128/D010.V12 [accessed 1/26/23]).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: A Total Population of Children Ages 08 by Race/Ethnicity and Nativity, 2020." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Closing the Opportunity Gap for Young Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26743.
×
Page 407
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: A Total Population of Children Ages 08 by Race/Ethnicity and Nativity, 2020." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Closing the Opportunity Gap for Young Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26743.
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Page 408
Next: Appendix B: Percentage of Children from Birth through Age 5 and Not Yet in Kindergarten Participating in Various Weekly Nonparental Care Arrangements, by Child and Family Characteristics, 2019 »
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Many young children in the United States are thriving and have access to the conditions and resources they need to grow up healthy. However, a substantial number of young children face more challenging conditions such as: poverty; food insecurity; exposure to violence; and inadequate access to health care, well-funded quality schools, and mental health care. In many cases, the historical origins of unequal access to crucial supports for children's physical, emotional, and cognitive development are rooted in policies that intentionally segregated and limited various populations' access to resources and create opportunity gaps that intertwine and compound to affect academic, health, and economic outcomes over an individual's life course and across generations.

Closing the Opportunity Gap for Young Children, identifies and describes the causes, costs, and effects of the opportunity gap in young children and explores how disparities in access to quality educational experiences, health care, and positive developmental experiences from birth through age eight intersect with key academic, health, and economic outcomes. The report identifies drivers of these gaps in three key domains—education, mental health, and physical health—and offers recommendations for policy makers for addressing these gaps so that all children in the United States have the opportunity to thrive. In addition, the report offers a detailed set of recommendations for policy makers, practitioners, community organizations, and philanthropic organizations to reduce opportunity gaps in education, health, and social-emotional development.

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