Practices for Adding Bicycle and Pedestrian Access on Existing Vehicle Bridges (2023)

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41   AASHTO. A Guide on Achieving Flexibility in Highway Design. 1st ed. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2004. AASHTO. Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities. 4th ed. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2012. AASHTO. Guide on Geometric Design of Transit Facilities on Highways and Streets. 1st ed. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2014. AASHTO. A Policy on Design Standards, Interstate System. 6th ed. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2016. AASHTO. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. 7th ed. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2018. AASHTO. Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities. 2nd ed. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2021. American Community Survey, 2016–2020. United States Census Bureau, 2022. Attanayake, U., and L.A. Lopez. Alternatives for Providing a Safe Passage for Non-Motorized Traffic Across an Existing Highway Bridge. Transportation Research Center for Livable Communities, Western Michigan University, 2015. Cohn, J., and E. Sperling. Improving Pedestrian and Bicycle Connectivity During Rehabilitation of Existing Bridges. Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center, 2016. Davis, E. Bikes and Pedestrians on the Fuller Warren Bridge? MetroJacksonville.com, Dec. 23, 2013. Davis, E. Urban Construction Update–March 2022. The Jaxson, March 24, 2022. Dover/Kent County MPO, Route 10 Bicycle and Pedestrian Study. 2012. FDOT. Complete Streets Implementation Plan. M2D2: Multimodal Development and Delivery. Florida Department of Transportation, 2015. FDOT. Gopher Tortoise Guidance for Each Phase of FDOT Project Delivery. Florida Department of Transportation, Office of Environmental Management, 2021. FDOT. 2022a. I-10/I-95 Interchange Improvements. Florida Department of Transportation, 2022. FDOT. 2022b. Statement of Agency. Florida Department of Transportation, 2022. FHWA. 2016a. Achieving Multimodal Networks: Applying Design Flexibility and Reducing Conflicts. FHWA- HEP-16-055. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 2016. FHWA. 2016b. Small Town and Rural Multimodal Networks. FHWA-HEP-17-024. U.S. Department of Transporta- tion, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 2016. FHWA. About the Controlling Criteria. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 2022. Hourdos, J., D. Lehrke, M. Duhn, L. Singer-Berk, and G. Lindsey. A Pre-Post Analysis of Bridge Improvements for Cycling in Mankato, Minnesota. ITE Journal, Vol. 87, No. 11, 2017, pp. 29–34. Kastenhofer, I.O. An Examination of Practices for Retrofitting Existing Roads with Sidewalks in the United States. VTRC 10-R4. Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA, 2010. Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. Pedestrian and Bicycle Travel Policy. Commonwealth of Kentucky Transpor- tation Cabinet, Frankfurt, Kentucky, 2002. LivingLAB. MDOT Bike-Ped Committee Facilitation. Detroit, Michigan, 2017. Massachusetts Highway Department. Project Development and Design Guide. 2006. MassDOT. Separated Bike Lane Planning & Design Guide. Massachusetts Department of Transportation, 2015. MassDOT. 2019a. Massachusetts Bicycle Transportation Plan. Massachusetts Department of Transportation, 2019. MassDOT. 2019b. Massachusetts Pedestrian Transportation Plan. Massachusetts Department of Transportation, 2019. References

42 Practices for Adding Bicycle and Pedestrian Access on Existing Vehicle Bridges MassDOT. Controlling Criteria and Design Justification Process for MassDOT Highway Division Projects. Engineering Directive, Massachusetts Department of Transportation, Highway Division, 2020. MassDOT. Pre-25% Design Scoping Procedure. Engineering Directive, Massachusetts Department of Transportation, Highway Division, 2021. MassDOT. Final 2023–2027 Capital Investment Plan. Massachusetts Department of Transportation, 2022. MDOT. 2019a. Bridge Design Manual. Michigan Department of Transportation, 2019. MDOT. 2019b. Region Nonmotorized Plan. Michigan Department of Transportation, Bay Region, 2019. MDOT. MDOT Regions. Michigan Department of Transportation, 2022. Miller, J.S., and P.B. Ohlms. Opportunities for Programming Suburban Multimodal Transportation Retrofits through the Maintenance Program: Case Study on Bicycle Accommodations. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2453, Issue 1, 2014. Multnomah County, Oregon. Morrison bridge bicycle and pedestrian improvement project. 2010. NACTO. Urban Street Design Guide. National Association of City Transportation Officials, Island Press, Washington, DC, 2013. NACTO. Urban Bikeway Design Guide. 2nd ed. National Association of City Transportation Officials, Island Press, Washington, DC, 2014. NACTO. Transit Street Design Guide. National Association of City Transportation Officials, Island Press, Washington, DC, 2016. Nance, E. Connect the 9: Bridging St. Claude for All Users. Planning and Urban Studies Reports and Presentations, Paper 13, 2012. NOVA online. Beam Bridge. Public Broadcasting Service, October 2000. Rigg, S. Long-awaited Pedestrian Pathway over I-94 in Ypsilanti to Begin Construction in 2022. Concentrate, 2021. RS&H. I-95 Express Lanes (JTB to Atlantic Boulevard) Project Development and Environment (PD&E) Study. Florida Department of Transportation, 2018. Statista Research Department. Number of Bicycling Participants in the United States from 2010 to 2021. 2022. TxDOT. Roadway Design Manual. Texas Department of Transportation, 2022. U.S. DOT. United States Department of Transportation Policy Statement on Bicycle and Pedestrian Accommodation Regulations and Recommendations. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, 2010. Washtenaw Area Transportation Study. Huron I-94 Non-motorized Crossing Preferred Alternative. 2014.