Significant Findings from Full-Scale Accelerated Pavement Testing (2012)

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155 APPENDIX c Full-Scale Accelerated Pavement Testing Programs and Facility Descriptions This appendix contains information on each of the responding full-scale accelerated pavement testing (f-sAPT) programs. The information supplied by the respondents is the main source for these summaries. Additional information has been requested from respondents where possible. There are some facilities missing in the summary after they did not respond to the requests to take part in the project. Some of these facilities may have been terminated. A standard reporting format is used for each of the responding programs. Where information was not supplied by the respon- dent, the block is left open, except where a whole section was left out, in which case the section is deleted from the specific response. Only the responses on selected questions are shown. These questions are deemed to be indicative of specific differ- ences between the various programs. The question numbers are shown for each of the tables. A summary of responses for all questions are provided in Appendix D.

156 Questionnaire information—USA programs Section 1 Agency/Organization University of California Pavement Research Center Location (City, State, Country) Davis (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed Mobile Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) Linear Uni/bi-directional Both Number of axles 1 Own power (diesel/electric/other)/shore power Both Field site/fixed site Both UC Davis and various locations in California Roads/airfields Roads Can do airfields but not the focus Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Fixed Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 6.7 to 45 kip (30 to 200 kN) for two tires Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) Truck (G159) and aircraft, pressure about 700 kPa Tire wander options yes Programmable Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) no Temperature control options Heating and cooling 50 to 122°F (10 to 50°C) pavement temperature Speed range 1.9 to 12.4 mph (3 to 20 km/h) Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? yes APT webpage link http://www.ucprc.ucdavis.edu/ Other None (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation MDD and laser profilometer CSIR developed Permanent surface strain Permanent in-depth deformation MDD Developed by CSIR Permanent in-depth strain Elastic surface deflection Road Surface Deflectometer, and Joint Deflection Measurement Device CSIR Elastic surface strain Elastic in-depth deflection MDD CSIR Elastic in-depth strain Strain gauge Commercial, CTL group Density Nuclear Temperature Thermocouple Omega Moisture Decagon sensors Commercial Stiffness HWD Dynatest New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) Other—please provide details Pressure cell GeoCon California Department of Transportation/UCPRC

157 (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program yes Evaluate new designs, new tires, new materials, develop ME models, etc. Roads agency or state research program yes Same as national Academic research plan yes Integral part of graduate student program Commercial research plan yes Evaluate commercial technologies if requested Partnership program yes Costs shared by industry and state International cooperative program yes HVSIA plus other countries depending on projects Ad hoc use of device—no specific program yes Various research needs for modeling Local research needs yes Results shared with local government. Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 1994 Number of pavement sections tested 110 Typical duration of APT tests in months 2 Typical number of repetitions per test 300,000 End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) 0.5 in. (12.5 mm) of total surface rut or 8.2 ft/ft2 (2.5 m/m2)of surface cracking Estimated capital cost of APT equipment $3 million (3 machines) Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 1 2 4 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other x (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other yes no yes yes yes yes no Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc yes yes yes Is funding guaranteed? no

158 (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information Upgrade data acquisition system, develop new device for in-depth deflection measurement (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other Compare performance trends and use lab data to do modeling for APT Use APT to calibrate model and use model to predict field performance Direct comparison of performance trends, as well as using model to interpret all results (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type PostgreSQL database on a server, with raw data in CSV format. (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used Section 1 Agency/Organization Federal Aviation Administration Location (City, State, Country) Atlantic City International Airport (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed Fixed Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) Linear Uni/bi-directional Uni and bi-directional loading Number of axles 10 Own power (diesel/electric/other)/shore power Own power (electric) Field site/fixed site Fixed site Roads/airfields Airfields Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Fixed device (automated) Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 900 kip (4 008 kN) 75 kip (334 kN) per wheel Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) Radial tires, 52x21.0R22 Inflation pressure depends on wheel load and rated deflection, can go up to 250 psi (1 723 kPa) Tire wander options Wander can be programmed Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) no Temperature control options no Speed range 15 mph (24 km/h) maximum Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, yes Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

159 load, location etc.)? APT webpage link http://www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov Other (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial, or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation Laser profiler, straight edge In-house developed Permanent surface strain Permanent in-depth deformation Multiple Depth Deflectometers (MDDs) Commercial Permanent in-depth strain MDDs Commercial Elastic surface deflection MDDs Elastic surface strain Elastic in-depth deflection MDDs Commercial Elastic in-depth strain MDDs Commercial Density Nuclear gauge (for HMA), sand cone (aggregate base and subbase), drive cylinder (subgrade) Commercial Temperature Thermistor and thermocouples Commercial Moisture Laboratory (on samples collected from test sections) Stiffness Laboratory tests, HWD tests, field CBR, LWD, PSPA, D-PSPA, vane shear, DCP Commercial New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) Moisture content Other—please provide details (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program yes Support development of standards and specifications for airport pavements for the FAA Roads agency or state research program Academic research plan Commercial research plan Partnership program International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program April 1999 Number of pavement sections tested 23 Typical duration of APT tests in months 12 from construction to demolition Typical number of repetitions per test Varies from 100 to 30,000 End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) Complete structural failure Estimated capital cost of APT equipment $14 million just for the test vehicle, $21 million total Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 3/1 3 9

160 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other x (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other FAA US $10 million Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Is funding guaranteed? Depends on federal budget. Has been good so far. (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information Additional load modules were added recently; always working on improving control systems. (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other APT results are used for improving failure models, laboratory testing is used for advanced material characterization, field test sections (instrumented pavements at active commercial airports) are used for studying combined environmental and load effects. All the information collected is used for improving airport pavement thickness design procedures and developing FAA advisory circulars. (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type Sequel Server database.

161 (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used Through website http://www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov (41) What is the basis of the selection of full-scale APT test sections in your program? Description Selection Details Official research program Ad hoc test selection Academic interest Other Selected by standards team and a working group Federal Highways Administration (FHWA) Section 1 Agency/Organization Federal Highway Administration Location (City, State, Country) McLean, Virginia (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Mobile/fixed Fixed, but has mobile capabilities—has only rarely been used in the very beginning of the program Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) Linear ALF, Australian designed system Uni/bi-directional Uni directional Number of axles 1 Own power (diesel/electric/other)/ shore power Electric Field site/fixed site Fixed, but has mobile capabilities—has only rarely been used in the very beginning of the program Roads/airfields Roads Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Fixed Wheels are powered and driven rather than the wheel carriage pulled or pushed Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 9.9 to 16.6 kip (44 to 74 kN) Uses steel plates, dead weight on suspension Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) Dual 11R22.5 Super single 425 Typically between 100 to 120 psi (690 to 827 kPa) Tire wander options Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) Air bag suspension Requires landing of wheel to be tuned and minimize or eliminate load spike Temperature control options Speed range As low as 2.5 to 3 mph (4 to 5 km/h) and high as 10 to 11 mph (16 to 18 km/h) Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? Speed, position and load can be measured during operation Pavement layer instrumentation is independent from ALF operation (not integrated) APT webpage link http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/research/tfhrc/labs/pavement/index.cfm Other (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation Rod and level survey Manual laser profiler Manual laser profiler was developed in- house

162 measurement assembly (LDMA) which is a horizontal steel plate between asphalt and aggregate base and vertical collapsible tube with removable surface cap Multi Depth Deflectometer (MDD) (8 per test site along the wheel path) is a simple, in-house Commercial MDD Elastic surface deflection LVDTs Rarely used, once in past Elastic in-depth deflection MDD Density Not monitored except for HMA cores for non-routine evaluations Temperature Thermocouples Embedded at different depths with 20 mm depth used for temperature control Moisture Time Domain Reflectometry Eliminating older generation system and planning for a contemporary system Stiffness FWD Portable Seismic Pavement Analyzer (PSPA) New parameter (list) Exploring the use of multiple antenna, stepped frequency Ground Penetrating Radar system with enhanced resolution to evaluation subsurface cracking and damage In research stage (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program FHWA’s Accelerated Loading Facility is one of several laboratories within the pavement materials program (e.g., chemistry, aggregates, bituminous, PCC) and addresses research needs applicable to all regions of the country Project selection is guided by an agency-wide strategic plan Roads agency or state research program Academic research plan Commercial research plan Partnership program FHWA experiments can and are funded by pooled/partnered states International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program Began in mid-1980s Number of pavement sections tested Tire study 1993 Superpave Ultrathin whitetopping 2002 Superpave Typical duration of APT tests in months Rutting 1–2 weeks Fatigue 1–4 months Typical number of repetitions per test One out of about 12 test sections in each experiment will be duplicated End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, 15 to 25% cracked area 1 in. (25 mm) rutting Permanent in-depth deformation Layer deformation LDMAs are cheap, disposable items something else)

163 Estimated capital cost of APT equipment 1986 ALF1 1991 ALF2 Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 1 FHWA managerial 1 technical (contract support) 2 to 3 operational (contract support) (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) yes Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) A test pit is on site but can be loaded by pulsing actuator that does not meet definition of full-scale APT Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) In-service field test sections Never, but very early in program one ALF unit traveled to several field sites In-service field test sections Rehabilitation option comparison Recently begun utilizing used/tested sections with thin overlay Rehabilitation option comparison Other x (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funder/sponsor Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other Combination; mostly federal funds with state participant funds used for construction of test sections Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Program-linked Is funding guaranteed? No, but with tractable lead times between critical time periods (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information Electronic control systems are of the late 1980s to early 1990s vintage and are becoming increasingly more difficult to find service and spare parts. Planning for control system upgrade with modern electronics Early 1990s vintage instrumentation data acquisition system has been replaced with contemporary multi-channel. (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and laboratory APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and LTPP APT and LTPP APT and field APT and field APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other

164 Florida Department of Transportation Section 1 Agency/Organization Florida Department of Transportation Location (City, State, Country) Gainesville (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed Mobile Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) linear Uni/bi-directional uni Number of axles half Own power (diesel/electric/other)/ shore power electric Field site/fixed site fixed site Roads/airfields roads Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) fixed Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 7 to 45 kips Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) Dual (11R22.5), Super Single (425/65R22.5), and two new wide-base tires (445/50R22.5 and 455/55R22.5) Dual and new Tire wander options 0 to 30 in. http://materials.dot.state.fl.us/sm Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) None Temperature control options Radiant heaters installed on both sides of test beam. Insulated panels maintain temperature No cooling device Speed range up to 8 mph Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? Typically collect load, speed, tire location Also collect HVS system information APT webpage link http://www.dot.state.fl.us/statemater ialsoffice/pavement/research/apt/ind ex.shtm Other Report on loading assessment http://www.dot.state.fl.us/statem aterialsoffice/administration/res ources/library/publications/resea rchreports/pavement/03-463.pdf (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation Laser profiler http://www.dot.state.fl.us/statematerialsoffice/pavement/re search/reports/smo/rutmeasurement-r.pdf Permanent surface strain Permanent in-depth deformation Permanent in-depth strain Elastic surface deflection Elastic surface strain Tokyo Sokki PFL-20-11-5L and 30-11-5L gauges Have also used other size gauges— http://www.dot.state.fl.us/statematerialsoffice/pavement/re search/apt/documents/instrumentation.pdf

165 Elastic in-depth deflection Elastic in-depth strain Tokyo Sokki KM-100HAS H-gauge Density Non-nuclear density device Temperature Thermocouple http://www.dot.state.fl.us/statematerialsoffice/pavement/research/apt/documents/instrumentation.pdf Moisture Moisture probes http://www.dot.state.fl.us/statematerialsoffice/pavement/research/apt/documents/instrumentation.pdf Stiffness FWD, PSPA, DCP New parameter (list) Have also measured strain and temperature of concrete pavements Recently used LVDTs to measure concrete joint movement http://www.dot.state.fl.us/statematerialsoffice/pavement/re search/apt/documents/instrumentation.pdf http://www.dot.state.fl.us/statematerialsoffice/pavement/re search/reports/smo/uf/slabreplacement.pdf Important but not measured (list) Other—please provide details Semi-automated cracking analysis http://www.dot.state.fl.us/statematerialsoffice/pavement/re search/apt/documents/instrumentation.pdf (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program Roads agency or state research program All research is performed to solve Florida-specific problems. Academic research plan Commercial research plan Partnership program International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 2000 Number of pavement sections tested More than 200; more than 22 million loaded passes Typical duration of APT tests in months Less than 1 month for rutting tests at elevated temperatures, up to 3 months or more for cracking tests Typical number of repetitions per test Minimum of 3, often 4 to 5 or more End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) Rutting is stopped after achieving 0.5 in. (12.5 mm). Currently, there are no criteria for cracking tests. Cracking tests are conducted until cracks initiate and progress or it is decided to terminate the test. Estimated capital cost of APT equipment N/A Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 1 3 3

166 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other Funded by Florida DOT N/A Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Is funding guaranteed? (21) Provide typical information of cost of APT. Parameter Budget Number of years Type of projects Breakdown of budget Operational Maintenance Staff Construction N/A Average operational cost per test N/A Annual APT budget (US$) N/A Average US$ per standard repetition (one direction) for a typical 1 year program (not short-term studies) N/A (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information Recently installed camera system to identify/measure surface cracks and other surface damage. Will continue to improve this system. (http://www.dot.state.fl.us/statematerialsoffice/pavement/ research/apt/documents/instrumentation.pdf). Recently completed extending test tracks—extension consists of six 13-ft-wide lanes extended an additional 300 ft (total length of 450 ft). (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other Always coordinate APT and lab testing. Typical lab tests include construction QA, dynamic modulus, indirect tensile, Hamburg wheel tracker, and asphalt pavement analyzer (rut measurement). When available, will compare APT results with field results.

167 (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type We have a web-based database where all APT information is stored (reports, photographs, instrumentation data, HVS maintenance files, etc.). Typically, information is stored here after a project is complete. APT information is also stored on a network drive that is backed up nightly. This network is primarily used for active projects. (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used No formal process is in place. Any information will be made available upon request. (41) What is the basis of the selection of full-scale APT test sections in your program? Description Selection Details Official research program Ad hoc test selection Academic interest Other Coordinated effort with pavement/construction offices and districts. Indiana Department of Transportation Section 1 Agency/Organization Indiana Department of Transportation Location (City, State, Country) West Lafayette (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed Fixed Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) Linear Uni/bi-directional Bi-directional Number of axles 1 Own power (diesel/electric/other)/shore power Electric Field site/fixed site Fixed site Roads/airfields Roads Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Fixed device Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 20 kip (89 kN) Per axle, two tires Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) 255/70R22.5, 90 psi (620 kPa) Super single Tire wander options 6 in. (150 mm) Left and right Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) Not Temperature control options yes Heater and air conditioner Speed range 5 to 10 mph (8 to 16 km/h) edicated operational Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? yes APT webpage link http://rebar.ecn.purdue.edu/APT/ Other http://rebar.ecn.purdue.edu/APT/Pages/photos.htm

168 (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation Laser and LVDT Commercial Permanent surface strain Strain gauges Commercial Permanent in-depth deformation Laser Commercial Permanent in-depth strain Strain gauges Commercial Elastic surface deflection Laser profiler and LVDT Commercial Elastic surface strain Strain gauges Commercial Elastic in-depth deflection Strain gauges Commercial Elastic in-depth strain None Density Nuclear gauge Commercial Temperature Infrared Commercial Moisture None Stiffness None New parameter (list) Pressure, using pressure meter Commercial Important but not measured (list) Other—please provide details (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program yes Roads agency or state research program yes yes Academic research plan Commercial research plan Partnership program yes International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program Summer 1992 Number of pavement sections tested 7 projects with numerous sections Typical duration of APT tests in months 6 to 12 Typical number of repetitions per test Varied End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) Failure Estimated capital cost of APT equipment $1 million Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 1 1 1 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections Rehabilitation option comparison x Other

169 Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Contribution from projects $70,000 Is funding guaranteed? no (21) Provide typical information of cost of APT. Parameter Budget Number of years Type of projects Breakdown of budget Operational Maintenance Staff Construction $70,000 $20,000 $10,000 $40,000 Depends on projects 1 1 1 1 Short term Average operational cost per test Annual APT budget (US$) Average US$ per standard repetition (one direction) for a typical 1 year program (not short- term studies) (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information http://rebar.ecn.purdue.edu/APT/Pages/newfacility.htm (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other In one office, in one section (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type Hard drive and DVD (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used Only by request (41) What is the basis of the selection of full-scale APT test sections in your program? Description Selection Details Official research program Close to the actual field testing Better control of testing parameters Ad hoc test selection Academic interest Other (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor)

170 Kansas Department of Transportation Section 1 Agency/Organization Kansas Department of Transportation Location (City, State, Country) Topeka (13) Provide details of the full - scale APT device that you own / use. Parameter S election Comment Mobile / fixed Fixed Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) Linear Uni/bi-directional Bi - directional Number of axles One or two Own power (diesel / electric / other)/shore power Electric Field site/ fixed site Fixed site Roads / airf ields Roads Fixed device / trucks (automated or manually driven) Fixed device Load range (range in kN — indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 1.1 to 5 kip ( 5 to 22 kN) single axle ; d ouble for tandem axle Tire details (size, type, in flation pressure range, other) Conventional over the road Tire wander options yes , up to 6 in. (150 mm) Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc. ) Conventional air bag Temperature control options Radiant heat and cooling pane ls Speed range 5 to 7 mph (8 to 11.5 km/h) Dedicated operational data collection on full - scale APT device during operation ( i.e., applied speed, load, location etc. )? Dedicated data collection, speed, load, position and strain APT webpage link http://www.kstate.edu/pavements/ Other N one (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full - scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details — background on instrument, commercial or in - house developed Permanent surface deformation yes In - house rut bar Permanent surface strain Permanent in - depth deformation yes Commercial gauges Permanent in - depth strain Elastic surface deflection yes FWD Elastic surface strain Elastic in - depth deflection Elastic in - depth strain Density yes Nuclear meter Temperature yes Conventional Moisture yes Conventi on al, TDR Stiffness New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) Other — please provide details (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program Roads agency or s tate research program yes Pavement Academic research plan Commercial research plan Some Pavement products Partnership program International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device — no specific program Local research needs Other

171 (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 1993 Number of pavement sections tested 16 Typical duration of APT tests in months 12–15 Typical number of repetitions per test 250,000 to over 1 million End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) Rutting or cracking failure Estimated capital cost of APT equipment $1.5M Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 2 3 2 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other Pooled Fund Direct compensation $300,000 $100,000 Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Is funding guaranteed? (21) Provide typical information of cost of APT. Parameter Budget Number of years Type of projects Breakdown of budget Operational Maintenance Staff Construction $4.5 million 40% 5% 50% 5% 16 year dedicated Yearly projects Average operational cost per test Annual APT budget (US$) Average US$ per standard repetition (one direction) for a typical 1 year program (not short- term studies) Typical one direction applications are 250,000 to 500,000 per year. (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information None

172 (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other Measure material properties. Material characteristics and field measurements of shadow pavements (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type Databases are established for each experiment. Take the form of tables, graphs, and charts. (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used Share based on request for data (41) What is the basis of the selection of full-scale APT test sections in your program? Description Selection Details Official research program Ad hoc test selection Academic interest Other KTRAN program Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development Section 1 Agency/Organization Louisiana Transportation Research Center Location (City, State, Country) Louisiana (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed mobile ALF Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) Linear Uni/bi-directional Uni-D Number of axles 1 Own power (diesel/electric/other)/shore power Electric Field site/fixed site Roads/airfields Road Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Automated Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 9 to 13.5 kip (40 to 60 kN) Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) 11R22.5 Dual Tire wander options yes Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) N/A Temperature control options no Speed range 10 to 12 mph (16 to 20 km/h) Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? yes APT webpage link N/A Other N/A

173 (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation Permanent surface strain Permanent in-depth deformation MDD SnapMDD Permanent in-depth strain Elastic surface deflection Elastic surface strain Elastic in-depth deflection MDD Elastic in-depth strain Strain gauge Density Temperature Moisture TDR Stiffness New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) Other—please provide details Pressure cell Geokon 3500 (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program Roads agency or state research program yes Academic research plan Commercial research plan Partnership program International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 1994 Number of pavement sections tested >15 Typical duration of APT tests in months 12 Typical number of repetitions per test 500,000 End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) rutting/cracking Estimated capital cost of APT equipment $1.5 million Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 1 2 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) In-service field test sections Rehabilitation option comparison Other

174 National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other Type of funding Short - term ( project - linked ) Long - term ( program - linked ) Intermittent / ad hoc Is funding guaranteed? (21) Provide typical information of cost of APT. Parameter Budget Number of years Type of projec ts Breakdown of budget Operational Maintenance Staff Construction $ 500 , 000 1 year pavement Average operational cost per test Annual APT budget (US$) Average US$ per standard repetition (one direction) for a typical 1 year program (not sh ort - term studies) (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device . Information 1 year pavement (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full - scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long - term paveme nt performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases / reference to tests / reports APT and laboratory x APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) ( Only space to add own information — no automatic selections) . Database type Hard drive ( 31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non - APT owners yes /no Data shared with other APT programs yes / no Process / vehicle used upon request (41) What is the basis of the selection of full - scale APT test sections in your program? Description Selection Details Official research program Ad hoc test selection Academic interest Other (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local / s tate g overnment State Varied

175 Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnROAD) Section 1 Agency/Organization Minnesota Department of Transportation Location (City, State, Country) Maplewood (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed N/A Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) N/A Uni/bi-directional N/A Number of axles 5-axle semi, live traffic, other specific vehicles/ equipment testing Own power (diesel/electric/other)/ shore power N/A Field site/fixed site MnROAD http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/ Roads/airfields Mainline interstate and low volume road, farm loop Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Manual driven Load range (range in kN— indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 80 to 102 kip (360 to 450 kN) Gross vehicle weight Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) See report http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/data/pdfs/sem idescription.pdf Tire wander options Live traffic Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) See Report http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/data/pdfs/sem idescription.pdf Temperature control options None Speed range LVR 40 mph (65 km/h) Mainline 70 mph (113 km/h) Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? N/A APT webpage link See website http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/ Other See website (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation ALPS, PATHWAYS http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/data/pdfs/alps.pdf Permanent surface strain N/A Permanent in-depth deformation LVDT assume this is HMA—http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/ instrumentation/ Permanent in-depth strain Dynatest, CTL, Geomechanics, Tokyo Sokki http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/instrumentation/ Elastic surface deflection LVDT http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/instrumentation/ Elastic surface strain Dynatest, CTL, Geomechanics, Tokyo Sokki http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/instrumentation/ Elastic in-depth deflection LVDT http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/instrumentation/

176 Elastic in-depth strain Dynatest, CTL, Geomechanics, Tokyo Sokki http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/instrumentation/ Density DCP, LWD, Intelligent Compaction, sand cone, Humboldt SSG http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/data/pdfs/dcp.pdf, http://www.dot.state.mn.us/materials/research_lwd.html, http://www.dot.state.mn.us/materials/researchic.html Temperature Thermocouple, thermistor attached to assorted gauges, weather station http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/instrumentation/pavementsensors. html#tc Moisture Decagon, Irrometer, Campbell Scientific, Sensirion http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/instrumentation/sub-surface- sensors.html Stiffness See Density New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) Pavement surface temperature, HMA surface strain Other—please provide details Dynamic pressure gauges http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/instrumentation/sub-surfacesensors. html#pg (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program x Roads agency or state research program x x Academic research plan x Commercial research plan x Partnership program x International cooperative program x Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs Other x (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 1994 Number of pavement sections tested ~125 Typical duration of APT tests in months Variable (34 days to 17 years) Typical number of repetitions per test N/A End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) Failure and performance of materials over time Estimated capital cost of APT equipment $25 million to build in 1994 and roughly $1 million to operate/year, test cell (500 ft) construction cost vary but is roughly 100K–150K each—U.S. dollars Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical State DOT staff—2 managers Many at the state making it hard to count but 5 MnROAD operations Many at the state making it hard to count but 5 MnROAD operations

177 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other x (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/State Government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other MnDOT LRRB FHWA, pooled funds TERRA TERRA Partnerships Industry (associations, private companies) University of Minnesota yes Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Is funding guaranteed? no (21) Provide typical information of cost of APT. Parameter Budget Number of years Type of projects Breakdown of budget Operational Maintenance Staff Construction $1,000,000 part of operations $100,000–150,000 per test section 17 assume for HVS type of cost plus the cost of sensors/monitoring Average operational cost per test Annual APT budget (US$) Average US$ per standard repetition (one direction) for a typical 1 year program (not short- term studies) $15,000/cell/year Not HVS numbers (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information Investigation into fiber optic sensors, other surface mounted sensors (temp, strain), new monitoring systems/tools (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP

178 Other Use some LTPP data for model validation—MnROAD has LTPP test sections; MnROAD is our APT, lab performance testing like APA, SCB and have public roadways to also collect data (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type Oracle Database along with auxiliary data (pictures, video, some raw data not enter into the database)—one TB data http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/data/ pdfs/databaseguide.pdf Working to get data onto the web in the next 2 years—data product 1.0 currently is being developed in-house and used by internal staff (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used http://www.dot.state.mn.us/mnroad/data/requestspecial.html MnROAD data product 1.0 developed (41) What is the basis of the selection of full-scale APT test sections in your program? Description Selection Details Official research program all the above plus industry needs Ad hoc test selection Academic interest Other NCAT Section 1 Agency/Organization NCAT Pavement Test Track Location (City, State, Country) Opelika (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed fixed Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) oval Uni/bi-directional unidirectional Number of axles 8 axles on 5 trucks (40 axles total) Own power (diesel/electric/other)/shore power diesel Field site/fixed site fixed site Roads/airfields roads Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) manually drive trucks Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 5.3 to 9.4 kip (23.6 to 41.8 kN) per tire Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) 275/80R22.5 at 100 psi (689 kPa) Tire wander options real world Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) spring and air Temperature control options Ambient Speed range up to 50 mph (80 km/h) Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? climate and high speed response APT webpage link www.pavetrack.com Other N/A

179 (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation Dipstick Permanent surface strain Dipstick Permanent in-depth deformation N/A Permanent in-depth strain CTL strain gauges Elastic surface deflection FWD Elastic surface strain N/A Elastic in-depth deflection N/A Elastic in-depth strain N/A Density nuclear and impedance Temperature thermistor Moisture N/A Stiffness FWD & PSPA New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) Other—please provide details Inertial profiler for roughness and macrotexture (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program M-E pavement design validation/calibration Roads agency or state research program compare materials and methods reduce life-cycle cost of pavements Academic research plan Commercial research plan product evaluation new technology Partnership program pooled fund research cooperative International cooperative program support for Chinese APT optimized pavement design Ad hoc use of device—no specific program surface treatments wear and abrasion Local research needs Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 2000 Number of pavement sections tested 183 Typical duration of APT tests in months 36 Typical number of repetitions per test 10 million ESALs End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) predetermined number of repetitions Estimated capital cost of APT equipment US $8M Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 13 1 2 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other

180 Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other pooled fund cooperative agreement individual projects at coop rate $80k $800k Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Is funding guaranteed? in 3-year cycles (21) Provide typical information of cost of APT. Parameter Budget Number of years Type of projects Breakdown of budget Operational Maintenance Staff Construction $10M $4.0M part of operations $3.5M $2.5M 3 Average operational cost per test Annual APT budget (US$) Average US$ per standard repetition (one direction) for a typical 1 year program (not short- term studies) $1 (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information Rebuild test oval in 2012 and traffic with same heavy triple trailer trains (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type Data QC via spreadsheet, permanent storage in Access database (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used (41) What is the basis of the selection of full-scale APT test sections in your program? Description Selection Details Official research program Meet sponsors’ individual research needs while guiding program to address broad issues Ad hoc test selection Academic interest Other (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) public and private $2.4M

181 Ohio Department of Transportation Section 1 Agency/Organization Ohio Department of Transportation Location (City, State, Country) Columbus (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed fixed Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) linear Uni/bi-directional uni or bi Number of axles 1 Own power (diesel/electric/other)/ shore power hydraulic Field site/fixed site fixed site Roads/airfields roads Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) fixed device Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) http://www.ohio.edu/orite/facilities/accelpaveload.cfm Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) http://www.ohio.edu/orite/facilities/accelpaveload.cfm Tire wander options yes Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) air bag Temperature control options http://www.ohio.edu/orite/facilities/accelpaveload.cfm Speed range http://www.ohio.edu/orite/facilities/accelpaveload.cfm Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? yes APT webpage link http://www.ohio.edu/orite/facilities/accelpaveload.cfm Other none (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (EDRC) WES Section 1 Agency/Organization U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, ERDC Location (City, State, Country) Vicksburg (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed mobile Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) linear Uni/bi-directional uni and bi Number of axles 1 or 2 Own power (diesel/electric/other)/shore power Both shore and from generator set Field site/fixed site Fixed site with option of field sites Roads/airfields Roads and airfields Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Self-drive for short distance/truck driven for long distance

182 tires as well as range per tire) 440 kN) on gear/tire configuration Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) Truck (super single, single axle, dual axle. Aircraft— C17 single tire, F-15 single tire Tire wander options 3 ft (930 mm) wander Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) Suspension for self– drive/steering Temperature control options 14 to 140°F (−10°C to 60°C) Speed range 0.6 to 7.5 mph (1 to 12 km/h) Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? yes APT webpage link N/A Other N/A (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation None Permanent surface strain foil strain gauges applied to surface of pavement Permanent in-depth deformation SDD—Single Depth Deflectometer (LVDT) Permanent in-depth strain asphalt or concrete strain gauge Elastic surface deflection None Elastic surface strain foil strain gauge applied to surface of pavement Elastic in-depth deflection SDD Elastic in-depth strain concrete or asphalt strain gauge Density Nuke gauge Temperature I-button Moisture Campbell SCI water content sensor Stiffness Earth pressure sensor New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) Other—please provide details (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program Roads agency or state research program Academic research plan Commercial research plan yes Construction products Partnership program International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs Other Military Airfield research for Air Force, roads and airfields for Marines and Army Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all 2.2 to 100 kip (10 kN to Range/tire depends Number of pavement sections tested Thousands (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 1940

183 Typical duration of APT tests in months 3 Typical number of repetitions per test 100,000 End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) Failure Estimated capital cost of APT equipment $20 million Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 6 30 10 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other x (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other 95% 5% $5 million annual budget $250k Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Is funding guaranteed? no (21) Provide typical information of cost of APT. Parameter Budget Number of years Type of projects Breakdown of budget Operational Maintenance Staff Construction $5 million 500K 500K 3 million 1 million 1 1 HVS/various load carts Average operational cost per test Annual APT budget (US$) Average US$ per standard repetition (one direction) for a typical 1 year program (not short- term studies) (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information New version of HVS software just installed. New computers planned. (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field

184 APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other Structural design/mix design structural and mix design work (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type No standard database or storage is being used. (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used (41) What is the basis of the selection of full-scale APT test sections in your program? Description Selection Details Official research program Ad hoc test selection Academic interest Other Questionnaire information—International programs Australia—ARRB Section 1 Agency/Organization ARRB Group Location (City, State, Country) Australia (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed Fixed Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) Linear Uni/bi-directional Bi Number of axles 1 Own power (diesel/electric/other)/shore power Electric Field site/fixed site Fixed Roads/airfields yes Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Fixed Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) HGV Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) Various dual or single Tire wander options yes Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) yes Temperature control options yes use of heaters Speed range 0 to 12.5 mph (0 to 20 km/h) Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? Separate logging data dependent upon experiment APT webpage link no Other (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation Primarily precise leveling Permanent surface strain Permanent in-depth deformation slab extraction Permanent in-depth strain Various

185 Elastic surface deflection Various Elastic surface strain Elastic in-depth deflection Various Elastic in-depth strain Various Density Gauge or sample Temperature Thermocouples Moisture unbound layers Stiffness In situ or material sampling—tested separately New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) Other—please provide details (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program Roads agency or state research program Academic research plan Commercial research plan Y Partnership program International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Y Local research needs Y Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 1984 Number of pavement sections tested too many to catalogue here Typical duration of APT tests in months 1 to 3 Typical number of repetitions per test specific to project End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) specific to project Estimated capital cost of APT equipment N/K Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other x (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/state governments National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other Y Y Y Y

186 Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Y Y Is funding guaranteed? N (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information Always looking at new ways of instrumenting experiments (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other product comparison/developments of guidelines (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type No single database. Project specific data. Electronic. (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used (41) What is the basis of the selection of full-scale APT test sections in your program? Description Selection Details Official research program client driven Ad hoc test selection client driven Academic interest Other Brazil—Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Section 1 Agency/Organization Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Location (City, State, Country) Brazil (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed Fixed At the University Campus Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) Linear Only Uni/bi-directional Uni-directional Might be bi-directional Number of axles one half-axle That is two wheels Own power (diesel/electric/other)/shore power Own Electric Field site/fixed site Fixed At the University Campus Roads/airfields Roads Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Automated driven Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 9.5 to 13.5 kip (42 to 60 kN) half axle; 4.7 to 6.7 kip (21 to 30 kN) per wheel

187 ranging from 81 to 100 psi (0.56 to 0.70 kPa) Tire wander options Wanders Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) Permanent Temperature control options no Speed range 3 to 5 mph (5 to 8 km/h) Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? APT webpage link None Other Nothing else (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation We use a profilograph Permanent surface strain Permanent in-depth deformation Permanent in-depth strain Elastic surface deflection Measured with a Road Surface Deflection and Benkelman beam. FWD is very rarely available Elastic surface strain Elastic in-depth deflection Wish we had MDD Elastic in-depth strain In unbound layers sometimes we install vertical strain gauges Kyowa K-120 Density Non-nuclear Temperature yes Moisture Stiffness New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) Other—please provide details Sometimes we install tensiometers to measure soil suction Jet-fill tensiometers (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program Roads agency or state research program Sometimes Academic research plan Always Commercial research plan Sometimes Partnership program International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs Always Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 1996 Number of pavement sections tested 20 Typical duration of APT tests in months Variable from 3 months to years Typical number of repetitions per test From 100,000 to 1,000,000 End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) Sometimes we aim at a failure criterion. In a few cases we limit the number of repetitions Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) ply tires, inflation pressure

188 Estimated capital cost of APT equipment US$ 1,000,000 Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 2 4 2 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other The DOT funded the assembling of the traffic simulator and paid for the first ten to twelve test sections, but that was 15 years ago. Some enterprises have funded researches The university pays the researches salaries and scholarships and provides basic infrastructure $150,000 $200,000 Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Is funding guaranteed? (21) Provide typical information of cost of APT. Parameter Budget Number of years Type of projects Breakdown of budget Operational Maintenance Staff Construction $250,000 $200,000 $50,000 $30,000 15 15 15 Academic Academic Academic/commercial Average operational cost per test US$ 1 Annual APT budget (US$) Average US$ per standard repetition (one direction) for a typical 1 year program (not short-term studies) (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information The traffic simulator has just been updated. An automated driven system for moving from one test section to other has been added. (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory Materials characterization and performance tests (fatigue, resilient modulus, etc.) APT and LTPP Very little experience (paving fabrics) APT and field Very little experience (paving fabrics) APT, laboratory, and LTPP Very little experience APT, laboratory, and field Very little experience

189 APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Very little experience Other (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type Very basic: computer files, sheets and the resulting papers (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used Whoever wants may access the data China—China Merchants Chongqing Communications Research & Design Institute Section 1 Agency/Organization China Merchants Chongqing Communications Research & Design Institute Co., Ltd. Location (City, State, Country) Chongqing (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed mobile Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) nonlinear Uni/bi-directional bi-directional loading Number of axles two Own power (diesel/electric/ other)/shore power electric Field site/fixed site fixed site Roads/airfields roads Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Fixed device Load range (range in kN— indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 24.7 to 33.7 kip (110 to 150 kN) for all tires, 6 to 8.4 kip (27.5 to 37.5 kN) per tire Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) 900-20-14, C856 Tire wander options 2 in. (50 mm) Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) The precision and survival rate of the sensor are all too low Temperature control options 41 to 158°F (5 to 70°C) Speed range 37 mph (60 km/h) (max) Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? APT webpage link http://www.ccrdi.com/Category_96/Index_1.aspx Other The max vertical slope is 6% (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation displacement sensor Permanent surface strain Permanent in-depth deformation displacement sensor

190 Permanent in-depth strain Elastic surface deflection Elastic surface strain Elastic in-depth deflection Elastic in-depth strain Density Temperature temperature sensor Moisture Stiffness New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) Other—please provide details (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program Roads agency or state research program the client Academic research plan Commercial research plan Partnership program International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program Number of pavement sections tested eight Typical duration of APT tests in months eight Typical number of repetitions per test 1,000,000 End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) test to predetermined number of repetitions Estimated capital cost of APT equipment 3,000,000 RMB Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical One Three Two (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other The deformation of the APT, the depth of the rutting test

191 (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used through some process of my company, the other researchers can get the data China—Liaoning Province Communication Research Institute Section 1 Agency/Organization Liaoning Province Communication Research Institute Location (City, State, Country) Shenyang (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed Mobile Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) Linear Uni/bi-directional Uni-directional Number of axles 6 Own power (diesel/electric/other)/shore power both Field site/fixed site both Roads/airfields both Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) fixed Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 11.2 to 19 kip (50 to 85 kN) per tire Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) Tire wander options yes Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) present Temperature control options Ambient temperature to 158°F (70°C) Speed range 1,500 to 6,000 times load per hour Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? applied speed APT webpage link Other None (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation Profilometer Permanent surface strain Sensor Permanent in-depth deformation FWD Permanent in-depth strain Elastic surface deflection Elastic surface strain Elastic in-depth deflection Elastic in-depth strain Density Temperature Thermocouple Moisture Sensor Stiffness New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) Other—please provide details

192 (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program Roads agency or state research program yes Academic research plan Commercial research plan Partnership program International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs Other (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections Rehabilitation option comparison Other (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used China—Tongji University Section 1 Agency/Organization Tongji University Location (City, State, Country) Shanghai (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed mobile Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) Linear Uni/bi-directional Uni-directional Number of axles 6 Own power (diesel/electric/other)/shore power Diesel power and shore power Field site/fixed site field site Roads/airfields roads Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Trucks (manually driven) Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 5 to 16.8 kip (20 to 75 kN) for all tires or per tire Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) 305/70 R22.5 Maximum pressure: about 189 psi (1 300 kPa) Tire wander options 18 in. to +18 in. (−− 450 to +450 mm) Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) Present Its suspension theory is not clear for me Temperature control options yes Speed range 3.3 to 13.4 mph (1,500 to 6,000 mm/s) Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? set speed, applied speed, load, location APT webpage link no Other no

193 (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation profilometer Permanent surface strain Permanent in-depth deformation strain gauge http://www.geokon.cn/en/?p=3&a=view&c=5&r=9 Permanent in-depth strain strain gauge Elastic surface deflection FWD Elastic surface strain strain gauge Elastic in-depth deflection strain gauge Elastic in-depth strain strain gauge Density cores measured in lab Temperature thermal couple http://www.geokon.cn/en/?p=3&a=view&c=5&r=7 Moisture moisture gauge Stiffness PSPA New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) Other—please provide details (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program yes fundamental research Roads agency or state research program Academic research plan Commercial research plan Partnership program International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs yes performance of specified pavement structures Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 2009-9-30 Number of pavement sections tested 2 Typical duration of APT tests in months 3 months Typical number of repetitions per test 1 million End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) rutting or fatigue cracking Estimated capital cost of APT equipment 170,000 US$ Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 2 10 2 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections Rehabilitation option comparison Other

194 (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other 80% 20% $140,000 $30,000 Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Is funding guaranteed? (21) Provide typical information of cost of APT. Parameter Budget Number of years Type of projects Breakdown of budget Operational Maintenance Staff Construction $170,000 $40,000 $20,000 $20,000 $90,000 1 1 year of two ad hoc tests Average operational cost per test Annual APT budget (US$) Average US$ per standard repetition (one direction) for a typical 1 year program (not short- term studies) (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information Improve the ability to collect the dynamic rutting information (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other Compare the results from APT testing and lab testing (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type No special database. (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used Need to apply Germany—BASt Section 1 Agency/Organization Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) Location (City, State, Country) Germany

195 (13) Provide details of the full - scale APT device that you own / use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile / fixed Mobile and fixed MLS and impulse g enerator Linear / non-linear (circular, elliptical) linear MLS and impulse generator Uni/bi-directional Uni/bidirectional MLS and impulse generator Number of axles 4 MLS Own power (diesel / electric / other)/shore power Diesel and electric MLS and impulse generator Field site/ fixed site fixed site Roads / airfields Roads Fixed device / trucks (automated or manually driven) Fixed Load range (range in kN — indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 6.7 to 14.6 kip ( 30 to 65 kN ) Tire detail s (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) Single/twin truck tires MLS Tire wander options yes MLS and impulse generator Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc. ) no Temperature control options yes Indoor test section Sp eed range Creep — 13.6 mph (22 km/h) MLS Dedicated operational data collection on full - scale APT device during operation ( i.e., applied speed, load, location etc. )? Detailed data collection MLS and impulse generator APT webpage link www.bast.de http://www .bast.de/cln_007/nn_16996 4/DE/Aufgaben/abteilungs/ abteilung - s - node.html?__nnn=true Other http://www.bast.de/cln_005/nn_43710 /EN/e - publikationen/epublikationen__ node.html?__nnn=true (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use du ring full - scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details — background on instrument, commercial or in - house developed Permanent surface deformation Laser profiler For all: http://www.bast.de/cln_005/nn_43710/EN/ epublikationen/epublikationen__node.html?__ nnn=true Permanent surface strain Permanent in-depth deformation Permanent in-depth strain Strain gauges in-house development Elastic surface deflection FWD, accelerometer, geophones Carl Bro, commercial Elastic surface strain Elastic in-depth deflection Elastic in-depth strain Strain gauges in-house Density Nuclear gauge Troxler Temperature Thermocouples in-house Moisture Stiffness FWD backcalculation Carl Bro New parameter (list) Pavement velocity and acceleration commercial Important but not measured (list) Strain in unbound layers commercial Other—please provide details Pressure in unbound layers in-house

196 Roads agency or state research program Academic research plan Commercial research plan Partnership program International cooperative program not yet Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 1997 “ Sieben Stufen Plan ” “ Seven Stage Program ” Number of pavement sections tested 8 Typical duration of APT tests in months Depending on research objective Typical number of repetitions per test >1 mi llion load impulses and/or tir e passing End - condition objective ( i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) D epending on research objective Estimated capital cost of APT equipment Number of staff Managerial / administrative Professional Technical 2 3 (19) Which of the following full - scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In - service field test se ctions Rehabilitation option comparison Other (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local / s tate g overnment National government International Con sortium Commercial Academic Other Funding Type of funding Short - term ( project - linked ) Long - term ( program - linked ) Intermittent / ad hoc Budget per project National research funding “ Innovation Program ” Is funding guaranteed? yes (21) Provide typical information of cost of APT. Parameter Budget Number of years Type of projects Breakdown of budget Operational Maintenance Staff Construction (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program yes

197 di rection) for a typical 1 year program (not short - term studies) (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device . Information Implementation of a new APT device (MLS 10) (23) Provide information on the way in which you combin e full - scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long - term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases / reference to tests / reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and L TPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other Coring, determination of fatigue and stiffness (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevan t to owners of APT devices) ( Only space to add own information — no automatic selections ). Database type EXCEL files (among others) (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for ana lysis? Data available to non - APT owners yes /no Data shared with other APT programs yes / no Process / vehicle used Japan — PWRI Section 1 Agency/Organization Public Works Research I nstitute Location (City, State, Country) Tsukuba (13) Provide details of the full - scale APT device that you own / use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile / fixed F ixed Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) C ircular Uni/bi-directional U ni Number of axles 400 , 000/year Own power (diesel / electric / other)/shore power diesel Field site/ fixed site fixed Roads / airfields roads Fixed device / trucks (automated or manually driven) automated trucks Load range (range in kN — indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 7 to 25 kip ( 31.85 to 1 56.8 kN ) wheel load T ire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) 295/80R22.5 Tire wander options automatically controlled to wander ±10 in. ( 25 0 m m ) around the center Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc. ) S ame as actual truck T emperature control options N one Speed range Less than 24.8 mph ( 40 km/h ) Dedicated operational Average US$ per standard repetition (one Average operational cost per test Annual APT budget (US$)

198 (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation Manual Permanent surface strain None Permanent in-depth deformation None Permanent in-depth strain None Elastic surface deflection FWD Elastic surface strain FWD Elastic in-depth deflection FWD Elastic in-depth strain FWD Density Manual Temperature Occasionally by manual Moisture None Stiffness None New parameter (list) Skid resistance Important but not measured (list) Inside temperature Other—please provide details None (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program applicable Roads agency or state research program Academic research plan applicable Commercial research plan applicable Partnership program applicable International cooperative program Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs applicable Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program since 1970s Number of pavement sections tested more than 10 Typical duration of APT tests in months 20 days Typical number of repetitions per test 1,000,000 End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) predetermined number or failure Estimated capital cost of APT equipment 5,000,000 US$ Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 1 1 2 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? speed, location and number of passengers APT webpage link http://www.pwri.go.jp/team/pavement/eindex.html Other None

199 National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other Type of funding Short - term ( project - linked ) Long - term ( program - linked ) Intermittent / ad hoc Is funding guarant eed? (21) Provide typical information of cost of APT . Parameter Budget Number of years Type of projects Breakdown of budget Operational Maintenance Staff Construction $ 200 , 000 $ 150 , 000 $ 50 , 000 no specific staff 0 (changed e very year) Average opera tional cost per test Annual APT budget (US$) Average US$ per standard repetition (one direction) for a typical 1 year program (not short - term studies) (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly lin ked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non - APT owners yes /no Data shared with other APT programs yes / no Process / vehicle used Netherlands — Delft University of Technology Section 1 Agency/Organization Delft University of Technology Lo cation (City, State, Country) Netherlands (13) Provide details of the full - scale APT device that you own / use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed Fixed Fixed to test area, but mobile on that test area Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) Linear Uni/bi-directional Bi-directional loading Number of axles 1 Own power (diesel/electric/other)/shore power Own power (electric) Field site/fixed site Fixed site Roads/airfields Roads Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Fixed device Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 5.6 to 22.5 kip (25 to 100 kN) Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) All types of wide base and dual tires, inflation pressure up to 130 psi (900 kPa) Tire wander options Any lateral wander distribution Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) No suspension (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/state government 200,000 US$

200 Speed range 0 to 12.4 mph (0 to 20 km/h) Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location etc.)? All available APT webpage link Available, but not to date Other None (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program Early nineties Number of pavement sections tested Around 20 (including orthotropic steel deck bridge) Typical duration of APT tests in months Ranging from 0.25 to 4 Typical number of repetitions per test Ranging from 10,000 to millions End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) Depends, sometimes predefined number of load repetitions, sometimes failure (e.g., rut depth, cracking of asphalt or concrete pavement) Estimated capital cost of APT equipment 1 million Euros Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 0.2 0.4 1 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other Irregular/ad hoc commission of funding projects Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Is funding guaranteed? no (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device. Information No planned new developments. (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP Temperature control options Only heating [up to 86°F (30°C) above ambient temperature], no cooling

201 APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other Was done with APT rutting research of asphalt pavement and laboratory triaxial testing of applied asphalt mixes Was done with APT research on modular pavement structures, orthotropic steel deck bridges and silent joints between bridge and abutment (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type Project-based computer database (CD-ROMS etc.) (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used no On request South Africa—CSIR Section 1 Agency/Organization CSIR Built Environment Location (City, State, Country) South Africa (13) Provide details of the full-scale APT device that you own/use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile/fixed HVS Mk III & IV www.dynatest.com Linear/nonlinear (circular, elliptical) linear Uni-/bi-directional yes Number of axles 1 Own power (diesel/electric/other)/shore power both Field site/fixed site both Roads/airfields roads Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) no Load range (range in kN—indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 4.5 to 45 kip (20 to 200 kN) Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) dual, wide base, aircraft Tire wander options Yes, 0 to 59 in. (0 to 1.5 m) wide Suspension (present or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc.) No Temperature control options yes, hot and cold Speed range 0 to 4.9 mph (0 to 8 km/h) Dedicated operational data collection on full-scale APT device during operation (i.e., applied speed, load, location, etc.)? Yes APT webpage link www.gautrans-hvs.co.za www.dynatest.com Other None (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full-scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details—background on instrument, commercial or in-house developed Permanent surface deformation Wireless laser Profilometer in-house developed.www.Dynatest.com Permanent surface strain No

202 Permanent in-depth deformation MDD In-house developed.www.Dynatest.com Permanent in-depth strain No Elastic surface deflection MDD, JDMD, RSD In-house developed.www.Dynatest.com Elastic surface strain No Elastic in-depth deflection MDD In-house developed.www.Dynatest.com Elastic in-depth strain Density Nuclear density gauge troxler Temperature thermocouples temperature buttons National instruments Moisture No Stiffness New parameter (list) Important but not measured (list) in situ moisture, horizontal strain, vertical stress Other—please provide details (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program Roads agency or state research program x Academic research plan x Commercial research plan Partnership program x International cooperative program x Ad hoc use of device—no specific program Local research needs Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 1976 Number of pavement sections tested 480 Typical duration of APT tests in months 6 months Typical number of repetitions per test 1 million End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) failure determination Estimated capital cost of APT equipment Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 2 2 10 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial 95% funder/sponsor External project based $0.7 million $500,000 Academic Other 5% asphalt and concrete associations $50,000

203 Type of fun ding Short - term ( project - linked ) Long - term ( program - linked ) Intermittent / ad hoc Is funding guaranteed? no (22) Provide an indication of any planned new developments on your device . Information W ireless technology, moisture sensors, pressure sensors . (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full - scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long - term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases / reference to tests / reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other APT verification on lab designs ; lab investigate s more variables than APT. LTPP sections identified next to field APT se ctions. Evaluations 2x per year . APT tests compared with full - scale field trail sections . (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) ( Only sp ace to add own information — no automatic selections ). Database type MS access, XLS - based (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non - APT owners ye s /no Data shared with other APT programs yes / no Process / vehicle used T hrough websites, published reports and conferences T hrough websites, published reports and conferences www.gautrans - hvs.co.za;www.hvsia.co.za (41) What is the basis of the selection of full - scale APT test sections in your program? Description Selection Details Official research program Ad hoc test selection Academic interest Other APT steering committee Sweden — VTI Section 1 Agency/Organization VTI — The Swedish Road and T ransport Research Institute Location (City, State, Country) Linköping (13) Provide details of the full - scale APT device that you own / use. Parameter Selection Comment Mobile / fixed Mobil Linear/non-linear (circular, elliptical) Linear Uni/bi-directional Bi - direction Number of axles One Own power (diesel / electric / other)/shore power Diesel or electric Field site/ fixed site Field Roads/airfields Roads Fixed device/trucks (automated or manually driven) Fixed device automated driven

204 Load range ( range in kN — indicate full load for all tires as well as range per tire) 6.7 to 24.7 kip ( 30 to 110 kN) Tire details (size, type, inflation pressure range, other) Single/dual truck tire Tire wander options 0 to 27.5 in. ( 0 to 700 mm) Suspension (presen t or not, types possible, permanent or not, etc. ) Hydraulic Temperature control options yes Pavement t emp erature 32 to 86°F ( 0 to 30°C ) Speed range 0 to 7.5 mph ( 0 to 12 km/h ) Dedicated operational data collection on full - scale APT device during opera tion ( i.e., applied speed, load, location etc. )? S peed, load, location, number of repetitions APT webpage link www.vti.se Other HVS Mark IV (14) Provide details of the instrumentation that you typically use during full - scale APT tests by completing the table. Parameter Instrument used Details — background on instrument, commercial or in - house developed Permanent surface deformation laser profile Permanent surface strain LVDT Permanent in - depth deformation LVDT/emu Permanent in - depth strain e mu Elastic surface deflection LVDT Elastic surface strain Elastic in - depth deflection emu Elastic in - depth strain emu Density Troxler Temperature Pt100 Moisture TDR Stiffness FWD / LWD KUAB New parameter (list) Important but not measured ( list) Other — please provide details Ground water table (15) Provide a description of the nature or purpose of your APT program. Parameter All applicable Primary selection National research program x Roads agency or state research program Academic research plan x Commercial research plan x Partnership program International cooperative program x Ad hoc use of device—no specific program x Tire pressure influence on performance Local research needs Other (16) Provide a summarized (bulleted version indicating major dates and topics only, probably not more than a page) history of your program by completing the table and adding explanatory notes. Description Information Initiation of program 1998 Number of pavement sections tested 20 Typical duration of APT tests in months 2 months Typical number of repetitions per test 500,000 End-condition objective (i.e., test to predetermined number of repetitions, failure, something else) rut exceeds critical value Estimated capital cost of APT equipment ? Number of staff Managerial/administrative Professional Technical 2 2 4

205 (19) Which of the following full-scale APT types of tests are you conducting? Parameter Often Infrequently Never Dedicated constructed test sections (normal construction) x Dedicated constructed test sections (test pit) x In-service field test sections x Rehabilitation option comparison x Other (20) Provide information on your funding model and levels. Parameter Model used Funding levels (annual budget) Funding agency (sponsor) Local/state government National government International Consortium Commercial Academic Other Research program Application Contracts Contracts Swedish Transport Administration EU projects Contractor International Road Administrations Type of funding Short-term (project-linked) Long-term (program-linked) Intermittent/ad hoc Is funding guaranteed? (21) Provide typical information of cost of APT. Parameter Budget Number of years Type of projects Breakdown of budget Operational Maintenance Staff Construction $500,000 $50,000 $50,000 $350,000 $50,000 3 Research project Average operational cost per test Annual APT budget (US$) Average US$ per standard repetition (one direction) for a typical 1 year program (not short- term studies) 0,5 (23) Provide information on the way in which you combine full-scale APT, laboratory testing, field testing, and long-term pavement performance (LTPP) in your program. Parameter All relevant Number of cases/reference to tests/reports APT and laboratory APT and LTPP APT and field APT, laboratory, and LTPP APT, laboratory, and field APT, laboratory, field, and LTPP Other stiffness, fatigue, RLTT etc. stiffness, fatigue, RLTT etc. (30) Provide information on the type of database or storage method that is used to store data in your APT program (only relevant to owners of APT devices) (Only space to add own information—no automatic selections). Database type Microsoft Access database (31) Do you make data from your APT program available to other researchers (not directly linked to your APT program) for analysis? Data available to non-APT owners yes/no Data shared with other APT programs yes/no Process/vehicle used on request