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Literature Search Results
Two sets of literature searches were performed for nutrient composition and milk volume. The first set was performed in Medline (Ovid) in December 2019. The second search set was conducted in Embase (Ovid), PubMed, and Scopus in January 2020. At this time, the Medline searches were also rerun to capture any reports published since the December search. Each set contained separate searches for nutrient composition and milk volume. The initial literature search was conducted beginning with 1970; however, it was later refined to studies from 1980 onward in order to capture more consistent and up-to-date methodologies in nutrient analyses. The search results are presented in the following tables.
Search Topic: Nutrient Composition of Human Milk
Database: Medline (Ovid)
Search Date: December 12, 2019
| Search No. | Syntax | Results |
| 1 | Milk, Human/ | 18,742 |
| 2 | Breast Feeding/ | 36,452 |
| 3 | Breast Milk Expression/ | 278 |
| 4 | (human milk or breast milk or breastmilk).ti,ab,kw,kf. | 19,975 |
| 5 | or/1-4 | 54,373 |
| 6 | Nutrients/ | 1,171 |
| 7 | Micronutrients/ | 5,548 |
| 8 | Vitamins/ | 30,511 |
| 9 | Minerals/ | 22,945 |
| 10 | “Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena”/ | 14,784 |
| 11 | Lactose/ | 11,298 |
| 12 | Milk Proteins/ | 11,536 |
| 13 | Fatty Acids/ | 83,454 |
| 14 | Linoleic Acid/ | 6,188 |
| 15 | alpha-Linolenic Acid/ | 2,874 |
| 16 | Eicosapentaenoic Acid/ | 5,965 |
| 17 | Docosahexaenoic Acids/ | 8,425 |
| 18 | Vitamin A/ | 23,704 |
| 19 | Vitamin D/ | 33,449 |
| 20 | Vitamin E/ | 26,307 |
| 21 | Vitamin K/ | 11,529 |
| 22 | Thiamine/ | 9,923 |
| 23 | Riboflavin/ | 8,339 |
| 24 | Niacin/ | 10,703 |
| 25 | Vitamin B 6/ | 2,717 |
| 26 | Folic Acid/ | 26,641 |
| 27 | Vitamin B 12/ | 20,604 |
| 28 | Pantothenic Acid/ | 2,902 |
| 29 | Biotin/ | 13,788 |
| 30 | Choline/ | 18,155 |
| 31 | Copper/ | 67,164 |
| 32 | Fluorides/ | 25,727 |
| 33 | Iodine/ | 24,936 |
| 34 | Iron/ | 92,331 |
| 35 | Magnesium/ | 66,614 |
| 36 | Manganese/ | 24,087 |
| 37 | Molybdenum/ | 7,730 |
| 38 | Chromium/ | 14,165 |
| 39 | Calcium/ | 264,939 |
| 40 | Phosphorus/ | 41,882 |
| 41 | Selenium/ | 20,253 |
| 42 | Zinc/ | 58,592 |
| 43 | Sodium/ | 104,877 |
| 44 | Potassium/ | 100,571 |
| 45 | Chlorides/ | 44,005 |
| 46 | Oligosaccharides/ | 24,010 |
| 47 | (nutrient* or micronutrient* or macronutrient* or vitamin* or mineral* or lactose* or protein* or fat* or lipid* or linoleic acid* or alpha linolenic acid* or eicosapentaenoic acid* or docosahexaenoic acid* or vitamin a or vitamin c or vitamin d or vitamin e or vitamin k or thiamin* or riboflavin* or niacin* or vitamin b6 or vitamin b 6 or folate* or folacin* or folic* or folic acid* or vitamin b12 or vitamin b 12 or pantothenic acid* or biotin* or choline* or copper* or fluoride* or iodine* or iron* or magnesium* or manganese* or molybdenum* or chromium* or calcium* or phosphorus* or selenium* or zinc* or sodium* or potassium* or chloride* or cobalamin* or oligosaccharide*).ti,ab,kw,kf. | 4,669,392 |
| 48 | composition*.ti,ab,kw,kf. | 337,426 |
| 49 | or/6-48 | 5,143,025 |
| 50 | Case Reports/ | 1,963,775 |
| 51 | Editorial/ | 456,019 |
| 52 | Comment/ | 764,287 |
| 53 | or/50-52 | 3,015,432 |
| 54 | 5 and 49 | 19,432 |
| 55 | 54 not (Animals/ not (Animals/ and Humans/)) | 18,885 |
| 56 | 55 not 53 | 17,926 |
| 57 | 56 | 17,926 |
| 58 | limit 57 to (english language and yr=“1970-Current”) | 15,163 |
Search Topic: Nutrient Composition of Human Milk
Database: Medline (Ovid)
Search Date: January 8, 2020
| Search No. | Syntax | Results |
| 1 | Milk, Human/ | 18,795 |
| 2 | Breast Feeding/ | 36,578 |
| 3 | Breast Milk Expression/ | 280 |
| 4 | (human milk or breast milk or breastmilk).ti,ab,kw,kf. | 20,054 |
| 5 | or/1-4 | 54,555 |
| 6 | Nutrients/ | 1,274 |
| 7 | Micronutrients/ | 5,579 |
| 8 | Vitamins/ | 30,569 |
| 9 | Minerals/ | 23,004 |
| 10 | “Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena”/ | 14,811 |
| 11 | Lactose/ | 11,324 |
| 12 | Milk Proteins/ | 11,560 |
| 13 | Fatty Acids/ | 83,660 |
| 14 | Linoleic Acid/ | 6,197 |
| 15 | alpha-Linolenic Acid/ | 2,884 |
| 16 | Eicosapentaenoic Acid/ | 5,992 |
| 17 | Docosahexaenoic Acids/ | 8,455 |
| 18 | Vitamin A/ | 23,733 |
| 19 | Vitamin D/ | 33,612 |
| 20 | Vitamin E/ | 26,341 |
| 21 | Vitamin K/ | 11,569 |
| 22 | Thiamine/ | 9,935 |
| 23 | Riboflavin/ | 8,373 |
| 24 | Niacin/ | 10,708 |
| 25 | Vitamin B 6/ | 2,721 |
| 26 | Folic Acid/ | 26,706 |
| 27 | Vitamin B 12/ | 20,637 |
| 28 | Pantothenic Acid/ | 2,904 |
| 29 | Biotin/ | 13,821 |
| 30 | Choline/ | 18,179 |
| 31 | Copper/ | 67,332 |
| 32 | Fluorides/ | 25,794 |
| 33 | Iodine/ | 24,966 |
| 34 | Iron/ | 92,572 |
| 35 | Magnesium/ | 66,673 |
| 36 | Manganese/ | 24,136 |
| 37 | Molybdenum/ | 7,749 |
| 38 | Chromium/ | 14,202 |
| 39 | Calcium/ | 265,305 |
| 40 | Phosphorus/ | 41,998 |
| 41 | Selenium/ | 20,311 |
| 42 | Zinc/ | 58,706 |
| 43 | Sodium/ | 104,967 |
| 44 | Potassium/ | 100,632 |
| 45 | Chlorides/ | 44,034 |
| 46 | Oligosaccharides/ | 24,049 |
| 47 | (nutrient* or micronutrient* or macronutrient* or vitamin* or mineral* or lactose* or protein* or fat* or lipid* or linoleic acid* or alpha linolenic acid* or eicosapentaenoic acid* or docosahexaenoic acid* or vitamin a or vitamin c or vitamin d or vitamin e or vitamin k or thiamin* or riboflavin* or niacin* or vitamin b6 or vitamin b 6 or folate* or folacin* or folic* or folic acid* or vitamin b12 or vitamin b 12 or pantothenic acid* or biotin* or choline* or copper* or fluoride* or iodine* or iron* or magnesium* or manganese* or molybdenum* or chromium* or calcium* or phosphorus* or selenium* or zinc* or sodium* or potassium* or chloride* or cobalamin* or oligosaccharide*).ti,ab,kw,kf. | 4,836,211 |
| 48 | composition*.ti,ab,kw,kf. | 339,088 |
| 49 | or/6-48 | 5,275,963 |
| 50 | Case Reports/ | 1,967,885 |
| 51 | Editorial/ | 457,886 |
| 52 | Comment/ | 768,658 |
| 53 | or/50-52 | 3,025,027 |
| 54 | 5 and 49 | 19,902 |
| 55 | 54 not (Animals/ not (Animals/ and Humans/)) | 19,341 |
| 56 | 55 not 53 | 18,361 |
| 57 | 56 | 18,361 |
| 58 | limit 57 to (english language and yr=“1970-Current”) | 15,558 |
Search Topic: Nutrient Composition of Human Milk
Database: Embase (Ovid)
Search Date: January 8, 2020
| Search No. | Syntax | Results |
| 1 | breast milk/ | 26,501 |
| 2 | breast feeding/ | 50,656 |
| 3 | breast milk expression/ | 327 |
| 4 | (human milk or breast milk or breastmilk).ti,ab,kw. | 26,937 |
| 5 | or/1-4 | 75,040 |
| 6 | nutrient/ | 38,413 |
| 7 | vitamin/ | 38,188 |
| 8 | mineral/ | 40,297 |
| 9 | lactose/ | 19,602 |
| 10 | milk protein/ | 10,974 |
| 11 | fatty acid/ | 105,682 |
| 12 | linoleic acid/ | 22,165 |
| 13 | docosahexaenoic acid/ | 20,337 |
| 14 | vitamin D/ | 72,536 |
| 15 | thiamine/ | 17,046 |
| 16 | riboflavin/ | 14,639 |
| 17 | folic acid/ | 56,821 |
| 18 | pantothenic acid/ | 2,791 |
| 19 | biotin/ | 20,951 |
| 20 | choline/ | 23,433 |
| 21 | copper/ | 109,462 |
| 22 | fluoride/ | 28,452 |
| 23 | iodine/ | 25,664 |
| 24 | iron/ | 151,276 |
| 25 | magnesium/ | 73,292 |
| 26 | manganese/ | 49,756 |
| 27 | molybdenum/ | 14,156 |
| 28 | chromium/ | 42,809 |
| 29 | calcium/ | 272,031 |
| 30 | phosphorus/ | 66,006 |
| 31 | selenium/ | 37,047 |
| 32 | zinc/ | 108,584 |
| 33 | sodium/ | 95,918 |
| 34 | potassium/ | 94,324 |
| 35 | chloride/ | 40,669 |
| 36 | oligosaccharide/ | 24,333 |
| 37 | (nutrient* or micronutrient* or macronutrient* or vitamin* or mineral* or lactose* or protein* or fat* or lipid* or linoleic acid* or alpha linolenic acid* or eicosapentaenoic acid* or docosahexaenoic acid* or vitamin a or vitamin c or vitamin d or vitamin e or vitamin k or thiamin* or riboflavin* or niacin* or vitamin b6 or vitamin b 6 or folate* or folacin* or folic* or folic acid* or vitamin b12 or vitamin b 12 or pantothenic acid* or biotin* or choline* or copper* or fluoride* or iodine* or iron* or magnesium* or manganese* or molybdenum* or chromium* or calcium* or phosphorus* or selenium* or zinc* or sodium* or potassium* or chloride* or cobalamin* or oligosaccharide*).ti,ab,kw. | 6,486,556 |
| 38 | composition*.ti,ab,kw. | 480,433 |
| 39 | or/6-38 | 7,004,824 |
| 40 | case report/ | 2,430,557 |
| 41 | editorial/ | 625,741 |
| 42 | note/ | 745,474 |
| 43 | conference paper/ | 751,892 |
| 44 | or/40-43 | 4,464,482 |
| 45 | 5 and 39 | 23,871 |
| 46 | 45 not ((exp animal/ or nonhuman/) not exp human/) | 22,161 |
| 47 | 46 not 44 | 19,600 |
| 48 | limit 47 to (conference abstract or conference paper or “conference review”) | 2,614 |
| 49 | 47 not 48 | 16,986 |
| 50 | limit 49 to (pubmed-not-medline or “pubmed/medline”) | 3,358 |
| 51 | 49 not 50 | 13,628 |
| 52 | limit 51 to (english language and yr=“1970-Current”) | 12,575 |
Search Topic: Nutrient Composition of Human Milk
Database: PubMed
Search Date: January 8, 2020
((“human milk”[Title/Abstract] OR breastfeed[Title/Abstract] OR breastfeeding[Title/Abstract] OR “breast feed”[Title/Abstract] OR “breast feeding”[Title/Abstract] OR “breast fed”[Title/Abstract] OR breastfed[Title/Abstract] OR “breast milk”[Title/Abstract] OR breastmilk[Title/Abstract]) AND (nutrient[Title/Abstract] OR nutrients[Title/Abstract] OR micronutrient[Title/Abstract] OR micronutrients[Title/Abstract] OR macronutrient[Title/Abstract] OR macronutrients[Title/Abstract] OR vitamin[Title/Abstract] OR vitamins[Title/Abstract] OR mineral[Title/Abstract] OR minerals[Title/Abstract] OR lactose[Title/Abstract] OR protein[Title/Abstract] OR proteins[Title/Abstract] OR fat[Title/Abstract] OR fats[Title/Abstract] OR lipid[Title/Abstract] OR lipids[Title/Abstract] OR “linoleic acid”[Title/Abstract] OR “alpha linolenic acid”[Title/Abstract] OR “eicosapentaenoic acid”[Title/Abstract] OR “docosahexaenoic acid”[Title/Abstract] OR “vitamin a”[Title/Abstract] OR “vitamin c”[Title/Abstract] OR “vitamin d”[Title/Abstract] OR “vitamin e”[Title/Abstract] OR “vitamin k”[Title/Abstract] OR thiamin[Title/Abstract] OR riboflavin[Title/Abstract] OR niacin[Title/Abstract] OR “vitamin b6”[Title/Abstract] OR folate[Title/Abstract] OR folacin[Title/Abstract] OR folic[Title/Abstract] OR “folic acid”[Title/Abstract] OR “vitamin b12”[Title/Abstract] OR “pantothenic acid”[Title/Abstract] OR biotin[Title/Abstract] OR choline[Title/Abstract] OR copper[Title/Abstract] OR fluoride[Title/Abstract] OR iodine[Title/Abstract] OR iron[Title/Abstract] OR magnesium[Title/Abstract] OR manganese[Title/Abstract] OR molybdenum[Title/Abstract] OR chromium[Title/Abstract] OR calcium[Title/Abstract] OR phosphorus[Title/Abstract] OR selenium[Title/Abstract] OR zinc[Title/Abstract] OR sodium[Title/Abstract] OR potassium[Title/Abstract] OR chloride[Title/Abstract] OR cobalamin[Title/Abstract] OR oligosaccharide[Title/Abstract] OR oligosaccharides[Title/Abstract] OR composition[Title/Abstract])) AND pubmednotmedline[sb]
Language: English
Exclude Article Type: Case Reports, Comment, Editorial
Results: 695
Search Topic: Nutrient Composition of Human Milk
Database: Scopus
Search Date: January 8, 2020
TITLE-ABS-KEY((“human milk” OR breastfeed* OR “breast feed*” OR “breast fed” OR breastfed OR “breast milk” OR breastmilk) AND (nutrient* OR micronutrient* OR macronutrient* OR vitamin* OR mineral* OR lactose OR protein* OR fat* OR lipid* OR “linoleic acid” OR “alpha linolenic acid” OR “eicosapentaenoic acid” OR “docosahexaenoic acid” OR “vitamin A” OR “vitamin c” OR “vitamin d” OR “vitamin e” OR “vitamin k” OR
thiamin OR riboflavin OR niacin OR “vitamin b6” OR folate OR folacin OR folic OR “folic acid” OR “vitamin b12” OR “pantothenic acid” OR biotin OR choline OR copper OR fluoride OR iodine OR iron OR magnesium OR manganese OR molybdenum OR chromium OR calcium OR phosphorus OR selenium OR zinc OR sodium OR potassium OR chloride OR cobalamin OR oligosaccharide* OR composition)) AND (INDEXTERMS(human*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(human*)) AND NOT INDEX(medline) AND PUBYEAR AFT 1969
Language: English
Exclude Document Type: Conference Paper, Note, Editorial
Results: 4,432
Search Topic: Volume of Human Milk
Database: Medline (Ovid)
Search Date: December 12, 2019
| Search No. | Syntax | Results |
| 1 | Milk, Human/ | 18,742 |
| 2 | Breast Feeding/ | 36,452 |
| 3 | Breast Milk Expression/ | 278 |
| 4 | (human milk* or breastfeed* or breast feed* or breast fed or breastfed or breast milk or breastmilk).ti,ab,kw,kf. | 49,854 |
| 5 | or/1-4 | 64,505 |
| 6 | "Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena"/ | 14,784 |
| 7 | (production or produc* or yield* or consumption* or consum* or amount* or intake* or volume* or output*).ti,ab,kw,kf. | 410,7677 |
| 8 | or/6-7 | 4,119,082 |
| 9 | Case Reports/ | 1,963,775 |
| 10 | Editorial/ | 456,019 |
| 11 | Comment/ | 764,287 |
| 12 | or/9-11 | 3,015,432 |
| 13 | 5 and 8 | 18,189 |
| 14 | 13 not (Animals/ not (Animals/ and Humans/)) | 17,655 |
| 15 | 14 not 12 | 17,031 |
| 16 | limit 15 to english language | 15,111 |
| 17 | 16 | 15,111 |
| 18 | Limit 17 to yr=“1970-Current” | 14,820 |
Search Topic: Volume of Human Milk
Database: Medline (Ovid)
Search Date: January 9, 2020
| Search No. | Syntax | Results |
| 1 | Milk, Human/ | 18,805 |
| 2 | Breast Feeding/ | 36,599 |
| 3 | Breast Milk Expression/ | 280 |
| 4 | (human milk* or breastfeed* or breast feed* or breast fed or breastfed or breast milk or breastmilk).ti,ab,kw,kf. | 50,108 |
| 5 | or/1-4 | 64,782 |
| 6 | “Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena”/ | 14817 |
| 7 | (production or produc* or yield* or consumption* or consum* or amount* or intake* or volume* or output*).ti,ab,kw,kf. | 4,125,658 |
| 8 | or/6-7 | 4,137,080 |
| 9 | Case Reports/ | 1,968,968 |
| 10 | Editorial/ | 458,542 |
| 11 | Comment/ | 769,999 |
| 12 | or/9-11 | 3,027,733 |
| 13 | 5 and 8 | 18,263 |
| 14 | 13 not (Animals/ not (Animals/ and Humans/)) | 17,727 |
| 15 | 14 not 12 | 17,098 |
| 16 | 15 | 17,098 |
| 17 | limit 16 to (english language and yr=“1970-Current”) | 14,885 |
Search Topic: Volume of Human Milk
Database: Embase (Ovid)
Search Date: January 9, 2020
| Search No. | Syntax | Results |
| 1 | breast milk/ | 26,509 |
| 2 | breast feeding/ | 50,668 |
| 3 | breast milk expression/ | 327 |
| 4 | (human milk or breast milk or breastmilk).ti,ab,kw. | 26,945 |
| 5 | or/1-4 | 75,056 |
| 6 | (production or produc* or yield* or consumption* or consum* or amount* or intake* or volume* or output*).ti,ab,kw. | 5,958,104 |
| 7 | case report/ | 2,430,838 |
| 8 | editorial/ | 625,893 |
| 9 | note/ | 745,603 |
| 10 | conference paper/ | 751,905 |
| 11 | or/7-10 | 4,465,056 |
| 12 | 5 and 6 | 17,154 |
| 13 | 12 not ((exp animal/ or nonhuman/) not exp human/) | 15,808 |
| 14 | limit 13 to (conference abstract or conference paper or “conference review”) | 3,044 |
| 15 | 13 not 14 | 12,764 |
| 16 | limit 15 to (pubmed-not-medline or “pubmed/medline”) | 2,570 |
| 17 | 15 not 16 | 10,194 |
| 18 | 17 | 10,194 |
| 19 | limit 18 to (english language and yr=“1970-Current”) | 9,462 |
Search Topic: Volume of Human Milk
Database: Scopus
Search Date: January 21, 2020
TITLE-ABS-KEY((“human milk” OR breastfeed* OR “breast feed*” OR “breast fed” OR breastfed OR “breast milk” OR breastmilk) AND (production OR produc* or yield* or consumption* or consum* or amount* or intake* or volume* or output*)) AND (INDEXTERMS(human*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(human*)) AND NOT INDEX(medline) AND PUBYEAR AFT 1969
Document Type: Exclude: Conference Paper, Note, Editorial
Language: English
Results: 3,161
Search Topic: Volume of Human Milk
Database: PubMed
Search Date: January 21, 2020
((“human milk”[Title/Abstract] OR breastfeed[Title/Abstract] OR breastfeeding[Title/Abstract] OR “breast feed”[Title/Abstract] OR “breast feeding”[Title/Abstract] OR “breast fed”[Title/Abstract] OR breastfed[Title/Abstract] OR “breast milk”[Title/Abstract] OR breastmilk[Title/Abstract]) AND (Production[Title/Abstract] OR produce[Title/Abstract] OR producing[Title/Abstract] OR produces[Title/Abstract] OR produced[Title/Abstract] OR yield[Title/Abstract] OR yielding[Title/Abstract] OR consumption[Title/Abstract] OR consume[Title/Abstract] OR consumed[Title/Abstract] OR consuming[Title/Abstract] OR amount[Title/Abstract] OR amounts[Title/Abstract] OR intake[Title/Abstract] OR intakes[Title/Abstract] OR volume[Title/Abstract] OR output[Title/Abstract] OR outputs[Title/Abstract])) AND pubmednotmedline[sb]
Date: 1970-2020
Language: English
Results: 572
