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i | P a g e Contents Contents ......................................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures and Tables .............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................ iii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ iv Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Findings ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Possible Options ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Chapter 1 Background .................................................................................................................................. 5 Profile of Businesses that are Involved in Toll Decision Making ............................................................... 7 Chapter 2 Research Approach .................................................................................................................... 19 Targeting Actors in Trucking Business Transactions ............................................................................... 19 Survey Construct ..................................................................................................................................... 20 Website for Survey .................................................................................................................................. 21 Shipper, Trucking Company, and Driver Interviews ............................................................................... 21 Chapter 3 Findings and Applications .......................................................................................................... 23 Web-Based Survey Analysis .................................................................................................................... 23 Trucking Industry Attitudes about Tolling .............................................................................................. 32 Personal Surveys at Trucking Industry Trade Shows .............................................................................. 39 Shipper/Beneficial Cargo Owner Attitudes ............................................................................................. 48 Key Findings ............................................................................................................................................ 48 Chapter 4 Conclusions and Suggested Research ........................................................................................ 52 Chapter 5 References .................................................................................................................................. 57 Appendix A: Literature Review ..................................................................................................................... 1 Standard Methods of Modeling Truck Toll Traffic .................................................................................... 1 Factors Affecting Truckersâ Willingness to Pay Tolls ................................................................................. 2 Deficiencies of Current Toll Estimation Methods ..................................................................................... 7 Consequences of Inaccurate Toll Estimation ............................................................................................ 8 Literature Review Summary ...................................................................................................................... 8