Strategies for Deterring Trespassing on Rail Transit and Commuter Rail Rights-of-Way, Volume 1: Guidebook (2022)

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B-1   Instructions for Interactive Spreadsheet Overview The interactive spreadsheet is available on the National Academies Press website (www. nap.edu) by searching for TCRP Research Report 233: Strategies for Deterring Trespassing on Rail Transit and Commuter Rail Rights-of-Way. The interactive spreadsheet includes the catalog of countermeasures and a filtering process to narrow the countermeasures based on selected criteria from users. The tool allows for the active narrowing of the menu of counter- measure strategies by selecting categories based on the identified trespassing problem or concern. This tool provides three ways for users to narrow the countermeasure strategies based on different functionality that Microsoft Excel® provides. Users can choose the sheet that works best for them according to their experience and Excel version capabilities. The three methods, designated as drop-down, selection, and interactive worksheets, are described in Table B-1. A P P E N D I X B Worksheet Description Drop-Down Instructions The instructions for the Drop-Down sheet provide step-by-step guidance on how to best utilize the sheet. Example The example demonstrates how to navigate the Drop-Down sheet using Scenario C in the guidebook. Drop-Down The Drop-Down sheet contains the master table of each countermeasure with summarized information in each field. A concise version of the table can be found in Appendix A. A detailed description of each field can be found in Table B-2. Selection Instructions The instructions for the Selection sheet provide step-by-step guidance on how to best utilizethe sheet. Example The example demonstrates how to navigate the Selection sheet using Scenario C in the guidebook. Selection The Selection sheet provides menu options for five selection criteria and the associated factors in list boxes to filter the countermeasures for targeted needs with descriptive fields. Interactive Instructions The instructions for the Interactive sheet provide step-by-step guidance on how to best utilizethe sheet. Example The example demonstrates how to navigate the Interactive sheet using Scenario C in the guidebook. Interactive The Interactive sheet provides menu options for five selection criteria to filter the countermeasures for targeted needs with descriptive fields. Countermeasures Each of the countermeasure sheets provide detailed information discovered through the literature review and case studies. Each sheet is also hyperlinked to the Drop-Down sheet, Selection sheet, and Interactive sheet. Table B-1. Description of each worksheet.

B-2 Strategies for Deterring Trespassing on Rail Transit and Commuter Rail Rights-of-Way Field Description Category This field indicates the three basic categories of grouped countermeasures: • Engineering and Physical Measures • Education and Engagement • Enforcement Countermeasure This field contains 14 trespassing mitigation countermeasures identified in this study: • Fencing, channelization, and barriers • Landscaping • Anti-trespass guard panels • Platform screen doors • Surveillance and detection • Lighting • Approaching train alerts • Track retrieval device • Signage • Community-based collaboration • Public and industry events and campaigns • Employee intervention training • Hope Poles • Law enforcement and patrol Rail System Type This criterion identifies the rail transit systems likely impacted by the identified trespassing activity: • C = Commuter rail • L = Light rail • H = Heavy rail Problem Location This criterion classifies the locations of the trespassing issue into four categories: • Rights-of-way—Trespassing along or across rail rights-of-way, including at-grade crossings and bridges • Equipment and Maintenance Yards—Trespassing into or along restricted yard areas • Stations and Platforms—Trespassing in and around stations and platforms • Non-specific Locations—Trespassing at non-specific or various locations Costs This field shows three different cost levels ($–$$$) based on the collected information throughout the study. Type of Trespassing Addressed This criterion identifies, where possible, whether the problems are trespassing or suicide related. Target Root Cause This criterion identifies the root cause of the trespassing issues. Root causes are divided into five categories, plus an Other category: • Living/Loitering in Right-of-Way—Increasing risk of trespass by presence in or near the rail right-of- way for any number of reasons, which exclude self-harm and criminal behavior but may be made worse by inattention, substance abuse, mental health, and/or living in this area. • Self-Harm Intent—Accessing the rail system with the intent of doing self-harm. • Shortcut/Route Convenience—Accessing the rail system for convenience, lack of awareness, risk taking, or poor community planning. • Criminal Behavior—Accessing the rail system with the intent for criminal behavior, such as vandalism, theft, and risk seeking. • Lost or Dropped Items—Accessing the rail system to retrieve lost or dropped items. • Other—Accessing the rail system due to recreational or seasonal activities, such as hiking; unintended trespassing, such as falls; or other causes. Companion Countermeasure This field provides countermeasures that can be implemented with the selected countermeasure for better effectiveness. Ease of Implementation This criterion is divided into four tiers based on the ease-of-implementation levels. • Tier 1—Strategies that are easiest and fastest to implement at low operating and capital costs. They offer effective solutions for trespassing issues at specific locations. • Tier 2—Strategies that are easiest to implement but typically involve some operating costs or coordination with outside entities (often administrative). These strategies are relatively easy to implement but require more coordination and operating costs. They offer both short-term and long-term benefits. • Tier 3—Strategies that require a longer lead time and typically involve higher operating costs and/or capital costs. Benefit-Cost Tradeoffs This descriptive field provides the expected benefits of implementing the selected countermeasure relative to the cost. • Tier 4—Strategies that require complex implementation, and have the highest cost and complex maintenance activities. These are the most complex strategies in terms of both implementation and cost. Table B-2. Description of each field.

Instructions for Interactive Spreadsheet B-3   Figure B-1. Screenshot of Drop-Down sheet. How to Use This Tool Drop-Down Sheet 1. The Drop-Down sheet (see Figure B-1) contains the master table of each countermeasure with summarized information in each field. The Countermeasure field is hyperlinked to each countermeasure sheet, which contains detailed information like in the guidebook. 2. The user can click the drop-down button for each field (on the header row) to manually filter the table. 3. Once the user clicks the drop-down button, there will be two ways to navigate the sheet using the filtering process. a. The user can type in the search box directly or click the check box to use the basic filter- ing process. However, this option will only allow users to explore the predefined options already typed in each cell. Therefore, first, the user has to review the options closely and select the ones that contain the target information. b. For example, as shown in the screenshot in Figure B-2, if the user clicks the drop-down button for “Problem Location,” the list of combinations of problem locations that are already identified for each countermeasure will appear. c. For advanced text filters, the user can use “Text Filters -> Contains . . .” to filter the table that contains text that the user would like to see (see Figure B-3).

B-4 Strategies for Deterring Trespassing on Rail Transit and Commuter Rail Rights-of-Way Figure B-2. Screenshot of filtering process. Figure B-3. Screenshot of advanced text filter.

Instructions for Interactive Spreadsheet B-5   Figure B-4. Screenshot of Custom AutoFilter. d. The new “Custom AutoFilter” screen will appear, as shown in the screenshot in Fig- ure B-4. For example, suppose a user is looking for countermeasures targeted at rail rights-of-way and maintenance yards. The user would click “contains” in the box at the top left and type “rights-of-way” (simply typing “rights” would work as well) in the box to the right, select “and,” and click “contains” in the box at the bottom left and type “maintenance.” Figure B-5. Screenshot of Selection sheet. Selection Sheet 1. The Selection sheet (see Figure B-5) provides menu options for five selection criteria and the associated factors in list boxes to filter the countermeasures for targeted needs with descrip- tive fields. The Countermeasure field is hyperlinked to each countermeasure sheet, which contains detailed information like in the guidebook. 2. The user can click the drop-down list of each option and choose between “Yes” or “No” based on the targeted information.

B-6 Strategies for Deterring Trespassing on Rail Transit and Commuter Rail Rights-of-Way Figure B-6. Screenshot of Interactive sheet. Figure B-7. Screenshot of Clear Filter. Interactive Sheet 1. The Interactive sheet (see Figure B-6) provides menu options for five selection criteria to filter the countermeasures for targeted needs with descriptive fields. The Countermeasure field is hyperlinked to each countermeasure sheet, which contains detailed information like in the guidebook. 2. The Interactive sheet contains five selection criteria as slicers that allow the user to click the option that applies. 3. The user can select multiple options by turning on the “Multi-Select” button or by holding down the Ctrl key on the keyboard and selecting as many options as desired. 4. The “Clear Filter” button will reset the filter for a selected slicer (see Figure B-7). Note Macros should be enabled to use the full functionality of this tool.

Abbreviations and acronyms used without denitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration GHSA Governors Highway Safety Association HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S. DOT United States Department of Transportation

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