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Page 63
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26815.
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Page 63
Page 64
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26815.
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Page 64

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63   Anderson, G., and L. Searfoss. Safer Streets, Stronger Economies: Complete Streets Project Outcomes from Across the Country. Smart Growth America, March 2015. https://smartgrowthamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/ 2016/08/safer-streets-stronger-economies.pdf. Accessed July 19, 2021. Anderson-Hall, K., B. Bordenkircher, R. O’Neil, and S. C. Scott. Governing Micro-mobility: A Nationwide Assessment of Electric Scooter Regulations. Transportation Research Record, Manuscript draft for presen- tation at TRB 2019 Annual Meeting, Aug. 2018. https://www.sandag.org/resources/bikeshare/pubs/2019_ TRB_Governing_Micromobility.pdf. Accessed March 29, 2021. APH (Austin Public Health). Dockless Electric Scooter-Related Injuries Study. Austin, TX, April 2019. https:// austintexas.gov/sites/default/files/files/Health/Epidemiology/APH_Dockless_Electric_Scooter_Study_ 5-2-19.pdf. Accessed April 13, 2021. Ciarlo, C., L. Jonson, and J. Sherman. 2019 E-Scooter Findings Report. City of Portland Bureau of Transportation, Sept. 2020. https://www.portland.gov/sites/default/files/2020/pbot_e-scooter_report_final.pdf. Accessed March 21, 2021. DiMaggio, C. J., M. Bukur, S. P. Wall, S. G. Frangos, and A. Y. Wen. Injuries Associated with Electric-Powered Bikes and Scooters: Analysis of US Consumer Product Data. Injury Prevention, Vol. 26, Issue 6, 2020, pp. 524–28. https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/26/6/524. Accessed May 5, 2021. FDOT (Florida Department of Transportation). Partnering with FDOT: A Resource Guide for Local Governments. April 2021. https://fdotwww.blob.core.windows.net/sitefinity/docs/default-source/planning/policy/local- resource-guide_v21.pdf?sfvrsn=e72abc3_4. Accessed Sept. 3, 2021. Fedorowicz, M., E. Bramhall, M. Treskon, and R. Ezike. New Mobility and Equity: Insights for Medium-Size Cities. Urban Institute, July 2020. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/102529/new-mobility- and-equity-insight-in-medium-cities_2.pdf. Accessed Sept. 7, 2021. FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). Micromobility: A Travel Mode Innovation. Public Roads—Spring 2021, Vol. 85, No. 1, FHWA-HRT-21-003, Spring 2021. https://highways.dot.gov/public-roads/spring-2021/ micromobility-travel-mode-innovation. Accessed Sept. 3, 2021. Fischer, P. S. Understanding and Tracking Micromobility: Transportation’s New Disruptor. Governors High- way Safety Association (GHSA), Aug. 2020. https://www.ghsa.org/sites/default/files/2020-08/GHSA_ MicromobilityReport_Aug31Update.pdf. Accessed March 28, 2021. Fishman, E., S. Washington, and N. Haworth. Bikeshare’s Impact on Active Travel: Evidence from the United States, Great Britain, and Australia. Journal of Transport & Health, Vol. 2, 2015, pp. 135–42. Goodman, D., A. Witte, R-L. Stark, and A. Frackelton. E-Scooter Management in Midsized Cities in the United States. Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center, Chapel Hill, NC, Oct. 2019. https://www.pedbikeinfo. org/cms/downloads/PBIC_Brief_MicromobilityMidsizeCitiesScan.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2021. Gutman, D. Helmets May Be Seattle Law, but Many Bike-Share Riders Don’t Wear Them. Seattle Times, Aug. 19, 2017. https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/helmets-may-be-seattle-law-but-many- bike-share-riders-dont-wear-them/. Accessed April 24, 2021. Hamilton, T. L., and C. J. Wichman. Bicycle Infrastructure and Traffic Congestion: Evidence from DC’s Capital Bikeshare. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 87, Jan. 2018, pp. 72–93. https:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069616300420. Accessed Aug. 5, 2021. Heineke, K., B. Kloss, D. Scurtu, and F. Weig. Micromobility’s 15,000-mile Checkup. McKinsey & Company, Jan. 29, 2019. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/micromobilitys- 15000-mile-checkup#. Accessed April 18, 2021. Hernandez, M., R. Eldridge, and K. Lukacs. TCRP Synthesis 132: Public Transit and Bikesharing. Transporta- tion Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2018. http://www.trb.org/TCRP/Blurbs/177475.aspx. Accessed June 11, 2021. References

64 Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices Johnston, K., D. A. Oakley, A. Durham, C. Bass, and S. Kershner. Regulating Micromobility: Examining Trans- portation Equity and Access. Journal of Comparative Urban Law and Policy, Vol. 4, Issue 1, Article 35, 2020, pp. 685–723. https://readingroom.law.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1074&context=jculp. Accessed March 18, 2021. Lazarus, J., J. C. Pourquier, F. Feng, H. Hammel, and S. Shaheen. Micromobility Evolution and Expansion: Understanding How Docked and Dockless Bikesharing Models Complement and Compete—A Case Study of San Francisco. Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 84, April 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S0966692319302510. Accessed Aug. 3, 2021. Leger, S., D. McLaughlin, and K. Tracksdorf. Leading the Charge on Canadian E-bike Integration: A Discussion on the Emerging and Unchartered Role of Micromobility. WSP Global Inc., 2018. https://www.wsp.com/-/media/ Insights/Canada/Documents/2019/Micromobility-White-Paper-EN.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2021. MacArthur, J., and N. Kobel. Regulations of E-bikes in North America: A Policy Review. National Institute for Transportation and Communities, NITC-RR-564, Aug. 2014. https://ppms.trec.pdx.edu/media/project_ files/NITC-RR-564A_Regulations_of_E-Bikes_in_North_America_r4Durz3.pdf. Accessed Oct. 11, 2021. Marshall, A. Discombobulated Cities Wrestle With an Electric Scooter Influx. Wired, April 17, 2018. https:// www.wired.com/story/discombobulated-cities-electric-scooters/. Accessed July 18, 2021. Moore, R. Scoot Over: The Growth of Micromobility and Electric Scooters in the South. Southern Legislative Conference, Sept. 2019. https://www.scribd.com/document/427410761/Scoot-Over-The-Growth-of- Micromobility-in-the-South. Accessed March 24, 2021. Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP. State and Local Survey of Laws Regulating E-Scooter Sharing Services. White Paper, Jan. 2021. NACTO (National Association of City Transportation Officials). Guidelines for Regulating Shared Micromobility, Sept. 2019. https://nacto.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/NACTO_Shared_Micromobility_Guidelines_ Web.pdf. Accessed April 26, 2021. NACTO. Shared Micromobility in the U.S.: 2019. 2020. https://nacto.org/shared-micromobility-2019. Accessed Feb. 23, 2021. Namiri, N. K., H. Lui, T. Tangney, I. E. Allen, A. J. Cohen, and B. N. Breyer. Electric Scooter Injuries and Hospital Admissions in the United States, 2014–2018. Research Letter, JAMA Surgery, Jan. 8, 2020, pp. 357–59. NHTS (National Household Travel Survey). Popular Vehicle Trip Statistics. Federal Highway Administration, 2017. https://nhts.ornl.gov/vehicle-trips. Accessed April 11, 2021. Oeschger, G., P. Carroll, and B. Caulfield. Micromobility and Public Transport Integration: The Current State of Knowledge. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 89, Dec. 2020. https:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920920308130. Accessed April 12, 2021. PBIC (Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center). Info Brief: The Basics of Micromobility and Related Motorized Devices for Personal Transport, Chapel Hill, NC, Oct. 2019. https://www.pedbikeinfo.org/cms/downloads/ PBIC_Brief_MicromobilityTypology.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2021. Pimentel, D., M. B. Lowry, T. W. Koglin, and R. W. Pimentel. Innovation in a Legal Vacuum: The Uncertain Legal Landscape for Shared Micro-mobility. Journal of Law and Mobility, Sept. 3, 2020. https://futurist.law.umich. edu/innovation-in-a-legal-vacuum-the-uncertain-legal-landscape-for-shared-micro-mobility/. Accessed April 11, 2021. SAE International. SAE J3194™ Taxonomy & Classification of Powered Micromobility Vehicles. Warrendale, PA, 2019. Shaheen, S., and A. Cohen. Shared Micromobility Policy Toolkit: Docked and Dockless Bike and Scooter Sharing. UC Berkeley: Transportation Sustainability Research Center, 2019. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00k897b5. Accessed March 15, 2021. Shaheen, S., E. Martin, N. Chan, A. Cohen, and M. Pogodzinski. Public Bikesharing in North America During a Period of Rapid Expansion: Understanding Business Models, Industry Trends and User Impacts. Mineta Trans- portation Institute Publications, MTI Report 12-29, 2014. https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1070&context=mti_publications. Accessed July 15, 2021. Trivedi, T. K., C. Liu, A. L. M. Antonio, N. Wheaton, V. Kreger, A. Yap, D. Schriger, and J. G. Elmore. Injuries Associated With Standing Electric Scooter Use. JAMA Network Open, Jan. 25, 2019. https://jamanetwork. com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2722574. Accessed May 1, 2021. Unagi. The 2021 Comprehensive Guide to Electric Scooter Laws. https://unagiscooters.com/articles/the-2021- comprehensive-guide-to-electric-scooter-laws/. Accessed April 3, 2021. Walsh, R. NCHRP Synthesis 436: Local Policies and Practices That Support Safe Pedestrian Environments. Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2012. https://www.nap.edu/ download/22739#. Accessed July 18, 2021.

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Micromobility vehicles and shared micromobility technologies are deploying rapidly in many cities across the United States and internationally. Lacking a standard definition, micromobility can include any small, personal transportation technology that travels slower than 20 to 30 miles per hour, may be motorized, and is frequently operated on pedestrian- or bicycle-oriented infrastructure (often, bicycles, e-bikes, or e-scooters).

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 597: Micromobility Policies, Permits, and Practices documents policies, permits, and practices that state departments of transportation (DOTs) are engaged with in regard to micromobility.

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