Appendix C
Biographical Sketches of Workshop Planning Committee Members and Speakers
PLANNING COMMITTEE1
Walter R. Frontera, M.D., Ph.D., FRCP (Chair),* is professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation and physiology at the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. He formerly served as inaugural chair and professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation at Harvard Medical School and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Dr. Frontera’s main research interest is the mechanisms underlying muscle atrophy and weakness in the elderly, and the development of rehabilitative interventions for sarcopenia. He is editor in chief of the American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the immediate past president of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. Dr. Frontera received his medical degree from the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine and a Ph.D. in applied anatomy and physiology from Boston University. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and has served on numerous National Academies’ committees, including the Standing Committee of Medical and Vocational Experts for the Social Security Administration’s Disability Programs, the Committee on the Use of Selected Assistive Products and Technologies in Eliminating or Reducing the Effects of Impairments, and the Planning Committee on Long-Term Health Effects Stemming from COVID-19 and Implications for the Social
___________________
1 Planning committee members marked with an asterisk also served as speakers or moderators at the workshop.
Security Administration. Dr. Frontera is also a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in London.
Adaora A. Adimora, M.D., M.P.H., is Sarah Graham Kenan Distinguished Professor of Medicine and professor of epidemiology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is an internist who subspecializes in infectious diseases. Her research interest is the clinical and social epidemiology of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections with a focus on minority populations. She is a member of the National Institutes of Health COVID Treatment Guidelines Panel. Dr. Adimora is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). She was recently elected to the IDSA Board of Directors and is a member of the National Academy of Medicine. She earned her M.D. from the Yale School of Medicine and an M.P.H. in Epidemiology from the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health. She did her residency in Internal Medicine at Boston City Hospital and Infectious Diseases fellowship at Montefiore/Albert Einstein.
Rany Condos, M.D., is professor of clinical medicine in the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at NYU Langone Health. She is director of the Adult Cystic Fibrosis program and heads the Advanced Lung Diseases program at NYU. She serves on the Data Safety Monitoring Board for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Her recent charge has been as program director of the post-COVID clinical program at NYU. Dr. Condos is currently the principal investigator of a multicenter NIAID-funded study of a treatment to mitigate post-COVID fibrosis. Her research interests include targeted immunomodulation in lung disease, and she holds a patent for the use of inhaled interferon gamma in the treatment of lung disease including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and tuberculosis.
Steven G. Deeks, M.D.,* is professor of medicine in residence at the University of California, San Francisco. He is a recognized expert on the effect of HIV and other viral infections on inflammation, immune function, and health. Dr. Deeks has published over 600 peer-reviewed articles, editorials, and invited reviews on these and related topics. He has been the recipient of several National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants, and is one of the principal investigators of the Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise, which is an NIH-funded international collaboratory aimed at developing therapeutic interventions to cure HIV infection. He is also the principal investigator of amfAR Institute for HIV Cure Research. In March, 2020, he used his HIV research program to construct the “Long-term Impact of Infection with Novel Coronavirus” cohort, which is now supporting dozens of studies addressing the effects of
SARS-CoV-2 on health. He was elected to the American Society for Clinical Investigation and the Association of America Physicians. He is editor-in-chief for Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS and serves on the scientific advisory board for Science Translational Medicine. In addition to his clinical and translational investigation, Dr. Deeks maintains a primary care clinic for people living with HIV.
Andrea M. Lerner, M.D., M.S.,* is an infectious diseases physician and medical officer in the Office of the Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), of the National Institutes of Health. In her current role, Dr. Lerner supports the NIAID Director and NIAID mission on a broad range of issues related to infectious diseases and public health, including leading the organization of the virtual Workshop on Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 in December, 2020. Lerner also serves as an attending physician in the NIH Clinical Center on the NIH Clinical Infectious Diseases Consult Service. She is board certified in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases by the American Board of Internal Medicine and is a member of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. She earned her medical degree from George Washington University in Washington, D.C., and completed internal medicine internship and residency training at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Following residency training, Dr. Lerner practiced as a hospitalist physician in San Diego and Baltimore before completing her fellowship in infectious diseases at NIAID.
Mansoor A. Malik, M.D., M.B.A., M.B.B.S.,* is clinical professor of psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He has previously served as professor and residency program director at Howard University Hospital for over 10 years, where he trained and mentored over 100 minority residents and medical students. He has received multiple teaching and professional awards for his services. He previously served as president of Washington Psychiatry Society, one of the oldest and most prestigious mental health organizations in the country. He has also been elected to the American College of Psychiatrists, one of the highest honors for a psychiatrist in the United States. He completed his medical training at Rawalpindi Medical College in 1995 and completed Membership of Royal College of Psychiatrists before moving to the United States.
Laura A. Malone, M.D., Ph.D.,* is a pediatric neurologist and codirector of the Pediatric Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation Clinic at the Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore, Maryland. She is also a physician scientist in the Center for Movement Studies and assistant professor of neurology and physical medicine and rehabilitation at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Dr. Malone addresses the pediatric neurology needs of children with postacute or Long COVID syndromes and is actively engaged in research to improve outcomes for children after COVID-19. Her research interests also include neurorehabilitation and improving outcomes after neurological injury. She coleads the Pediatric Working Group on the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation’s Long COVID/PASC Quality Improvement Collaborative, which is an interdisciplinary group of experts working on developing guidance statements for the treatment of Long COVID. In 2020, Dr. Malone was awarded the Frank L. Coulson, Jr., Award for Clinical Excellence and in 2018 was inducted into the Distinguished Teaching Society at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. She is a member of the International Pediatric Rehabilitation Collaborative, the Child Neurology Society, as well as numerous other professional societies related to neurological rehabilitation. Dr. Malone has a Ph.D. in biomedical engineering from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine where she studied gait rehabilitation and motor control after brain injury. She earned her M.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and completed her residency in pediatrics and pediatric neurology at Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Avindra Nath, M.D.,* is clinical director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) at the National Institutes of Health, where he is also chief of the Section of Infections of the Nervous System and director of the Translational Center for Neurological Sciences. Dr. Avindra Nath is a physician–scientist who specializes in neuroimmunology and neurovirology. His research is focused on the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and treatment of emerging neurological infections with a focus on HIV infection. In recent years, he has studied the neurological complications of endogenous retroviruses, Ebola, Zika virus, and SARS-CoV-2 and conducts research on patients with undiagnosed neuroinflammatory disorders. He has served on advisory committees to NIH, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the World Health Organization. The International Society of NeuroVirology gave him the Pioneer in NeuroVirology Award for his contributions to HIV neuropathogenesis and elected him as the president of the society. He received the Wybran award from the Society of Neuroimmune Pharmacology for contributions to neurovirology. He also received the NIH Director’s award for his work on SARS-CoV-2 and the Health and Human Services Secretary’s award for his work on Ebola infection.
Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez, M.D.,* is an accomplished academic physiatrist, and professor and chair of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at the Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine at UT Health in San
Antonio, Texas. She previously was medical director of the Brain Injury and Stroke Program at TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital, a top two U.S. News and World Report Best Hospital for Rehabilitation. She is currently clinical chief of physical medicine and rehabilitation at the University Hospital System, and medical director of Critical Illness Recovery and Neurorehabilitation at Warm Springs Rehabilitation Hospitals in San Antonio, Texas. Her area of clinical expertise is the care of patients with traumatic brain injury, stroke rehabilitation, and interventional spasticity management. She is currently directing COVID-19 Recovery Clinics, the first in south Texas, which aligns with her mission to increase access to interdisciplinary care, optimize function, and improve quality of life for survivors with Long COVID. Dr. Gutierrez is a passionate advocate for physiatry and for underrepresented groups in medicine via social media channels. She is the social media editor of the American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. She is on the board of trustees of the Association of Academic Physiatrists. In 2019, she received the Top 25 Women in Healthcare Award from the National Diversity Council and Healthcare Diversity Council, which recognizes the top women leaders in the city of Houston.
WORKSHOP SPEAKERS
Benjamin Abramoff, M.D., M.S., is assistant professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He founded and directs the Penn Medicine COVID assessment and Recovery Clinic, one of the first comprehensive clinics for post-COVID care in the country. To date, the clinic has treated over 1,200 patients with persistent symptoms following acute COVID infections. Considered a national expert, he wrote the widely referred to UpToDate Post-COVID Guidelines. He also serves as cochair of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) Post-COVID Clinic Collaborative, which has developed clinical consensus guidelines on post-COVID syndrome care. He has advised the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the National Council on Disability on post-COVID issues.
Alba Azola, M.D., is a rehabilitation physician helping patients restore function and movement after an injury or illness. She is codirector of the Post-Acute COVID Team at Johns Hopkins Hospital, a multidisciplinary clinic for patients with lingering symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dr. Azola completed her residency in physical medicine and rehabilitation at the Johns Hopkins Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, where in her final year she was awarded the Frank L. Coulson, Jr., Award for Clinical Excellence.
Zackary Berger, M.D., Ph.D., FACP, is associate professor in the Division of General Internal Medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, as well as in the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, and core faculty at the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics. He maintains an active internal medicine practice in Baltimore both at Johns Hopkins and at the Esperanza Center Health Clinic, where, as staff physician, he cares for undocumented immigrants. He has published widely on shared decision making, bioethics, and health justice. He is currently involved in two ethnographic projects regarding the experience of the COVID pandemic on the part of two groups: Latinx in Baltimore and Charedim in New York. His latest work, an edited volume of essays on progressive health care entitled Health for Everyone, is in press, and he is currently thinking and reading about solidarity-based health care outside of government control.
Lucas Denault, joined by his mother, Karin Denault, a working mother of four, is a 16-year-old high school junior from South Central Pennsylvania. Prior to becoming positive for COVID-19 in January of 2021, Lucas was a highly functioning student and varsity athlete. Since the onset of Long COVID, Lucas has been a patient of the Kennedy Krieger Institute Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation Clinic.
Steven R. Flanagan, M.D., is highly recognized, nationally and internationally, as one of the leading experts in the area of brain injury rehabilitation. Dr. Steven Flanagan joined NYU Langone Health and the NYU Grossman School of Medicine in 2008 as professor and chair of rehabilitation medicine and medical director of Rusk Rehabilitation. He previously served as vice chairman of rehabilitation medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He serves on several national and international medical advisory boards as well as the editorial board for the Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. He served in multiple leadership roles for the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation where he is currently vice president. He authored numerous chapters and peer-reviewed publications, and participated in both federally and industry-sponsored research. He served as panel chair for several national review panels including the Veterans Administration and the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program—Department of Defense program for traumatic brain injury. Dr. Flanagan has received awards for his work as an educator, clinician, and advocate for people with brain injury from several organizations, including the Brain Injury Association of New York State, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Brain Injury Assistance, North American Brain Injury Association, and Rutgers—New Jersey Medical School. Castle Connolly has continually listed him as one of America’s Top Doctors since 2010.
Sarah Wulf Hanson, M.P.H., Ph.D., is a research scientist at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington. She has more than a decade of experience estimating the burden of disease of several diseases, conditions, and risk factors in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. In her current role, she is working to improve the GBD methods and the stability of estimates over time, as well as estimating the health burden of acute and Long COVID disability. Dr. Hanson received both her M.P.H. and Ph.D. in global health metrics from the University of Washington, after receiving a B.S. in bioengineering from Rice University.
Alicia Johnston, M.D., received her M.D. from SUNY Upstate Medical University and completed her pediatric residency and fellowship in infectious diseases at Duke University Medical Center. She is currently an instructor at Harvard Medical School and an attending physician in the Division of Infectious Diseases at Boston Children’s Hospital where she codirects the Multidisciplinary Post-COVID-19 Program.
Stuart D. Katz, M.D., M.S., is Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Professor of Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics and contact principal investigator for the RECOVER Clinical Science Core at New York University Langone Health. He is also chair of the NYU Grossman School of Medicine IRB Board B and chair of the NYU CTSI expanded Scientific Review Committee. Dr. Katz’s academic pursuits have been devoted to clinical care and research in cardiovascular diseases for more than 30 years. Dr. Katz has received continuous research funding from the NIH for the last 30 years, has authored more than 200 original research contributions, review articles, books, and book chapters on heart failure, vascular physiology, exercise physiology, and clinical pharmacology.
Rakesh Kochhar, Ph.D., is senior researcher at Pew Research Center. He is an expert on trends in employment, income, and wealth. His research has focused on the American and global middle classes and the economic well-being of White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and immigrant workers. Prior to joining Pew Research Center, he was senior economist at Joel Popkin and Company, where he served as a consultant to government agencies, private firms, international agencies, and labor unions. Kochhar received his doctorate in economics from Brown University. He has appeared on numerous media outlets, including NPR, CNN, MSNBC, and Fox News. He has testified before Congress and regularly speaks at professional, academic, and business conferences.
Anthony L. Komaroff, M.D., is Steven P. Simcox/Patrick A. Clifford/James H. Higby Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, senior physi-
cian at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, and editor in chief of the Harvard Health Letter. He was director of the division of general medicine and primary care at Brigham and Women’s Hospital for 15 years, and is the founding editor of Journal Watch, a summary medical information newsletter for physicians published by the Massachusetts Medical Society/New England Journal of Medicine.
Monica Kurylo, Ph.D., ABPP, is professor and director of the Division of Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC). Dr. Kurylo, who joined the faculty in 2005, has appointments in both the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine. She also is director of neurorehabilitation psychology at the University of Kansas Health System. In addition to receiving her doctorate degree in clinical psychology (health/rehabilitation emphases) at the University of Kansas, Dr. Kurylo has internship and postdoctoral experience in rehabilitation psychology and neuropsychology. She is board certified in rehabilitation psychology through the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP). Dr. Kurylo leads the psychology division in the Department of Psychiatry, which includes a team of 19 psychologists in both inpatient and outpatient settings throughout the medical center and KU Hospital. As director of neurorehabilitation psychology services and program director for the neurorehabilitation psychology fellowship at KU Medical Center, Dr. Kurylo provides inpatient and outpatient evaluation and treatment services as well as consults as a member of the interdisciplinary treatment teams in rehabilitation, burn, and trauma. Dr. Kurylo is codirector for the KU-Lawrence health psychology major and leadership team coordinator/primary supervisor for the health psychology practicum at KU Medical Center for the KU-Lawrence clinical psychology graduate students. She is vice chair of the Appointments, Promotions, and Tenure Committee in the KU School of Medicine, and a member of the Promotions and Tenure Committees for both psychiatry and rehabilitation medicine departments in Kansas City. She is a representative from Division 22 (Rehabilitation Psychology) to the American Psychological Association (APA) Council of Representatives, a member of the APA Health Care Financing Advisory group, and a representative to the Interdivisional Healthcare Council for Division 31 (State, Provincial and Territorial Psychology Affairs). She is a neuropsychologist consultant for concussion/traumatic brain injury and cancer research at KUMC. Dr. Kurylo is a member of the KU Health System Long-COVID clinic and the AAPM&R PASC Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Initiative Collaborative (KU Health System) in which she serves as clinical lead for the Mental Health and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients with PASC Consensus Guidance.
Juan “Lou” Lewis lives in San Antonio, Texas, and is a veteran of the U.S armed forces. Lewis became ill with COVID-19 in April 2020 while working abroad.
Amanda Morrow, M.D., is assistant professor in the Johns Hopkins Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation specializing in pediatric rehabilitation medicine. She sees patients at Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital, Kennedy Krieger Institute, and the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center. Her clinical practice focuses on maximizing the functional potential of children with congenital and acquired disabilities. Dr. Morrow is codirector of the Pediatric Post COVID-19 Rehabilitation Clinic at Kennedy Krieger Institute. Dr. Morrow received her medical degree at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and went on to complete her residency in physical medicine and rehabilitation at Sinai Hospital in Baltimore, where she served as chief resident. She then completed her fellowship in pediatric rehabilitation medicine at the Johns Hopkins Hospital/Kennedy Krieger Institute. Her research has focused on the use of diagnostic tests to aid in rehabilitation management for children with complex medical needs and examining the effects of caregiver concerns on medication adherence in complex patient populations. She is involved in the national quality improvement collaborative for Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) through the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and is currently focusing her research efforts on Long COVID in children.
Peter Novak, M.D., Ph.D., is director of the Autonomic Laboratory at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. He is a board-certified neurologist and a board-certified autonomic specialist. He is a member of American Academy of Neurology, American Autonomic Society, and a member of Autonomic Board of the United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties (UCNS). He graduated from medical school in Bratislava, Slovakia, and completed his neurology residency at the Ohio State University. He also completed postdoctoral studies focusing on cardiovascular and autonomic research at Charles University (Prague), University of Montreal, McGill University (Montreal), and Mayo Clinic. He has special interests in autoimmune, small fiber, and autonomic neuropathies associated with COVID-19 and Lyme disease, postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and multiple system atrophy. He has written more than 80 papers and presented at numerous conferences.
Ann M. Parker, M.D., Ph.D., is an intensivist and assistant professor in the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Johns Hopkins. Dr. Parker completed a residency in internal medicine at the University of Maryland Medical Center and a fellowship in pulmonary and critical care medicine
at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. She obtained her Ph.D. in clinical investigation at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Her research over the last decade has focused on understanding and improving outcomes for survivors of critical illness. Dr. Parker is principal investigator on an NIH-funded randomized controlled trial evaluating an intervention to improve depression symptoms and physical function among survivors of acute respiratory failure. Over the last 2 years, she has applied her expertise in critical illness outcomes to address the needs of COVID-19 survivors as cofounder and codirector of the Johns Hopkins Post-Acute COVID-19 Team (PACT) Program. She has also served as a member of working groups with the NIH and World Health Organization (WHO) to identify key research priorities for postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2.
Gerold Stucki, M.D., M.S., is professor and chair of the Department of Health Sciences and Medicine at the University of Lucerne, founder and director of the Center for Rehabilitation in Global Health Systems—a WHO Collaborating Center at the same university, and director of Swiss Paraplegic Research in Nottwil, Switzerland. After his medical studies and his clinical training in physical and rehabilitation medicine and rheumatology, he obtained a master of science in health policy and management from the Harvard School of Public Health and a diploma in biostatistics and epidemiology from the University of McGill. In 2013, he was appointed foreign associate of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, and since 2018 he has been acting as vice president of the European Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine. Dr. Stucki has authored more than 600 publications.
Laura Tabacof, M.D., is a specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation. As research instructor at the Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Dr. Tabacof has been developing novel rehabilitation approaches and spearheading research of Long COVID-19 biomarkers and quantifying impairment. Dr. Tabacof also serves as an active member of the WHO and AAPMR guidance development groups for Long COVID rehabilitation.
Treva M. Taylor previously served as assistant director of hospital risk management for Jacobi Medical Center, New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation. Taylor tested positive for COVID-19 in January 2021 and was hospitalized in the ICU at NYU Langone Health for 6 weeks.
Emily A. Troyer, M.D., is the child and adolescent psychiatry track director for the Community Psychiatry Program and NIMH T32 postdoctoral fellow in biological psychiatry and neuroscience in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). She completed residency training in general psychiatry at the University of Illinois at Chicago and child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship training at UCSD. In her current position as postdoctoral fellow, Dr. Troyer’s primary research focuses on examining immunologic mechanisms in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder, under the mentorship of Dr. Suzi Hong and Dr. David Rosenberg. As a member of the Hong Laboratory, Dr. Troyer is also involved in broader projects related to immune and endocrine mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms in the context of medical comorbidities such as obesity and hypertension in adults. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Troyer and colleagues have also investigated potential immunologic mechanisms in post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Angela M. Vázquez, M.S.W., has spent nearly a decade in public policy, coalition building, and activism on behalf of children and families. Her work has been centered on ensuring the well-being of marginalized youth from birth through young adulthood, especially as their life opportunities are affected by their race, ethnicity, trauma, and poverty. Vázquez has spent the last decade in education and child welfare public policy, convening local and statewide education and child welfare stakeholders, and facilitating policy development and implementation discussions for children in foster care as policy analyst at Advancement Project and as associate director for FosterEd California. Currently, Vázquez is policy director at the Children’s Partnership, covering a portfolio that includes mental health and child welfare, and she recently was appointed to California’s Citizens Redistricting Commission, an independent body tasked with redrawing California’s elections boundaries. In March 2020, Vázquez became ill with COVID-19 and has since developed Long COVID—a condition marked by prolonged, debilitating, relapsing-remitting symptoms experienced by up to one third of COVID-19 patients. As the president of Body Politic, an all-volunteer grassroots organization at the forefront of Long COVID patient advocacy, Vázquez is using her skills in leading intersectional health and well-being advocacy to advocate with and on behalf of other patients of color with postinfection chronic illness and disabilities. She received her masters degree in social work with honors in community organizing, planning, and administration from the University of Southern California after graduating cum laude from Claremont McKenna College with a B.A. in psychology. She also serves on the Board of Trustees at Pacific Oaks College in Pasadena.
Theo Vos, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D., is professor of health metrics sciences at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington. He is a key member of the research team for the landmark Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, which is coordinated by IHME. In this role, he is working to improve the GBD methods, update sources of data, and develop partnerships with countries and disease experts to produce GBD estimates that are most relevant to policy decision making. He is also focused on linking the epidemiological estimates from GBD to information on health expenditure and cost-effectiveness. Dr. Vos received his Ph.D. in epidemiology and health economics from Erasmus University and his medical degree from State University Groningen, both in the Netherlands. He also studied at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, where he obtained an M.Sc. in public health in developing countries.
