Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices (2022)

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73   A P P E N D I X B Survey Responses This appendix provides the responses to the survey questionnaire.

State DOT Bicycle Electric Bicycle Electric Scooter AK AR Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Personal consumer products AZ Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices CA Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Other category Other category CO Other category Motor vehicles Motor vehicles CT Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Other category DC Motor vehicles Motor vehicles Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices DE Motor vehicles Motor vehicles Other category HI Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices IA Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Motor vehicles ID Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices IL Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Other category Other category IN Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices KS Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices KY Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Personal consumer products LA Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices MA Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Not defined/classified Not defined/classified MD Other category Other category Other category ME Motor vehicles Motor vehicles Not defined/classified MI Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices MN Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices MO Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices MT Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices NC Motor vehicles Motor vehicles Other category ND Motor vehicles Motor vehicles Not defined/classified NE Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices NH Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices NJ Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices NM Motor vehicles Not defined/classified Not defined/classified NV Personal consumer products Personal consumer products Personal consumer products NY Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices OH Motor vehicles Motor vehicles Motor vehicles OK Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices RI Motor vehicles Motor vehicles Motor vehicles SD Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices TN Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Other category TX Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices UT Motor vehicles Motor vehicles Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices VA Other category Other category Other category VT Motor vehicles Motor vehicles Not defined/classified WA Other category Other category Other category WI Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices WV Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices WY Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices Question 2. Please indicate how the following micromobility devices are classified by your state DOT (motor vehicles, non-motorized or motorized personal mobility devices, personal consumer products, other category). [Question answered in comments section only]

Survey Responses 75   Other Responses: • There is currently a significant movement to update state administrative codes, which originate from 1979 and have yet to be updated. Alaska DPS is the entity responsible for the code changes. • All responses should be construed to pertain to human-powered bicycles, not electric- powered devices of any kind. • Response to classification of e-bikes and e-scooters should be uncertain. E-bikes have so far typically been treated the same as non-motorized bicycles but this may change. AB 1096 defines an “electric bicycle” as a bicycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, and would create 3 classes of electric bicycles. • https://codes.findlaw.com/co/title-42-vehicles-and-traffic/co-rev-st-sect-42-1-102.html (10) “Bicycle” means a vehicle propelled by human power applied to pedals upon which a person may ride having two tandem wheels or two parallel wheels and one forward wheel, all of which are more than fourteen inches in diameter. • Scooter. • Title 21 of DE code only defines E-scooters, does not classify them. • Illinois statutes have various definitions for e-bikes and lo[w] speed electric scooters. • Ambiguity in state laws, working now to create definition for electric scooter and electric bicycle. • Each of these is defined in state statute. In terms of regulations, all three categories share the responsibilities associated with motor vehicles. Pedestrians are treated separately in statute. • Not categorized in Maine to our knowledge. • Not classified in Century Code. • Electric bicycle and electric scooter are not defined in state statute. • “Bicycle,” “Electric Bicycle,” and “Electric Scooter” are defined under the Motor Vehicles law RIGL 31.1.3. Types of vehicles. • Generally treated as bicycle, but has not officially been determined. • Code of Virginia § 46.2-100 defines bicycles as “Bicycles,” e-bikes as “electric power- assisted bicycles,” and e-scooters as “motorized skateboard or scooter.” All are treated as vehicles while on roads. • Electric Scooters are not defined. Also, you are saying classification by state DOT, but it is the legislature and state law where classifications are defined. • Bicycle and electric bicycle are classified together as vehicles. They have special rights on limited access highways that other devices such as mopeds and electric scooters do not. RCW 46.04.071: “Bicycle” means every device propelled solely by human power, or an electric-assisted bicycle as defined in RCW 46.04.169, upon which a person or persons may ride, having two tandem wheels either of which is sixteen inches or more in diameter, or three wheels, any one of which is twenty inches or more in diameter. Note also: RCW 46.04.670 "Vehicle" includes every device capable of being moved upon a public highway and in, upon, or by which any persons or property is or may be transported or drawn upon a public highway, including bicycles. RCW 46.04.169: “Electric-assisted bicycle” means a bicycle with two or three wheels, a saddle, fully operative pedals for human propulsion, and an electric motor. The electric-assisted bicycle's electric motor must have a power

76 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices output of no more than seven hundred fifty watts. RCW 46.04.336 “Motorized foot scooter” means a device with two or three wheels that has handlebars, a floorboard that can be stood upon while riding, and is powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor that has a maximum speed of no greater than twenty miles per hour on level ground. For purposes of this section, a motor-driven cycle, a moped, an electric-assisted bicycle, or a motorcycle is not a motorized foot scooter. • Questions answered with an understanding of micromobility being scooter, e-scooters and some bike share systems.

Survey Responses 77   Other responses: • We don’t have an “Active Transportation Department.” • We do not have dedicated staff in Planning; however, we have an Office of Active Transportation that is active with our Research Division in micromobility research. • Yes, part of duties. Office of Innovative Mobility has staff who work on micromobility part-time. • Yes, part of duties. Office of Innovative Mobility has staff who work on micromobility part-time. Micromobility is not directly managed under the state; the counties have the ability to establish their own rules pertaining to micromobility. Depending on the particular type of micromobility, the safety issues are addressed in the Highway Safety Office and the Traffic Safety Section of the Traffic Branch. Higher-level policy topics may discuss micromobility in the new Hawaii Statewide Transportation Plan that is managed by the Statewide Transportation Planning Office. The new HSTP is currently in development. We may discuss higher-level policy and planning topics in the long-range plans as well. State DOT Operations Safety Planning Policy Motor Vehicles Compliance Active Transportation AK No No No No No Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties AR No No Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties No No Yes, part of duties AZ No Yes, part of duties Yes, full-time No No No CA No No Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties No No Yes, part of duties CO Yes, part of duties CT Yes, part of duties No Yes, part of duties No No No Yes, part of duties DC Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties DE Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties No Yes, part of duties No No HI IA No No Yes, full-time No No No No ID No No No Yes, part of duties No No Yes, full-time IL Yes, part of duties No Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties No No No IN Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties KS No Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties No No No Yes, full-time KY Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, full-time Yes, part of duties No No Yes, part of duties LA No Yes, part of duties No No No No Yes, part of duties MA No No No Yes, part of duties No Yes, full-time MD Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties No Yes, part of duties No Yes, part of duties ME No No Yes, part of duties No No No Yes, part of duties MI Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties MN Yes, full-time Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, full-time MO No No No No No No No MT Yes, full-time Yes, part of duties NC No Yes, full-time Yes, full-time Yes, full-time Yes, full-time No Yes, full time ND No No Yes, part of duties No No No No NE No No Yes, part of duties No No No No NH No Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties No No No Yes, part of duties NJ No No No No No No Yes, part of duties NM No No Yes, part of duties No No No Yes, part of duties NY Yes, full-time Yes, full-time OH No No No No No No Yes, part of duties OK No No Yes, full-time No No No Yes, full-time RI No No Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties TN No No No No No No Yes, part of duties TX No No No No No No Yes, part of duties UT No Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties No No No Yes, part of duties VA No Yes, part of duties Yes, full-time Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties VT No Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties No No Yes, part of duties WA No No Yes, part of duties No No No Yes, part of duties WI Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties WV Yes, part of duties WY No Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties Yes, part of duties No No Yes, part of duties Question 3. Please indicate if the following departments within your state DOT have dedicated staff that manage micromobility topics and if these responsibilities are full-time or part of their duties.

78 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices • Yes, part of duties. Different parts of the agency have staff with part of duties (e.g., MBTA transit staff working on access to transit). • Yes, part of duties. Real Estate, Policy, and Engineering personnel have all been involved in coordinating responses and implementing accommodation for bikes, scooters, etc. near our transportation facilities. • Yes, full-time. Dedicated staff only for bicycles, not other elements of micromobility. • Yes, part of duties. An internal committee of employees and external stakeholders oversee the implementation of the Active and Public Transportation Plan. • Yes, part of duties. Active Transportation is in the Public Transportation Division at TxDOT and micromobility falls under the active transportation team's duties. • Yes, part of duties. Answers here are based on bicycles being included in “micromobility.” Not sure what you mean by “Compliance,” and “Active transportation” is part of Planning at VDOT. For “Other”: The Traffic Engineering Division staff will react to legislative issues and are proactive in safety and traffic control devices related to micromobility. Each VDOT District has a designated bike-ped coordinator: https://www.virginiadot.org/programs/resources/bike/District_Bicycle_and_Pedestrian_ Coordinators. • Yes, part of duties. Electric bikes and electric scooters are a subset under bike and pedestrian duties.

Survey Responses 79   Other responses: • Caltrans has identified strategies and actions that support micromobility in our plans and guidance. We view transportation as a multimodal network and aim to create a seamless multimodal travel experience. • We will begin gathering micromobility data in FY 2022, which begins in July 2022. We are looking into deployment of a pilot micromobility project in FY 2022. State DOT Developing recommendations Enacting policies Funding pilot projects Promulgating state regulations regarding micromobility Providing training to state or local entities on managing micromobility Providing technical assistance to state or local entities on managing micromobility Developing standards and guidance Performing data collection and evaluation Promoting micromobility Conducting research initiatives None AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK RI TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 4. Does your state DOT perform any of the following actions with regard to micromobility? Check all that apply.

80 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices • State DOT is local DOT and so many of the functions performed are both state and local. • We currently deal mostly with bicycles although we are initiating a new Active Transportation Plan and will be looking more directly at e-bikes and e-scooters. • All responses concern bicycles, not other elements of micromobility. For other micromobility elements, we will be incorporating micromobility into our bike/ped planning program. We are currently working on guidelines to involve our bike/ped planning program into a multimodal planning program. Also, NCDOT’s complete streets policies generally speaks to evolving technologies. And data collection concerns identifying micromobility (scooter) crashes as part of NCDOT’s bike/ped crash data collection program. • The Active and Public Transportation Plan consists of recommendations, guidance and design examples for local entities to use. • TxDOT is just beginning to consider micromobility in the active transportation mix. Recently the TxDOT Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Committee, which advises the Texas Transportation Commission, expanded its scope to include issues related to micromobility. TxDOT currently has a Bike/Ped count program that would count micromobility vehicles as well, but would likely count them as bikes. • Questions answered with the view that bicycling is included in “micromobility.” VDOT has done very little regarding e-bikes or e-scooters. • We refer to applicable state laws and federal regulations. State legislation passed in 2019 permits micromobility (e-bikes, scooters) per federal rules and local ordinances.

Survey Responses 81   State DOT Yes No AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK RI TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 5. Does your state DOT include micromobility in statewide transportation plans?

82 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Other responses: • Consider active transportation and how it meets performance measures. • Promotion of electric bikes in Statewide Bicycle Plan. • All will apply if referring to bicycles. Not apply if referring to other micromobility elements. • Micromobility is included in the Bicycle and Pedestrian section of the plan and mentioned as a consideration in intersection safety. It is really just mentioned as something that will State DOT Outlining policies and strategies for regulating micromobility Detailing how micromobility meets performance measures, including but not limited to safety, mobility, sustainability, resiliency, etc. Planning for future improvements in the overall transportation system AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK RI TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 6. In what context does your state DOT include micromobility in statewide transportation plans? Check all that apply.

Survey Responses 83   emerge in the future and should be considered, but no policies or strategies specifically for micromobility. • Note that statewide transportation planning is led by Virginia's Office of Intermodal Planning and Investment, not technically by VDOT. • Include micromobility in non-motorized transportation education materials. Review interaction of micromobility with transit, investigate micromobility with crash data. State DOT Planning for infrastructure to support micromobility modes Ensuring integration of micromobility with other modes of transportation Regulating other modes to accommodate micromobility Incorporating micro- mobility into congestion management efforts Focusing on ensuring safety of the transportation system for all modes AK AR 1 AZ CA 5 CO CT DC 2 3 5 4 1 DE HI IA ID IL IN 3 2 5 4 1 KS 1 3 5 4 2 KY 3 2 5 4 1 LA 2 3 4 5 1 MA MD 2 3 4 5 1 ME MI 2 3 5 4 1 MN 5 2 1 3 4 MO MT 2 3 5 4 1 NC 2 3 4 5 1 ND 2 4 5 3 1 NE 3 2 5 4 1 NH 2 3 5 4 1 NJ NM NY OH 2 3 5 4 1 OK 3 2 5 4 1 RI 4 2 5 3 1 TN 4 2 3 5 1 TX 3 2 4 5 1 UT VA 3 2 5 4 1 VT 4 3 5 2 1 WA 4 3 1 2 5 WI WV 4 4 4 3 2 WY 4 2 3 5 1 Question 7. Please rank the importance of the following approaches by your state DOT to address micromobility needs in statewide transportation plans (1 – most important consideration, 5 – least important consideration).

84 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices State DOT Yes No AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK RI TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 8. Does your state DOT regulate shared micromobility companies (e.g., Bird, Lime, Spin, etc.)?

Survey Responses 85   State DOT Yes No AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK RI TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 9. Does your state DOT seek input from shared micromobility companies (e.g., Bird, Lime, Spin, etc.) regarding developing micromobility policies, practices and planning?

86 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Other responses: • Will seek input from other state agencies. • We are the state, local and county DOT. So within DDOT, we work at all of these levels. • The HDOT does not currently develop micromobility strategies, initiatives, etc. Micromobility will be addressed through future planning activities. • None - we have not begun this process. • Missouri DOT has not worked on micromobility issues. • External stakeholders are involved in the Statewide Active and Public Transportation Advisory Committee for the Active and Public Transportation Plan. • Other state and federal agencies. • Recent expansion of the TxDOT Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Committee’s [BPAC] scope to include micromobility will allow the DOT to work with members of the BPAC to address micromobility issues. BPAC is made up of citizens that may include representatives from MPOs, Cities, advocacy groups, and private companies. • WisDOT has funded bike share programs using CMAQ and TAP programs. State DOT Council of governments City governments County governments Metropolitan/ transportation planning organizations (MPO/TPOs) Regional planning agencies Chambers of commerce Private sector operators Land owners Developers Transit agencies Academia/ Researchers Nonprofit organizations AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK RI TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 10. Which partners does your state DOT work with to develop micromobility strategies, initiatives, etc.? Check all that apply.

Survey Responses 87   Question 11. If yes, please rank the reasons for regulating shared micromobility companies (e.g., Bird, Lime, Spin) at the state level (1 – most important reason, 5 – least important reason). State DOT Provide mobility to underserved population Reduce congestion Achieve environmental goals Ensure equitable treatment of all users Ensure adequate safety of all transportation modes AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC 2 4 5 1 3 DE HI IA ID IL IN 3 4 5 2 1 KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK RI TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV 4 4 4 3 3 WY

88 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices State DOT By state legislation By local ordinances Both by state legislation and local ordinances None AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK RI TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 12. How is micromobility (shared and/or personal micromobility) regulated in your state?

Survey Responses 89   Other responses: • We are the state, local and county DOT. So within DDOT, we work at all of these levels. Council (our legislative body) has legislated and DDOT has promulgated rules. • State legislation for bicycles. Local ordinances for all forms of micromobility. • https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/46.2-1315/ sends the regulation of shared micromobility companies to localities. Bicycles, e-bikes, and e-scooters are regulated at both state and local levels to some extent.

90 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices State DOT None State DOT Other state agencies Counties Municipalities Metropolitan/ transportation planning organizations (MPO/TPOs) AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK RI TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 13. Which entity regulates micromobility in your state?

Survey Responses 91   Other responses: • Department of Safety. • Secretary of State, DOT, law enforcement, local agencies. • Facility owners can define which users can use their infrastructure, when and at what speed. This includes actors from all categories above, except MPOs. • State DOT for bicycles. Municipalities for all forms of micromobility. • Legislation. • The Department of Revenue regulates rental dealer licensing and registration. • It is not technically VDOT that writes the laws, but state laws do exist. Counties and municipalities also regulate micromobility, but this question did not allow for multiple selections. • If by regulate you mean establish regulation, the state DOT can prohibit certain roads to bicycling and local government can enact certain ordinances that determine where a device can/can’t be used.

92 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices State DOT State agencies applying state laws Local agencies applying/enforcing state laws Local agencies applying local ordinances None AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK RI TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 14. Which level of government enforces micromobility regulation?

Survey Responses 93   Other responses: • We are a state agency applying state laws BUT we are different from all other jurisdictions because we are the same agency and are a city-state. • Locals and state. • A combination of the top 3 choices (both state/local agencies and laws) applies here. • State agencies for bicycles. Local agencies for all forms of micromobility. • State agencies and local governments applying the laws. • Multi-level. • Local agencies applying local ordinances and/or state laws. • Local agencies apply/enforce both state laws and local ordinances, but this question did not allow for multiple selections. It’s conceivable that the Virginia State Police might enforce bicycle or e-scooter laws, but in practice it seems unlikely. • The only regulation we have is on different classes of e-bikes and it's basically in the form of speed/power limitations and proper labeling of e-bikes. Also an age restriction for Class 3. • State patrol, county police, city/town police, and tribal police could regulate state laws or local ordinances related to micromobility modes. • State agencies applying state laws and local agencies applying/enforcing state law.

94 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Other responses: • Planning. • We have bicycle related standards. • Creation of MBTA/transit micromobility pilot program that established data/reporting standards, design standards, etc. but only applied to MBTA property and program. • The roles are evolving: We are stepping in to monitor and regulate as needed, but currently leave much of shared mobility decision-making to local jurisdictions. • Comments only refer to bicycles. • Provide materials to help local governments understand micromobility and potential ways to maximize the benefits and minimize unintended consequences. State DOT None Establish equipment and safety standards for the vehicles Enforce Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) compliance Regulate payment system for device rentals Establish data collection and reporting standards (e.g., Mobility Data Specification) Establish micromobility infrastructure design standards Oversee micromobility standards established by municipalities AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK RI TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 15. What is the role of your state DOT in regulating micromobility? Check all that apply. • See state statute 346.805-807.

Survey Responses 95   State DOT Area in which the service is provided Hours of operation Equipment used Safety requirements Other deployment requirements (please specify) AK None None None None None AR AZ Local level Local level Local level Local level CA Local level Local level DOT and local level DOT and local level CO Local level Local level Local level Local level Local level CT Local level DOT and local level Local level Local level None DC DOT None DOT DOT DOT DE None None None None None HI None None None None None IA None ID Local level Local level DOT and local level Local level Local level IL DOT and local level IN Local level Local level Local level Local level Local level KS Local level Local level Local level Local level KY Local level Local level Local level Local level Local level LA Local level Local level Local level Local level None MA Local level Local level Local level Local level Local level MD Local level Local level DOT and local level DOT and local level DOT and local level ME None None None None None MI Local level Local level Local level Local level Local level MN Local level Local level Local level DOT and local level DOT MO Local level Local level Local level MT Local level Local level Local level Local level NC DOT and local level DOT and local level ND Local level Local level Local level Local level NE Local level Local level Local level Local level None NH NJ Local level Local level Local level Local level NM Local level Local level Local level Local level NV NY Local level Local level Local level Local level OH Local level Local level Local level Local level Local level OK Local level Local level Local level Local level RI Local level Local level Local level DOT and local level None SD TN Local level Local level Local level Local level TX Local level Local level Local level Local level Local level UT Local level Local level Local level DOT and local level None VA Local level Local level Local level Local level VT None None None None WA Local level None None None None WI WV Local level Local level Local level Local level WY DOT and local level Local level Local level Local level None Question 16. Please indicate the level of regulation for the following micromobility deployment requirements (DOT, local level, DOT and local level, none)

96 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Other responses: • Equity of community access to micromobility. • DDOT's jurisdiction is as a state and local DOT. We require limitation on % vehicles per geographic area, vehicle cap, and deployment requirements by ward. • Micromobility devices are not allowed on interstates. • Local and nonexistence due to lack of state definition. • Device storage is being worked out. State is most directly involved where the issues affect state-owned land. • Data privacy laws. • State legislation set the parameters the local operate within. • DOT in this case refers to the RI DMV. • See state statute 346.805-807.

Survey Responses 97   State DOT No Yes Yes (please describe actions by your state DOT to regulate operations aspects of shared micromobility) AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC We are the state, local and county DOT. So within DDOT, we work at all of these levels. DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA Only as it relates to State DOT and MBTA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 17. Is your State DOT involved with regulating operations aspects of micromobility?

98 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Question 18. Does your state DOT engage with planning, operation, and maintenance of micromobility infrastructure, which may include (but not limited to) parking corrals, geofences, on-street infrastructure to support (personal or shared) micromobility? State DOT Yes No AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY

Survey Responses 99   State DOT None State DOT Municipalities (e.g. towns/cities) AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 19. Which entity in your state regulates where and how micromobility vehicles can be parked or docked (e.g. sidewalks, at bike racks, distance from driveways and buildings, etc.)?

100 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Other responses: • We are the state, local and county DOT. So within DDOT, we work at all of these levels. • Counties (Hawaii does not have independent towns/cities). • Proposed language in active legislation. • Counties. • Locals unless they are State facilities.

Survey Responses 101   State DOT None State DOT Municipalities (e.g. towns/cities) AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 20. Which entity in your state regulates where micromobility vehicles are permitted to operate?

102 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Other Responses: • Counties (Hawaii does not have independent towns/cities). • Legislature. • State law indicates where vehicles are permitted to operate. • State statute. • Facility owners can stipulate rules for their facilities. This includes counties and other state agencies, and includes, for example, parks and recreation departments at the state and local level. • Legislation set the parameters that the local operate within and they can add additional regulations. • State restricts usage on roadways over 35 mph. Local municipalities can further regulate. • RI DMV.

Survey Responses 103   State DOT Yes No This is handled by municipalities/local entities AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 21. Does your state DOT require shared micromobility companies to manage service area using technology, such as geo-fencing, GPS tracking, etc.?

104 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices State DOT None State DOT Municipalities (e.g. towns/cities) Both state DOT and municipalities Other AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 22. What entity in your state regulates the speed of micromobility vehicles?

Survey Responses 105   • State laws. • State legislature regulates classification of e-bikes, speed is a factor. • State statute. • Statutory definitions refer to speed and can in turn be used by both state/local actors to define which devices are allowed on a given facility. (Note - counties are significant in MD - not just municipalities). • Do not know. • Legislation. • Speed is part of the e-bike statutes. No other micromobility devices are identified in state law. • See state statute 346.805-807. E-bikes 20 mph and 28 mph depending on type; e-scooter 20 mph. • Legislature. Other responses: • Legislature.

106 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices State DOT Bikes E-bikes - Class 1 E-bikes - Class 2 E-bikes - Class 3 Standing e- scooters Sitting e-scooters AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC N/A 16 - 20 N/A N/A 6 - 10 6 - 10 DE N/A 16 - 20 16 - 20 16 - 20 N/A N/A HI N/A N/A N/A N/A 11 - 15 11 - 15 IA ID N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A IL IN 16-20 16-20 26-30 KS KY 51 - 55 51 - 55 51 - 55 51 - 55 51 - 55 51 - 55 LA MA MD ME MI N/A 16 - 20 16 - 20 26 - 30 Local N/A MN N/A 16 - 20 16 - 20 16 - 20 16 - 20 26 - 30 MO MT NC N/A 16 - 20 16 - 20 16 - 20 N/A N/A ND N/A 16 - 20 16 - 20 26 - 30 N/A N/A NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT > 55 11 - 15 16 - 20 26 - 30 16 - 20 16 - 20 VA N/A N/A N/A N/A 16 - 20 16 - 20 VT 16-20 16-20 16-20 WA WI WV WY Question 23. What is the maximum speed of micromobility vehicles allowed by your state DOT?

Survey Responses 107   State DOT None Brake lights Turn signals Headlights Reflectors AK None AR AZ None CA CO None CT None DC Headlights Reflectors DE Headlights Reflectors HI Reflectors IA None ID Headlights Reflectors IL IN KS None KY LA Headlights Reflectors MA None MD Headlights Reflectors ME None MI Headlights Reflectors MN Headlights Reflectors MO None MT Reflectors NC Headlights ND Headlights Reflectors NE None NH NJ None NM None NV NY Headlights Reflectors OH OK None RI None SD TN None TX None UT Headlights Reflectors VA Headlights Reflectors VT WA None WI WV Headlights Reflectors WY Reflectors Question 24. Does your state DOT impose any of the following equipment requirements for micromobility vehicles? Check all that apply.

108 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Other responses: • For bicycles only. By state law bicycles are required to be equipped with a front white light and a back red reflector or light. • Uncertain. • State vehicle code established equipment requirements for bicycles/e-bikes. • Front headlight and red reflector are required for bicycles at night. • Don’t know. • Proposed legislation. • Headlights are only required if vehicle is operated 1/2 hour after sunset and up to 1/2 hour before sunrise. • Headlamps. • Required when riding bicycle at night. • E-bike are regulated like bikes. • Only bicycles -- requires a front light and a back reflector. • Headlight and reflector/taillight requirements are imposed between sunset and sunrise by state code but not technically by the “state DOT”: https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1015/. • E-bikes have same equipment requirements as regular bicycle. • See state statute 347.489.

Survey Responses 109   State DOT None Helmet requirements Minimum age to ride on micromobility vehicles Tandem riding on scooters AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 25. Does your state DOT implement any of the following safety requirements for micromobility? Check all that apply.

110 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Other responses: • Companies require that riders be at least 18 years of age. DDOT will allow for riders 16 years and older and these riders (ages 16 & 17) are required to wear a helmet. • We highly encourage helmet usage. • A person under the age of 15 cannot drive a class-3 e-bike without an adult. • Minimum age to ride with a helmet (18 below for scooter, 12 below for bike). • Proposed legislation. • Under 16 must wear helmet. Locals can determine ages appropriate for use of shared- mobility devices. • Helmets are required for persons under the age of 16. • Class 3 E-bike riders under 18 require a helmet. • Can't drive under/low-speed vehicles on roadways over 35 mph. • Helmet requirements for bicycles at the state level. Other micromobility vehicles regulated at the local level. • Minimum age for e-scooters and class 3 e-bikes is imposed by state code but not technically by the “state DOT”: https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter8/section46.2- 908.1/ Helmet requirements are left to localities: https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter8/section46.2-906.1/. • Under 16 cannot use e-bike on public highway. • See state statute 346.806.

Survey Responses 111   State DOT No Yes If 'yes," please specify AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DDOT requires all operators to have equity plans allowing those at 200% or less of the federal poverty level to have unlimited free 30 minute rides. DDOT also requires companies to place 3% of their vehicles in each ward between 5-7am. DDOT restricts the maximum number of vehicles per ward. DDOT requires that all companies do not have pricing that charges more depending on the location and requires operations in the entire District of Columbia. (This is for dockless bikes and scooters--mopeds are different. Please reach out if you'd like more information). DE HI IA The Civil Rights Bureau addresses equity issues within the transportation modes. ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD The State DOT does not directly regulate availability of shared mobility options, but our local actors have been pro-active in this regard. State level regulations however apply to help protect persons with disabilities, for example by requiring that devices be identifiable (with braille, etc.) to the visually impaired to support enforcement needs. ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY Electric mobility devices are not legislated OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 26. Does your state DOT have policies addressing equity aspects of shared micromobility modes? These policies may address issues including digital and income divide, persons with disabilities, racial and cultural considerations, spatial, temporal, language, and gender considerations.

112 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Other responses: • Please see T&Cs for full list: https://ddot.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/ddot/page_content/attachments/Final%20Do ckless%20Scooter%20Terms%20and%20Conditions.pdf. • We did for MBTA pilot. State DOT None Micromobility trips Trip length VMT reduction Emissions associated with micromobility vehicles Crashes involving micromobility devices Injuries involving micromobility devices AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 27. Does your state DOT require micromobility operators to provide data on any of the following considerations? Check all that apply.

Survey Responses 113   State DOT N/A (DOT does not collect/manage micromobility data) Collect and manage data internally by state DOT personnel Outsource to third parties to collect and manage the data Work with local agencies to gather data Other AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 28. How does your state DOT collect/manage micromobility data?

114 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Other responses: • We are working with Denver Regional Council of Governments (the MPO for greater Denver Metropolitan Area) who collects micromobility data on a limited basis. • We work with another agency (state level) to collect/manage data. • Depends on roadway ownership. • Local agencies gather data on shared-mobility devices. The state DOT is working to better collect/manage data regarding where/when all bikes, etc. are using our system (roads/buses) and where crashes are occurring. • None currently collected but plans to collect trip data to be outsourced to third-party collection and storage as part of Mobility-as-a-Service platform pilot in 2022. • Work with NC State’s Institute for Transportation Research and Education to collect and maintain bike/ped count data. Work with University of NC's Highway Safety Research Center to collect and maintain crash data. • Many of these questions seem tailored to shared micromobility. To my knowledge, WSDOT does not regulate shared services or collect/manage data from them. Some municipalities may.

Survey Responses 115   State DOT None Data Data storage Privacy Other AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 29. Does your state DOT establish standards for micromobility data regarding the following areas? Check all that apply.

116 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Other Responses: • Another agency (state level) has policies around data storage. • Per above: We are developing some data protocols related to facility use (e.g. bike/ped counts at intersections) but not use of specific shared services. We encourage locals to compare notes on structuring data requirements for shared mobility permits. • We have created a database for Bicycle and Pedestrian data and established standards for data format to be uploaded to the database. This data does not specifically include micromobility data.

State DOT Definition/classification of micromobility Technology development outpacing regulations Ensuring adequate safety Curb space management Obtaining reliable data Ensuring that micromobility modes improve overall transportation system performance Maintaining uniform approaches to micromobility None AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 30. Choose up to three main challenges that your state DOT faces regarding micromobility.

118 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Other responses: • Inconsistent ordinances one community to another. • A new field of transportation study for us. • Defining categories of devices relative to how they are used - rather than what they look like, has been a challenge. Currently electric scooters are defined alongside bikes as belonging in the motor vehicle category, yet they are often used on sidewalks (technically not permitted in many areas). • Lack of legislation regulating micromobility. • Increase demand on limited resources. • Managing volume of potential data and its privacy requirements. • This is under local authority and the state provides as much latitude as possible for local jurisdictions regarding micromobility.

Survey Responses 119   Other responses: • We do not regulate but do understand that to reduce GHG emissions that micromobility is an essential to achieving that goal. • We are not regulating micromobility at the Colorado Department of Transportation. • Equity. • The Hawaii DOT does not regulate micromobility. • Staffing and figuring out who manages the oversight of micromobility. State DOT Safety Environmental benefits Integration with other modes Reducing VMT of passenger vehicles Improving mobility Ensuring consistency in treatment of shared transportation services None AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE HI IA ID IL IN KS None KY LA None MA MD ME None MI MN MO MT NC ND NE None NH NJ NM None NV NY OH OK RI SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Question 31. What are the three main goals of regulating micromobility at your agency?

120 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices • We do not have an explicit goal for micromobility, outside of bicycle and pedestrian activities and no regulation. • In Ohio, much of the regulation on micromobility has been locally developed and enacted. Typically, these jurisdictions started out reacting to safety-related concerns, as this technology was deployed in Ohio. Safety remains a big priority for local communities, and now there is more planning related to integration with other modes, and mobility impacts overall. • Our agency does not regulate micromobility (except to determine where it is prohibited on limited access state highways). We work to develop infrastructure that supports safe, low- stress and efficient micromobility trips. • This is seen as local jurisdiction initiatives and the state provides support or coordinates as appropriate.

Question 32. How is your state DOT accommodating the fast pace of technological advancement in micromobility? By allowing the local jurisdictions, who are most affected by this technology, regulate it as best for their citizens. Our DOT has identified some strategies and actions to support micro-mobility in its plans and guides. Improving micro mobility aligns with Caltrans goals and core values as outlined in the 2050 CTP and Strategic Management Plan (Multimodal Transportation Network, Equity and Livability, and Innovation). Improving micro-mobility would support our goal of Mode Shift. We are working with our local MPO to gather data on micromobility trips. The biggest challenge is vehicle form and definitions associated with the forms. The companies appear to believe that promised developments and improvements are existing developments and improvements. We have yet to see many of these specific improvements implemented. Micromobility has not fully arrived in our state yet. None of the counties allow e-scooter companies to provide service. There are no micromobility companies in the state. Individual usage is increasing, but has not created issues at the moment. The Iowa Legislature passed E-bike classification. It's a learning curve that we are starting to place greater emphasis on Regulation is done at local level. Research, funding micromobility/bike share systems, pilots, proposing regulations/policies/legislation, integrating into communications, elevating topic at State DOT conferences, engaging with municipalities and Regional Planning Agencies actively pursuing micromobility share systems For now - the emphasis is on expanding the protected network assuming that e-scooters, skateboards, etc., will be able to share these facilities safely - while pedestrians use sidewalks. Ensuring the hierarchy of use reflects needs of the most vulnerable users of any facility type is the goal. We aren't. We haven't even touched this topic area. MDOT tries to be proactive in awareness of emerging trends and potential modifications to legislative language In 2020, our DOT created a shared mobility program which is staffed by a full time coordinator. This program monitors shared mobility technology and services and looks for opportunities to partner on implementing such services in our state to meet community need. In November 2020, this program launched a monthly webinar to educate public transit system staff and transportation planners in our state about shared mobility options, new technologies, and best practices for partnerships and oversight. Our DOT currently is not addressing this issue. Our DOT sees the arrival of technology a bit slower than other states, and because of that, we try to learn from other states. By attending webinars, conferences, and participating in nationwide coordinator calls, we have the opportunity to hear of others' experiences and lessons learned. Micromobility tends to establish itself within communities, so often the accommodation falls to local governments. Beginning Stage. NA We have funded research at a center at a state university on micromobility. The legislature is addressing it. Within our recently completed Statewide Active Transportation Plan, we included an existing conditions memo on New Mobility as a way to explore the ways in which micro-mobility can be leveraged to achieve our statewide goals related to active transportation safety, connectivity, equity, and more. Memo is located here: https://www.transportation.ohio.gov/wps/wcm/connect/gov/222810b6-c7ef-4b04-951e- 0aae897d4f60/200810+WalkBikeOhio_New+Mobility+Report.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CONVERT_TO=url&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE.Z18_M1HGGIK0N0JO00QO9DDDDM 3000-222810b6-c7ef-4b04-951e-0aae897d4f60-npcWm2r Our state has partnered with the HKS in the development of a Policy Primer on micromobility two years ago that was shared with the City of Providence. We have not yet put resources in this area. By expanding the scope of our state's BPAC we are hoping to provide a forum to address micromobility issues. As micromobility was in its infancy when the last Statewide Transportation Plan was being developed a few years ago, more information is now available to better incorporate micromobility into statewide planning efforts. Mostly by staying out of the way and letting localities do their thing Monitoring news from around the country. This is a legislative arena. Our DOT may advise, when requested, on regulatory bills introduced. State legislation was passed in 2019 regarding electric bikes and electric scooters. Our state DOT works with the tools provided by the state legislature on these topics.