Practices for Balancing Safety Investments in a Comprehensive Safety Program (2022)

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74 A P P E N D I X A Survey Questionnaire Welcome Dear State DOT Safety Representative, The Transportation Research Board (TRB) is preparing a synthesis on Practices for Balancing Safety Investments in a Comprehensive Safety Program. This is being done for the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), under the sponsorship of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The purpose of this questionnaire is to identify, document, and summarize state DOT practices for identifying, prioritizing, and evaluating HSIP projects. The results of the survey will be incorporated into a synthesis of highway agency practice, with the intent of helping agencies assess and improve their current HSIP practices. This survey is being sent to the HSIP annual report contact person for each state. If you are not the appropriate person at your organization to complete this questionnaire, please forward it to the correct person. Instructions Please complete and submit this survey by March 5, 2021. Guidance This questionnaire is intended to document state DOT practices for identifying, prioritizing, and evaluating HSIP projects. Questionnaire Tips • We estimate that it should take no more than 30-40 minutes to complete. • You must complete the questionnaire in one sitting. If you would like to gather answers to the questions before entering them in the online survey form, you can review the questions in this PDF. • Survey navigation is conducted by selecting the “back” or “next” button at the bottom of each page. If you have any questions or problems related to this questionnaire, please contact Dr. Frank Gross, our principal investigator. Thank you for your time and expertise in completing this important questionnaire.

Survey Questionnaire 75   Questions General 1. Select the state you represent: (state drop down menu) 2. Please enter the following: Name: Title: Agency: Phone: E-mail: 3. Does your state distinguish between spot, systemic, and systematic projects, and, if so, are the definitions consistent with those provided below? Yes, and the definitions are consistent. Yes, but the definitions are different. No If yes, but the definitions are different, please provide the definition or brief description: Spot: Systemic: Systematic: Spot: identifying locations based on crash experience (e.g., a high number or rate of crashes) and addressing the unique safety issues at each location. Systemic: addressing crash types that result in fatalities and serious injuries by identifying risk factors for those crashes and implementing countermeasures widely across the network at locations where the risk factors are present. Systematic: treating all eligible locations by incorporating safety countermeasures in design policies or implementing a proven countermeasure at all feasible locations. 4. Does your state HSIP include a systemic safety component? Yes, and it is documented (please provide a link or upload the documentation): Yes, but it is not documented (please briefly explain): No 5. Does your state HSIP include a systematic safety component? Yes, and it is documented (please provide a link or upload the documentation): Yes, but it is not documented (please briefly explain): No

76 Practices for Balancing Safety Investments in a Comprehensive Safety Program Identifying Spot and Systemic Projects 6. How does your state identify potential locations for spot and systemic HSIP projects on the state system? (select all that apply) Method Spot Systemic Basic crash-based approach (crash frequency, rate, severity) Advanced crash-based approach (predicted, expected, excess expected crashes such as those included in the HSM) Basic risk-based approach (based on crash summaries, crash trees, SHSP emphasis areas) Advanced risk-based approach (based on predictive crash models) Other (please explain) 7. Does your state have different processes for identifying spot or systemic HSIP projects on the local system? Yes (select all that apply) No Method Spot Systemic Basic crash-based approach (crash frequency, rate, severity) Advanced crash-based approach (predicted, expected, excess expected crashes such as those included in the HSM) Basic risk-based approach (based on crash summaries, crash trees, SHSP emphasis areas) Advanced risk-based approach (based on predictive crash models) Other (please explain) 8. How does your state identify potential countermeasures for spot and systemic HSIP projects on the state system? (select all that apply) Method Spot Systemic Detailed site analysis (e.g., road safety audit) Presence of risk factors or specific site characteristics Pre-approved list of countermeasures Other (please explain) 9. Does your state have different processes for identifying potential countermeasures for spot or systemic HSIP projects on the local system? Yes (select all that apply) No Method Spot Systemic Detailed site analysis (e.g., road safety audit) Presence of risk factors or specific site characteristics Pre-approved list of countermeasures Other (please explain)

Survey Questionnaire 77   10. Does your state implement systemic countermeasures to address specific focus areas or risk factors? (select all that apply) Roadway departures (Please identify typical risk factors related to roadway departures and systemic countermeasures that your state implements to address roadway departures): Intersections (please identify typical risk factors related to intersections and systemic countermeasures that your state implements to address intersections): Pedestrians (please identify typical risk factors related to pedestrians and systemic countermeasures that your state implements to address pedestrians): Bicycles (please identify typical risk factors related to bicycles and systemic countermeasures that your state implements to address bicycles): Other (please indicate the focus area(s) and identify typical risk factors related to the focus area(s) and systemic countermeasures that your state implements to address the focus area(s)): Developing Spot and Systemic Projects 11. Which of the following best describes your state’s requirements for developing spot HSIP projects? (select all that apply) Preliminary engineering is not required for countermeasures with standard drawings. Preliminary engineering is required, but only for certain spot projects (e.g., those that impact right-of-way or exceed a dollar threshold). Preliminary engineering is required for all spot HSIP projects. Other (please explain): 12. Which of the following best describes your state’s requirements for developing systemic HSIP projects? (select all that apply) Preliminary engineering is not required for countermeasures with standard drawings. Preliminary engineering is required, but only for certain systemic projects (e.g., those that impact right-of-way or exceed a dollar threshold). Preliminary engineering is required for all systemic HSIP projects. Other (please explain): 13. Does your state allow for any shortcuts to implement spot or systemic HSIP projects (e.g., not requiring all steps of the typical planning and development process for certain safety projects, purchasing products to be installed by maintenance forces to skip going out to bid for construction)? Yes, for spot projects. Yes, for systemic projects. Yes, for both spot and systemic projects. No, we do not allow for any shortcuts. If yes, please provide a brief description of shortcuts allowed for the respective projects (spot and/or systemic). Shortcuts for spot projects: Shortcuts for systemic projects:

78 Practices for Balancing Safety Investments in a Comprehensive Safety Program Prioritizing Spot and Systemic Projects 14. How does your state prioritize HSIP projects on the state system? (select all that apply) Method Spot Systemic Cost-effectiveness (based on fatal and serious injury crashes only) Cost-effectiveness (based on total crashes) Benefit-Cost Ratio (based on fatal and serious injury crashes only) Benefit-Cost Ratio (based on total crashes) Net Benefits (based on fatal and serious injury crashes only) Net Benefits (based on total crashes) Cost-justification analysis Other (please explain) 15. Does your state have different processes for prioritizing HSIP projects on the local system? Yes (select all that apply) No Method Spot Systemic Cost-effectiveness (based on fatal and serious injury crashes only) Cost-effectiveness (based on total crashes) Benefit-Cost Ratio (based on fatal and serious injury crashes only) Benefit-Cost Ratio (based on total crashes) Net Benefits (based on fatal and serious injury crashes only) Net Benefits (based on total crashes) Cost-justification analysis Other (please explain) 16. Does your state quantify expected safety benefits for spot and systemic HSIP projects? Yes (select all that apply) No Method Spot Systemic Crash history Safety performance function (HSM) Safety performance function (state developed) Crash modification factors Other (please explain) 17. Beyond project costs and crash-based benefits, does your state consider non-crash-based factors in prioritizing HSIP projects? Yes (select all that apply) SHSP priority Social equity Geographic equity (region/district or urban/rural split) State/local equity Project readiness Other (please specify): No

Survey Questionnaire 79   Evaluating Spot and Systemic Projects (Post-Implementation) 18. How does your state balance HSIP funds among spot, systemic, and systematic projects? All projects compete for the same funds. There is a set-aside for each program type, and projects compete within the designated program. Other (please explain): If response to 18 is “There is a set-aside for each program …,” how does your state determine the set-aside amount for each program? Quantitative (e.g., based on past performance of the programs, based on percentage of fatal and serious injury crashes at high-crash locations, or based on percentage of fatal and serious injury crashes in rural and urban areas). Please briefly explain: Qualitative (e.g., based on professional judgment). Please briefly explain: Other (please explain): 19. Does your state have a certain goal for funding systemic projects? Yes, based on documented formula or process (please indicate the approximate funding goals and briefly explain or provide a reference to the formula or process): Spot: X% Systemic: Y% Systematic: Z% Yes,, but not based on documented formula or process (please indicate the approximate funding goals and briefly explain how the funding goal is determined): Spot: X% Systemic: Y% Systematic: Z% No Other: 20. How does your state evaluate spot and systemic HSIP projects on the state system post- implementation? (select all that apply) Method Spot Systemic Simple before-after Empirical or Full Bayes before-after Comparison Group before-after Regression cross-section Other (please explain) We don’t evaluate 21. Does your state have different processes for evaluating the safety performance of spot and systemic projects on the local system post-implementation? Yes (select all that apply) No Method Spot Systemic Simple before-after Empirical or Full Bayes before-after Comparison Group before-after

80 Practices for Balancing Safety Investments in a Comprehensive Safety Program Regression cross-section Other (please explain) We don’t evaluate Wrap-Up 22. Does your state have documented HSIP policies, practices, manuals, and/or protocols for identifying, prioritizing, and evaluating HSIP projects? 23. If yes, and you have not already provided links through answers to previous questions, please include any relevant links here. 24. If you cannot share a weblink, please upload attachments here (up to 10 files and 50 MB per file): 25. If you have additional comments or details you would like to share, please enter them here: 26. Thank you for your time and expertise in completing this important questionnaire. Is your state willing to participate in follow-up discussions or interviews on selecting, prioritizing, and evaluating HSIP projects? Yes No Yes No a. If yes, are you the appropriate contact? Yes No (please provide the following): Name: Phone: E-mail: Once you complete and submit the survey, you will receive a copy of your responses by e-mail. If you have any changes, please contact Frank Gross.