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Page 1066 Cite
Suggested Citation:"F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
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Page 1066
Page 1067 Cite
Suggested Citation:"F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
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Page 1067
Page 1068 Cite
Suggested Citation:"F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
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Page 1068
Page 1069 Cite
Suggested Citation:"F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
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Page 1069
Page 1070 Cite
Suggested Citation:"F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1070
Page 1071 Cite
Suggested Citation:"F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1071
Page 1072 Cite
Suggested Citation:"F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1072
Page 1073 Cite
Suggested Citation:"F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1073
Page 1074 Cite
Suggested Citation:"F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1074
Page 1075 Cite
Suggested Citation:"F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
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Page 1075

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F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997 TABLE F-1 Mean and Percentiles for Dietary Energy Intake (kcal), Canada (1990–1997) Percentile Sex/Age Category a Mean 5th 10th 25th n M, 19–30 y 1,362 2,980.2 1,992 2,120 2,436 Standard error 45.2 75 33 25 M, 31–50 y 2,371 2,637.1 1,545 1,797 2,149 Standard error 33.5 81 44 24 M, 51–70 y 2,416 2,224.0 1,418 1,546 1,794 Standard error 35.8 81 30 31 M, 71–74 y 478 2,025.8 1,213 1,360 1,672 Standard error 55.6 99 57 69 F, 19–30 y 1,456 1,890.4 1,189 1,327 1,521 Standard error 27.8 57 19 17 F, 31–50 y 2,687 1,752.2 1,124 1,217 1,421 Standard error 24.0 42 14 14 F, 51–70 y 2,481 1,543.2 932 1,077 1,268 Standard error 28.2 51 27 19 F, 71–74 y 474 1,531.3 920 1,030 1,188 Standard error 70.8 64 39 35 Total 13,725 2,168.6 1,173 1,304 1,575 Standard error 16.0 30 11 12 a M = male, F = female. NOTE: Estimates were adjusted for intraindividual variability using the modified NAS method of Karpinski K, Nargundkar M. 1992. Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey Methodology Report. Technical document #451311-001, Bureau of Biostatistics and Computer Appli- 1066

1067 A PPENDIX F 50th 75th 90th 95th 2,810 3,194 3,679 4,050 22 26 65 185 2,548 2,947 3,322 3,537 23 36 38 154 2,165 2,530 2,949 3,167 34 42 56 130 1,994 2,311 2,730 2,976 34 46 111 84 1,773 2,054 2,350 2,552 19 19 37 85 1,658 1,930 2,206 2,395 15 18 28 91 1,498 1,753 1,988 2,176 20 26 38 78 1,438 1,638 1,994 2,252 30 45 118 266 1,998 2,554 3,072 3,353 15 20 24 110 cations, Food Directorate, Health Canada; and National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. Consensus Workshop on Dietary Assessment: Nutrition Monitoring and Tracking the Year 2000 Objectives. Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Variability for the percentiles has been estimated using SUDAAN v8.0, Taylor linearization method.

1068 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE F-2 Mean and Percentiles for Dietary Carbohydrate Intake (Percent of Energy), Canada (1990–1997) Percentile Sex/Age Category a Mean 5th 10th 25th n M, 19–30 y 1,362 47.7 37.9 40.2 43.8 Standard error 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.3 M, 31–50 y 2,371 47.0 37.0 39.5 43.2 Standard error 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.2 M, 51–70 y 2,416 47.2 36.7 39.5 43.3 Standard error 0.4 1.3 0.6 0.4 M, 71–74 y 478 49.2 36.5 38.9 43.9 Standard error 0.8 1.7 1.0 1.0 F, 19–30 y 1,456 49.6 40.5 42.6 45.7 Standard error 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.3 F, 31–50 y 2,687 48.3 38.9 40.8 45.2 Standard error 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.3 F, 51–70 y 2,481 51.6 41.3 44.1 47.2 Standard error 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.5 F, 71–74 y 474 52.1 42.9 46.0 49.8 Standard error 0.8 1.7 1.2 0.8 Total 13,725 48.5 38.4 40.8 44.5 Standard error 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 a M = male, F = female. NOTE: Estimates were adjusted for intraindividual variability using the modified NAS method of Karpinski K, Nargundkar M. 1992. Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey Methodology Report. Technical document #451311-001, Bureau of Biostatistics and Computer Appli-

1069 A PPENDIX F 50th 75th 90th 95th 47.4 51.4 55.2 57.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 46.9 50.8 54.7 56.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 47.4 51.3 55.3 57.9 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.8 49.2 54.2 59.2 61.4 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.0 49.4 53.2 56.2 58.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 48.9 52.5 56.4 58.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 51.3 54.9 57.9 60.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 52.7 55.0 57.7 60.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.4 48.6 52.6 56.1 58.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 cations, Food Directorate, Health Canada; and National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. Consensus Workshop on Dietary Assessment: Nutrition Monitoring and Tracking the Year 2000 Objectives. Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Variability for the percentiles has been estimated using SUDAAN v8.0, Taylor linearization method.

1070 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE F-3 Mean and Percentiles for Dietary Fat Intake (Percent of Energy), Canada (1990–1997) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 5th 10th 25th n M, 19–30 y 1,362 33.7 26.8 28.8 31.7 Standard error 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.2 M, 31–50 y 2,371 33.8 25.9 27.6 31.0 Standard error 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.3 M, 51–70 y 2,416 33.2 23.6 25.9 29.7 Standard error 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.3 M, 71–74 y 478 32.7 22.8 24.4 27.9 Standard error 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.8 F, 19–30 y 1,456 33.0 24.5 26.8 29.6 Standard error 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.2 F, 31–50 y 2,687 33.4 24.8 26.8 29.8 Standard error 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 F, 51–70 y 2,481 30.8 22.9 24.9 27.8 Standard error 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.3 F, 71–74 y 474 30.5 21.8 24.8 27.1 Standard error 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.4 Total 13,725 33.1 24.6 26.7 29.8 Standard error 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 a M = male, F = female. NOTE: Estimates were adjusted for intraindividual variability using the modified NAS method of Karpinski K, Nargundkar M. 1992. Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey Methodology Report. Technical document #451311-001, Bureau of Biostatistics and Computer Appli-

1071 A PPENDIX F 50th 75th 90th 95th 34.2 36.5 38.2 39.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 33.9 36.8 39.6 41.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 33.4 36.6 40.1 42.0 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.1 32.4 36.8 41.5 43.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.0 33.1 36.4 39.1 40.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 33.1 36. 39.4 41.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 31.2 34.8 37.5 39.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 1.0 30.5 33.6 37.0 39.7 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.2 33.3 36.3 39.2 41.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 cations, Food Directorate, Health Canada; and National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. Consensus Workshop on Dietary Assessment: Nutrition Monitoring and Tracking the Year 2000 Objectives. Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Variability for the percentiles has been estimated using SUDAAN v8.0, Taylor linearization method.

1072 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE F-4 Mean and Percentages for Dietary Saturated Fat Intake (Percent of Energy), Canada (1990–1997) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 5th 10th 25th n M, 19–30 y 1,362 12.4 8.6 9.5 10.7 Standard error 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 M, 31–50 y 2,371 12.2 8.0 9.0 10.5 Standard error 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 M, 51–70 y 2,416 12.0 6.7 7.9 9.6 Standard error 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 M, 71–74 y 478 11.6 6.3 7.3 9.3 Standard error 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 F, 19–30 y 1,456 12.1 7.8 8.8 10.2 Standard error 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 F, 31–50 y 2,687 12.0 7.5 8.3 9.9 Standard error 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 F, 51–70 y 2,481 10.9 6.5 7.4 8.9 Standard error 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 F, 71–74 y 474 10.7 6.2 6.7 8.5 Standard error 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 Total 13,725 12.0 7.4 8.4 10.0 Standard error 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 a M = male, F = female. NOTE: Estimates were adjusted for intraindividual variability using the modified NAS method of Karpinski K, Nargundkar M. 1992. Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey Methodology Report. Technical document #451311-001, Bureau of Biostatistics and Computer Appli-

1073 A PPENDIX F 50th 75th 90th 95th 12.2 13.6 15.0 15.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 12.0 13.6 15.0 16.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 11.8 13.7 15.8 16.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 11.2 13.2 14.6 17.2 0.4 0.3 0.7 11.8 13.4 15.0 16.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 11.5 13.2 14.8 16.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 10.8 12.5 14.1 15.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 10.2 12.4 14.5 15.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 11.7 13.4 15.0 16.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 cations, Food Directorate, Health Canada; and National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. Consensus Workshop on Dietary Assessment: Nutrition Monitoring and Tracking the Year 2000 Objectives. Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Variability for the percentiles has been estimated using SUDAAN v8.0, Taylor linearization method.

1074 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE F-5 Mean and Percentiles for Dietary Protein Intake (Percent of Energy), Canada (1990–1997) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 5th 10th 25th n M, 19–30 y 1,362 15.9 12.8 13.4 14.4 Standard error 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 M, 31–50 y 2,371 16.3 12.9 13.6 14.6 Standard error 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 M, 51–70 y 2,416 16.7 12.8 13.5 14.4 Standard error 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 M, 71–74 y 478 17.1 12.2 13.3 14.1 Standard error 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 F, 19–30 y 1,456 16.0 12.6 13.2 14.4 Standard error 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 F, 31–50 y 2,687 16.7 12.6 13.4 14.7 Standard error 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 F, 51–70 y 2,481 16.6 12.7 13.6 14.8 Standard error 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 F, 71–74 y 474 16.9 13.1 13.6 14.7 Standard error 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 Total 13,725 16.4 12.8 13.5 14.5 Standard error 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 a M = male, F = female. NOTE: Estimates were adjusted for intraindividual variability using the modified NAS method of Karpinski K, Nargundkar M. 1992. Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey Methodology Report. Technical document #451311-001, Bureau of Biostatistics and Computer Appli-

1075 A PPENDIX F 50th 75th 90th 95th 15.3 16.3 17.3 18.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 15.8 17.0 18.2 19.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 16.0 17.5 18.9 20.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 15.8 17.6 20.6 22.2 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.1 15.5 16.4 17.5 18.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 15.8 17.2 18.6 19.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 15.9 17.4 18.8 19.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 16.0 17.4 19.1 20.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 15.7 17.0 18.4 19.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 cations, Food Directorate, Health Canada; and National Center for Health Statistics. 1994. Consensus Workshop on Dietary Assessment: Nutrition Monitoring and Tracking the Year 2000 Objectives. Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Variability for the percentiles has been estimated using SUDAAN v8.0, Taylor linearization method.

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Responding to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the roles of nutrients in human health, the Institute of Medicine has developed a new approach to establish Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and other nutrient reference values. The new title for these values Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), is the inclusive name being given to this new approach. These are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes applicable to healthy individuals in the United States and Canada. This new book is part of a series of books presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients. It establishes recommendations for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. This book presents new approaches and findings which include the following:

  • The establishment of Estimated Energy Requirements at four levels of energy expenditure
  • Recommendations for levels of physical activity to decrease risk of chronic disease
  • The establishment of RDAs for dietary carbohydrate and protein
  • The development of the definitions of Dietary Fiber, Functional Fiber, and Total Fiber
  • The establishment of Adequate Intakes (AI) for Total Fiber
  • The establishment of AIs for linolenic and a-linolenic acids
  • Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges as a percent of energy intake for fat, carbohydrate, linolenic and a-linolenic acids, and protein
  • Research recommendations for information needed to advance understanding of macronutrient requirements and the adverse effects associated with intake of higher amounts

Also detailed are recommendations for both physical activity and energy expenditure to maintain health and decrease the risk of disease.

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